Lunenburg, Nova Scotia

Lunenburg was named in 1753 after the Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg who had become King George II of Great Britain.{{cite web |title=Lunenburg |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lunenburg |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |access-date=May 9, 2019 |archive-date=June 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609125700/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lunenburg |url-status=live }} The Acadian inhabitants of the site had called it Mirliguèche, a French spelling of a Mi'kmaq name{{cite journal |last1=Beck |first1=Lauren |title=Early-Modern European and Indigenous Linguistic Influences on New Brunswick Place Names |journal=Journal of New Brunswick Studies |date=2016 |issue=7 |page=26 |url=http://w3.stu.ca/stu/sites/jnbs |access-date=May 4, 2019 |archive-date=June 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622142327/http://w3.stu.ca/stu/sites/jnbs/ |url-status=dead}} of uncertain meaning. An earlier Mi'kmaq name was āseedĭk, meaning clam-land.{{cite book |last1=Rand |first1=Silas |title=A First Reading Book in the Micmac Language: Comprising the Micmac Numerals, and the Names of the Different Kinds of Beasts, Birds, Fishes, Trees, &c. of the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Also, Some of the Indian Names of Places, and Many Familiar Words and Phrases, Translated Literally Into English |date=1875 |publisher=Nova Scotia Printing Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/afirstreadingbo00rangoog/page/n207 91] |access-date=May 4, 2019 |url=https://archive.org/details/afirstreadingbo00rangoog}}

The Mi'kmaq have lived in a territory from the present site of Lunenburg to Mahone Bay. At one point, as many as 300 Mi'kmaq people inhabited the site in the warm summer months.{{cite journal |last1=Wicken |first1=Bill |title=26 August 1726: A Case Study in Mi'kmaq-New England Relations in the Early 18th Century |journal=Acadiensis |date=1993 |volume=XXIII |issue=Autumn |pages=5–22 |jstor=30303468}} Acadians settled in the area around the 1620s. The Acadians and Mi’kmaq co-existed peacefully and some intermarried, creating networks of trade and kinship. In 1688, 10 Acadians and 11 Mi’kmaq were resident with dwellings and a small area of cultivated land. By 1745, there were eight families.

When Edward Cornwallis, newly appointed Governor of Nova Scotia, visited in 1749, he reported several Mi’kmaq and Acadian families living together at Mirliguèche in comfortable houses and said they "appeared to be doing well."{{cite book |last1=Knickle |first1=Margaret JA |title=Creating Space for Historical Narratives Through Indigenous Storywork and Unsettling the Settler |date=2017 |publisher=Mount Saint Vincent University |page=59 |access-date=May 4, 2019 |url=http://ec.msvu.ca:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10587/1814/Margaret%20JA%20Knickle%20Master%20Thesis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-date=July 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715183935/http://ec.msvu.ca:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10587/1814/Margaret%20JA%20Knickle%20Master%20Thesis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |url-status=live }}

Britain and France carried their military conflicts in Europe in the 1700s to the New World. Under the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, France ceded the part of Acadia today known as peninsular Nova Scotia to Britain. To guard against Mi'kmaq, Acadian and French colonial attacks, the British erected Fort George in 1749 at Citadel Hill Halifax and founded the town of Halifax.{{cite book |last=Grenier |first=John |title=The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia, 1710–1760 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVG5h6G5fWMC&pg=PP1 |year=2008 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |isbn=978-0-8061-3876-3 |access-date=2019-03-14 |archive-date=2024-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615064614/https://books.google.com/books?id=jVG5h6G5fWMC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}

