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Lule–Vilela languages

{{Short description|Language family}}

{{Expand language|topic=|langcode=es|otherarticle=Lenguas lule-vilela|date=March 2025}}

{{Infobox language family

|name=Lule–Vilela

|region=northern Argentina

|familycolor=American

|family=One of the world's primary language families

|child1=Lule-Tonocote

|child2=Vilela

|glotto=none

|map=Lule-Vilelan languages.png

|mapcaption=

}}

The two Lule–Vilela languages constitute a small, distantly related language family of northern Argentina. Kaufman found the relationship likely and with general agreement among the major classifiers of South American languages. Viegas Barros published additional evidence from 1996–2006. However, Zamponi (2008) considers Lule and Vilela each as language isolates, with similarities being due to contact.Zamponi, Raoul. 2008. [https://www.filologiasarda.eu/files/documenti/pubblicazioni_pdf/cfsmaccioni_vocabolari/02fonologia.pdf Sulla fonologia e la rappresentazione ortografica del lule.] Arte y vocabulario de la lengua Lule y Tonocoté, ed. by Antonio Maccioni, xxi–lviii. Cagliari: Centro di Studi Filogici Sardi.

Internal classification

Internal classification of the Lule–Vilela languages by Mason (1950):{{cite book |last=Mason |first=John Alden |author-link=John Alden Mason |date=1950 |chapter=The languages of South America |editor-first1=Julian |editor-last1=Steward |title=Handbook of South American Indians |volume=6 |pages=157–317 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143 |location=Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office}}

{{tree list}}

  • Lule–Vilela
  • Lule
  • Great Lule (of Miraflores, of Machoni)
  • Small Lule
  • Isistiné
  • Tokistiné
  • Oristiné
  • Vilela
  • Atalalá
  • Chunupí (Sinipé, Chulupí)
  • Yooc (Yoo, Wamalca)
  • Ocolé
  • Yecoanita
  • Pasain (Pazaine)
  • Omoampa (Umuapa)
  • Vacaa
  • Vilela
  • Ipa
  • Takete
  • Yoconoampa (Yecunampa)
  • Wamalca
  • (Malbalá ?)

{{tree list/end}}

Unclassfied languages are Tonocoté, Matará, and Guacará.

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Lule, Vilela, and Chunupí.{{cite book |last=Loukotka |first=Čestmír |author-link=Čestmír Loukotka |title=Classification of South American Indian languages |url=https://archive.org/details/classificationof0007louk |url-access=registration |publisher=UCLA Latin American Center |year=1968 |location=Los Angeles| pages=[https://archive.org/details/classificationof0007louk/page/63 63]–65}}

:

class="wikitable sortable"

! gloss !! Lule !! Vilela !! Chunupí

one

| alapea || ||

two

| tamop || ||

three

| tamlip || ||

head

| tokó || niskún || niskan

tooth

| l'ú || lupé ||

water

| to || má || maá

fire

| ikue || nié || nié

sun

| ini || oló || oló

moon

| || kopi || kokpi

star

| || tókxo ||

tree

| é || ||

maize

| pilis || ||

fish

| peás || ||

dog

| || huan-okol ||

jaguar

| || ikém || ikempé

black

| || kirimit ||

Proto-language

{{sister project |project=wiktionary |text=Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Lule-Vilela reconstructions}}

For reconstructions of Proto-Lule-Vilela by Viegas Barros (2006),Viegas Barros, J. Pedro (2006). [https://www.adilq.com.ar/PROTO-LULE-VILELA.pdf Proto-Lule-Vilela: Una Reconstrucción Fonológica Preliminar]. Comisión “Lenguas Chaqueñas” del 52 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas. Sevilla (España): Universidad de Sevilla. 17-21 de julio de 2006. see the corresponding Spanish article.

References

{{Reflist}}

  • {{cite book

| last = Viegas Barros

| first = J. P.

| title = Colección Folklore y Antropología, 4

| year = 2001

| publisher = Subsecretaría de Cultura, Dirección Provincial de Gestión Cultural

| location = Santa Fe

| chapter = Evidencias del parentesco de las lenguas lule y vilela

| pages = 15–21

}}

  • {{cite book

| last = Adelaar

| first = William F.H.

| author-link= Willem Adelaar

|author2=Pieter C. Muysken

| title = The Languages of the Andes

| url = https://archive.org/details/languagesandesca00adel

| url-access = limited

| year = 2004

| publisher = Cambridge University Press

| location = Cambridge

| isbn = 0-521-36275-X

| pages = [https://archive.org/details/languagesandesca00adel/page/n411 385]–392

}}

  • {{cite book

| last = Greenberg

| first = Joseph

| author-link = Joseph Greenberg

| author2 = Ruhlen, Merritt

| title = An Amerind Etymological Dictionary

| url = http://www.merrittruhlen.com/files/AED5.pdf

| access-date = 2008-06-27

| edition = 12

| date = 2007-09-04

| publisher = Dept. of Anthropological Sciences Stanford University

| location = Stanford

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101225141018/http://www.merrittruhlen.com/files/AED5.pdf

| archive-date = 2010-12-25

| url-status = dead

}}

External links

  • Alain Fabre. 2005. Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos. [http://www.ling.fi/Entradas%20diccionario/Dic=Lule-Vilela.pdf 'Lule–Vilela']

{{Language families}}

{{South American languages}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lule-Vilela languages}}

Category:Languages of Argentina

Category:Language families