Luna E-1 No.2

{{Infobox spaceflight

| name = E-1 No.2

| image = RIAN archive 510848 Interplanetary station Luna 1 - blacked.jpg

| image_caption = A replica of an E-1 spacecraft

| mission_type = Lunar impactor

| operator = Soviet space program

| mission_duration = Failed to orbit

| spacecraft_type =

| manufacturer = OKB-1

| dry_mass =

| launch_mass = {{convert|361|kg}}

| power =

| programme = Luna programme

| previous_mission = Luna 1958A

| next_mission = Luna 1958C

| launch_date = {{start-date|11 October 1958}}

| launch_rocket = Luna 8K72 {{nowrap|s/n B1-4}}

| launch_site = Baikonur 1/5

| launch_contractor =

}}

Luna E-1 No.2, sometimes identified by NASA as Luna 1958B,{{cite web |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/tent_launch.html |title=Tentatively Identified Missions and Launch Failures |publisher=NASA NSSDC|first=David R.|last=Williams|accessdate=30 July 2010|date=6 January 2005}} was a Soviet spacecraft which was lost in a launch failure in 1958. It was a {{convert|361|kg|adj=on}} Luna E-1 spacecraft, the second of four to be launched.{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/luna_e1.htm|title=Luna E-1|last=Krebs|first=Gunter|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|accessdate=26 July 2010}} It was intended to impact the surface of the Moon, and in doing so become the first man-made object to reach its surface.

The spacecraft was intended to release {{convert|1|kg}} of sodium, in order to create a cloud of the metal which could be observed from Earth, allowing the spacecraft to be tracked. Prior to the release of information about its mission, NASA correctly identified that it had been an attempted Lunar impact mission.

Facing continued political pressure to beat the US, Sergei Korolev lost his temper and exclaimed "Do you think only American rockets explode!?" Once again, he knew that the Pioneer 1 probe was set for launch on October 11, but again decided to wait. Just like with the attempt in August, the US Moon shot failed to attain orbit.

Luna E-1 No.2 was launched on 12 October 1958 atop a Luna 8K72 carrier rocket, flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt |title=Launch Log |last=McDowell |first=Jonathan |publisher=Jonathan's Space Page |accessdate=26 July 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213081551/http://www.planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt |archivedate=13 February 2009 |url-status=live }} As the Pogo oscillation issue on Luna E-1 No.1 could not be adequately resolved due to the rushed launch schedules, a couple of stopgap measures were tried including disabling the propellant utilization system at T+85 seconds and throttling the engines down to reduce structural loads on the stack. The booster flew until T+104 seconds when it exploded once again from vibration rupturing the propellant lines.{{cite book |last1=Reichl |first1=Eugen |title=The Soviet Space Program - The Lunar Mission Years: 1959 to 1976 |date=2019 |publisher=Schiffer Publishing Ltd |page=15-17,21|url=https://www.amazon.com.au/Soviet-Space-Program-Mission-1959-1976/dp/0764356755 |access-date=25 January 2024}}