The British sought to settle the lands with loyal subjects, and recruited more than 1,400 Foreign Protestants, mostly artisans and farmers, from Europe in July 1753 to populate the site. The British had failed to provide promised land in Halifax to many of these settlers and they had become frustrated, causing problems for the British.{{Cite book |last=Bumsted |first=J. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfMMAQAAMAAJ |title=The Peoples of Canada: A Pre-Confederation History |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-543101-8 |location= |pages=121–125 |language=en |access-date=2021-02-14 |archive-date=2024-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615064615/https://books.google.com/books?id=pfMMAQAAMAAJ |url-status=live }} The resettlement thus served the additional purpose of removing many of the Foreign Protestants from Halifax. Led by Charles Lawrence,{{cite web |last1=Graham |first1=Dominick |title=Charles Lawrence |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/lawrence_charles_3E.html |website=Dictionary of Canadian Biography |publisher=University of Toronto/Université Laval |access-date=May 11, 2019 |date=1974–2019 |archive-date=April 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425170859/http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/lawrence_charles_3E.html |url-status=live }} the settlers were accompanied by about 160 soldiers. They assembled prefabricated blockhouses and constructed a palisade along the neck of land where the village was laid out.{{cite web |last1=Ferguson |first1=Charles |title=Patrick Sutherland |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/sutherland_patrick_3E.html |website=Dictionary of Canadian Biography |publisher=University of Toronto/Université Laval |access-date=May 11, 2019 |date=1974–2019 |archive-date=June 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615064615/http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/sutherland_patrick_3E.html |url-status=live }} The settlers spent the summer building shelters for the winter{{cite book |last=Grenier |first=John |title=The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia, 1710–1760 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVG5h6G5fWMC&pg=PP1 |year=2008 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |isbn=978-0-8061-3876-3 |access-date=2019-03-14 |archive-date=2024-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615064614/https://books.google.com/books?id=jVG5h6G5fWMC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }} and, not having been able to conduct any fishing or farming, had to be provisioned from Halifax.{{cite book |last1=Genier |first1=John |isbn=978-0806138763 |title=The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia, 1710–1760 |date=2008 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |page=166 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVG5h6G5fWMC |access-date=May 5, 2019}} When the settlers became dissatisfied with the distribution of provisions and due to general distrust and frustration from mistreatment by the British, they rose in armed rebellion in The Lunenburg Rebellion and briefly declared a republic, only to be put down by troops led by Colonel Robert Monckton.{{cite book |last1=Griffiths |first1=N.E.S. |title=From Migrant to Acadian: A North American Border People, 1604–1755 |date=2005 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP |isbn=978-0773526990 |page=422 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cG4wSmIlziYC |access-date=May 5, 2019}} Others defected to the Acadian side.{{cite book |last1=Murdoch |first1=Beamish |title=A History of Nova Scotia, Or Acadie |date=1866 |publisher=J Barnes |page=[https://archive.org/details/ahistorynovasco01murdgoog/page/n247 227] |url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorynovasco01murdgoog |access-date=May 5, 2019}} In 1754, the town had a sawmill and a store.{{cite web |last1=Beck |first1=J |title=Philip Augustus Knaut |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/knaut_philip_augustus_4E.html |website=Dictionary of Canadian Biography |publisher=University of Toronto/Université Laval |access-date=May 11, 2019 |date=1979–2019 |archive-date=June 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615064642/http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/knaut_philip_augustus_4E.html |url-status=live }}

In 1755, after the expulsion of the Acadians, the British needed to repopulate vacated lands. It offered generous land grants to colonists from New England, which was experiencing a severe shortage in land.{{cite web |title=The Population Explosion in 1700s America |url=https://www.dummies.com/education/history/american-history/the-population-explosion-in-1700s-america/ |website=dummies |publisher=Wiley |access-date=May 1, 2019 |archive-date=May 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501135348/https://www.dummies.com/education/history/american-history/the-population-explosion-in-1700s-america/ |url-status=live }} Today these immigrants are referred to as the New England Planters.{{cite book |author=Gwyn, Julian |title=Planter Nova Scotia 1760-1815: Falmouth Township |location=Wolfville |publisher=Kings-Hants Heritage Connection |year=2010 |page=17}} Lunenburg was raided in 1756 by a mixed group of Mi'kmaq and Maliseet raiders, devastating the town.{{cite book |last1=Bell |first1=Winthrop |title=The Foreign Protestants and the Settlement of Nova Scotia: The History of a Piece of Arrested British Colonial Policy in the Eighteenth Century |date=1961 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/foreignprotestan0000bell_o6k0/page/513 513] |url=https://archive.org/details/foreignprotestan0000bell_o6k0 |url-access=registration |access-date=May 5, 2019}} The attacks continued on the British with the Lunenburg Campaign of 1758. Hostilities with Mi'kmaq ended around 1760.

