Vilela language
{{Short description|Extinct language of Argentina}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Vilela
| nativename = {{lang|vil|Waqha}}
| states = Argentina
| extinct =
| familycolor = American
| fam1 = Lule–Vilela
| iso3 = vil
| glotto = vile1241
| glottorefname = Vilela
| dia1 = Ocol
| dia2 = Chunupi
| dia3 = Sinipi
| ethnicity = Vilela ({{lang|vil|Waqha-umbaꞵelte}})
| map2 = Lang Status 01-EX.svg
| mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Vilela is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger}}}}
| speakers2 =
| region = eastern Chaco
| altname = Uakambalelté
| map = Vilela language map.svg
| mapcaption = Map of the Vilela language
| speakers = 2 semispeakers
| date = 2007
}}
Vilela (Uakambalelté, Atalalá, Chulupí~Chunupí)Not to be confused with Niwaklé, which is also called Chulupí~Chunupí. is a moribund language last spoken in the Resistencia area of Argentina and in the eastern Chaco near the Paraguayan border. Dialects were Ocol, Chinipi, Sinipi; only Ocol survives. The people call themselves Waqha-umbaβelte 'Waqha speakers'. There were 2 semispeakers as of 2007.
The last Vilela people were absorbed into the surrounding Toba people and Spanish-speaking townsfolk.
Dialects
Loukotka (1968) lists the following varieties of Vilela.{{cite book |last=Loukotka |first=Čestmír |authorlink=Čestmír Loukotka |title=Classification of South American Indian Languages |url=https://archive.org/details/classificationof0007louk |url-access=registration |publisher=UCLA Latin American Center |year=1968 |location=Los Angeles |pages=[https://archive.org/details/classificationof0007louk/page/53 53]}}
- Chunupi - formerly spoken on the confluence of the San Francisco River and Bermejo River in the vicinity of La Encrucijada, Valtolema, Ortega, Esquina Grande and Laguna Colma.
- Pasain - formerly spoken in the vicinity of Macapillo, Argentine Chaco.
- Ocole - formerly spoken between Lacangayá and Laguna Colma.
- Omoampa - formerly spoken from Ortega as far as Miraflores.
- Macomita - once spoken west of the Juramento River, province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
- Yecoamita - once spoken northwest of the Teuco River, Formosa province.
- Sinipi - formerly spoken on the Bermejo River in the vicinity of Lacangayá.
Phonology
Vilela appears to have the five vowels /a e i o u/ of Spanish and approximately the following consonants:
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
colspan="2" |
! Labial ! Alveolar ! Palatal ! Velar ! Uvular ! Glottal |
---|
colspan="2" | Nasal
| {{IPA link|m}} | {{IPA link|n}} | | | | |
rowspan="3" | Plosive
! {{small|voiced}} | {{IPA link|b}} | {{IPA link|d}} | {{IPA link|dʒ}} | {{IPA link|ɡ}} | {{IPA link|ɢ}} | |
{{small|voiceless}}
| {{IPA link|p}} | {{IPA link|t}} | {{IPA link|tʃ}} | {{IPA link|k}} | {{IPA link|q}} | {{IPA link|ʔ}} |
{{small|ejective}}
| {{IPA link|pʼ}} | {{IPA link|tʼ}} | {{IPA link|tʃʼ}} | {{IPA link|kʼ}} | {{IPA link|qʼ}} | |
rowspan="2" | Fricative
! {{small|central}} | {{IPA link|f}} | {{IPA link|s}} | {{IPA link|ʃ}} | {{IPA link|x}} | | {{IPA link|h}} |
{{small|lateral}}
| | {{IPA link|ɬ}} | | | | |
colspan="2" | Approximant
| {{IPA link|w}} | {{IPA link|l}} | {{IPA link|j}} | | | |
colspan="2" | Rhotic
| | {{IPA link|r}}, {{IPA link|ɾ}} | | | | |
Notes
References
{{sister project |project=wiktionary |text=Wiktionary has a word list at Appendix:Vilela word list}}
- Lozano, Elena (1970). Textos Vilelas. La Plata: CEILP.
- Lozano, Elena (1977). Cuentos secretos vilelas: I. La mujer tigre. VICUS Cuadernos. Lingüística, Vol.I: 93-116.
- Golluscio, Lucia A. and Raoul Zamponi (2019). El vilela del siglo XVIII. Indiana 36. 43-68, A1-A56.
{{Languages of Argentina}}
{{South American languages}}
Category:Languages of Argentina
Category:Lule–Vilela languages