Vilela language

{{Short description|Extinct language of Argentina}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Vilela

| nativename = {{lang|vil|Waqha}}

| states = Argentina

| extinct =

| ref = {{Citation |last=Crevels |first=Mily |title=Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking |date=2012-01-13 |work=The Indigenous Languages of South America |pages=167–234 |editor-last=Campbell |editor-first=Lyle |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110258035.167/html |access-date=2025-02-17 |publisher=DE GRUYTER |doi=10.1515/9783110258035.167 |isbn=978-3-11-025513-3 |editor2-last=Grondona |editor2-first=Verónica}}

| familycolor = American

| fam1 = Lule–Vilela

| iso3 = vil

| glotto = vile1241

| glottorefname = Vilela

| dia1 = Ocol

| dia2 = Chunupi

| dia3 = Sinipi

| ethnicity = Vilela ({{lang|vil|Waqha-umbaꞵelte}})

| map2 = Lang Status 01-EX.svg

| mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Vilela is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger}}}}

| speakers2 =

| region = eastern Chaco

| altname = Uakambalelté

| map = Vilela language map.svg

| mapcaption = Map of the Vilela language

| speakers = 2 semispeakers

| date = 2007

}}

Vilela (Uakambalelté, Atalalá, Chulupí~Chunupí)Not to be confused with Niwaklé, which is also called Chulupí~Chunupí. is a moribund language last spoken in the Resistencia area of Argentina and in the eastern Chaco near the Paraguayan border. Dialects were Ocol, Chinipi, Sinipi; only Ocol survives. The people call themselves Waqha-umbaβelte 'Waqha speakers'. There were 2 semispeakers as of 2007.

The last Vilela people were absorbed into the surrounding Toba people and Spanish-speaking townsfolk.

Dialects

Loukotka (1968) lists the following varieties of Vilela.{{cite book |last=Loukotka |first=Čestmír |authorlink=Čestmír Loukotka |title=Classification of South American Indian Languages |url=https://archive.org/details/classificationof0007louk |url-access=registration |publisher=UCLA Latin American Center |year=1968 |location=Los Angeles |pages=[https://archive.org/details/classificationof0007louk/page/53 53]}}

Phonology

Vilela appears to have the five vowels /a e i o u/ of Spanish and approximately the following consonants:

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
colspan="2" |

! Labial

! Alveolar

! Palatal

! Velar

! Uvular

! Glottal

colspan="2" | Nasal

| {{IPA link|m}}

| {{IPA link|n}}

|

|

|

|

rowspan="3" | Plosive

! {{small|voiced}}

| {{IPA link|b}}

| {{IPA link|d}}

| {{IPA link|dʒ}}

| {{IPA link|ɡ}}

| {{IPA link|ɢ}}

|

{{small|voiceless}}

| {{IPA link|p}}

| {{IPA link|t}}

| {{IPA link|tʃ}}

| {{IPA link|k}}

| {{IPA link|q}}

| {{IPA link|ʔ}}

{{small|ejective}}

| {{IPA link|pʼ}}

| {{IPA link|tʼ}}

| {{IPA link|tʃʼ}}

| {{IPA link|kʼ}}

| {{IPA link|qʼ}}

|

rowspan="2" | Fricative

! {{small|central}}

| {{IPA link|f}}

| {{IPA link|s}}

| {{IPA link|ʃ}}

| {{IPA link|x}}

|

| {{IPA link|h}}

{{small|lateral}}

|

| {{IPA link|ɬ}}

|

|

|

|

colspan="2" | Approximant

| {{IPA link|w}}

| {{IPA link|l}}

| {{IPA link|j}}

|

|

|

colspan="2" | Rhotic

|

| {{IPA link|r}}, {{IPA link|ɾ}}

|

|

|

|

Notes

References

{{sister project |project=wiktionary |text=Wiktionary has a word list at Appendix:Vilela word list}}

  • Lozano, Elena (1970). Textos Vilelas. La Plata: CEILP.
  • Lozano, Elena (1977). Cuentos secretos vilelas: I. La mujer tigre. VICUS Cuadernos. Lingüística, Vol.I: 93-116.
  • Golluscio, Lucia A. and Raoul Zamponi (2019). El vilela del siglo XVIII. Indiana 36. 43-68, A1-A56.

{{Languages of Argentina}}

{{South American languages}}

Category:Languages of Argentina

Category:Lule–Vilela languages

Category:Extinct languages of South America

Category:Languages extinct in the 21st century