During the American Revolution, privateers from the rebelling colonies raided Lunenburg, including the 1782 raid, devastating the town once again. The town was fortified at the beginning of the War of 1812.{{cite web |last1=Young |first1=Richard |title=Blockhouses in Canada, 1749–1841: A Comparative Report and Catalogue |url=http://parkscanadahistory.com/series/chs/23/chs23-1g.htm |website=Parks Canada |access-date=May 5, 2019 |archive-date=October 31, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031070649/http://parkscanadahistory.com/series/chs/23/chs23-1g.htm |url-status=live }} The British officials authorised the privateer Lunenburg, operated by Lunenburg residents, to raid American shipping.{{cite book |last1=Boileau |first1=John |title=Half-Hearted Enemies: Nova Scotia, New England and the War of 1812 |date=2005 |publisher=Formac Publishing Company |page=66 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LbzpAAAACAAJ |access-date=May 5, 2019 |isbn=9780887806575 |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118175018/https://books.google.com/books?id=LbzpAAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}

Over the following years, port activities transitioned from coastal trade and local mixed fisheries,{{cite web |title=Fishery |url=http://www.canadiangeographic.com/atlas/themes.aspx?id=fishery&sub=fishery_centuries_19th |website=Canadian Geographic |access-date=May 8, 2019}} to offshore fisheries. During the Prohibition in the United States between 1920 and 1933, Lunenburg was a base for rum-running to the US.{{cite web |title=Recalling cops and rum runners in Prohibition |url=https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/recalling-cops-and-rum-runners-in-prohibition |publisher=CBC |access-date=May 8, 2019 |archive-date=August 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818085902/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/recalling-cops-and-rum-runners-in-prohibition |url-status=live }}

The Lunenburg Cure was the term for a style of dried and salted cod that the city exported to markets in the Caribbean.{{cite book |last1=Kurlansky |first1=Mark |title=Cod : A Biography of the Fish that Changed the World |date=1998 |publisher=Vintage Canada |isbn=978-0676971118 |page=128 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czRsuc9K18wC |access-date=May 8, 2019}} Today a large hammered copper cod weather vane is mounted on the spire of St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church.

The Smith & Rhuland shipyard built many boats, including Bluenose (1921), Flora Alberta (1941), Sherman Zwicker (1942), Bluenose II (1963), Bounty (1961), and the replica HMS Surprise (1970). In 1967 the yard was taken over by Scotia Trawler Equipment Limited. After the end of World War II, shipbuilders switched from producing schooners to trawlers, aided by migrant labour from Newfoundland.{{cite journal |last=Neary |first=Peter |title=Canadian Immigration Policy and the Newfoundlanders, 1912–1939 |url=http://journals.hil.unb.ca/index.php/acadiensis/article/view/11573/12322 |journal=Acadiensis |pages=78–83 |year=1982 |access-date=2014-05-06 |archive-date=2014-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507031248/http://journals.hil.unb.ca/index.php/acadiensis/article/view/11573/12322 |url-status=live }}

Lunenburg is in a natural harbour at the western side of Mahone Bay, about {{cvt|100|km}} southwest of Downtown Halifax.

The area is built largely on Cambrian to Ordovician sedimentary deposits. The last glacial period transformed the landscape. Glaciers abraded and plucked at the bedrock during their advances across the country, creating various deposits that vary in thickness, including drumlins, which are a key feature of Lunenburg County.{{cite book |last1=Roland |first1=Albert |title=Geological Background and Physiography of Nova Scotia |date=1982 |publisher=Ford Publishing Co. |location=Halifax, N.S. |isbn=978-0-919680-19-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/geologicalbackgr0000rola/page/71 71] |url=https://archive.org/details/geologicalbackgr0000rola/page/71}}

The coastline in the area is heavily indented, and the town is on an isthmus on the Fairhaven Peninsula, with harbours on both the front and back sides.

The climate of Lunenburg is moderate, owing to its coastal location which helps to limit extremes in temperatures. This means it is slightly milder in winter and slightly cooler in summer than most areas at similar latitudes. Lunenburg enjoys warm, breezy summers with temperatures in the low to mid 20s °C (70s °F). It is seldom hot and humid. Winters are cold and frequently wet. Heavy winter snowfall can occur, but Lunenburg's snowpack is usually short lived due to frequent winter rains and regular freeze-thaw cycles. Thick fog and damp conditions can occur at any time of year, but especially in spring. Seasonal lag due to cooler ocean temperatures means that spring conditions arrive in Lunenburg late in the season, often not until mid May. On the whole, Lunenburg precipitation is high from November to May, with July, August and September enjoying the warmest and driest conditions. Fall is typically bright, clear and cool.

Jan: 1°

Feb: 2°

Mar: 5°

Apr: 11°

May: 15°

Jun: 21°

Jul: 23°

Aug: 24°

Sep: 21°

Oct: 15°

Nov: 9°

Dec: 4°

The original planned town was built on a steep south-facing hillside. It was laid out with compact lots in a rectangular grid pattern of narrow streets without regard to the topography.{{cite web |title=18th Century |url=https://www.explorelunenburg.ca/18th-century.html |website=Town of Lunenburg |access-date=May 8, 2019 |archive-date=May 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507114058/https://www.explorelunenburg.ca/18th-century.html |url-status=live }} It is now known as the Old Town, and is the part of town which is protected by UNESCO. It is also the site of the old harbour. About 40 buildings in this area are on the Canadian Register of Historic Places including:

• Knaut-Rhuland House, 1793:{{CRHP|1786|Knaut-Rhuland House|May 7, 2019}} Now a museum run by the Lunenburg Heritage Society.{{cite web |title=Knaut-Rhuland House Museum, National Historic Site |url=http://lunenburgheritagesociety.ca/museum/ |website=Lunenburg Heritage Society |access-date=May 7, 2019 |archive-date=May 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507122700/http://lunenburgheritagesociety.ca/museum/ |url-status=live }}
• Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church, 1890: large wooden church.{{CRHP|1666|Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church|May 4, 2019}}
• St. John's Anglican Church, 1763: large wooden Carpenter Gothic church.{{CRHP|12344|St. John's Anglican Church|May 4, 2019}}

The Lunenburg Opera House is also in this area, though built in 1909, and not on the registry.

In 2005, the province of Nova Scotia bought 17 waterfront buildings from Clearwater Foods, the owner of the High Liner Foods brand, to ensure their preservation.{{cite news |last1=Dunfield |first1=Allison |title=Nova Scotia to buy historic Lunenburg buildings |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/nova-scotia-to-buy-historic-lunenburg-buildings/article20425401/ |website=The Globe and Mail |access-date=May 10, 2019 |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120080532/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/nova-scotia-to-buy-historic-lunenburg-buildings/article20425401/ |url-status=live }} Ownership was transferred to the Lunenburg Waterfront Association. Shipbuilding infrastructure worth $1.5 million was added to the Lunenburg waterfront as part of the Bluenose II restoration project, which started in 2010.{{cite web |title=Restoration of Bluenose II to begin |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/restoration-of-bluenose-ii-to-begin-1.897629 |website=CBC |access-date=May 11, 2019 |date=2010 |archive-date=August 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810121131/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/restoration-of-bluenose-ii-to-begin-1.897629 |url-status=live }}

The site of the Smith & Rhuland shipyard is now a recreational marina.

The Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic, part of the Nova Scotia Museum, includes a small fleet of vessels,{{cite web |title=Vessels |url=https://fisheriesmuseum.novascotia.ca/what-see-do/vessels |website=Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic |date=February 2013 |publisher=Nova Scotia Museum |access-date=May 10, 2019 |archive-date=May 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510123116/https://fisheriesmuseum.novascotia.ca/what-see-do/vessels |url-status=live }} including Bluenose II.{{cite web |title=Bluenose II |url=https://bluenose.novascotia.ca/home-port |website=novascotia.ca |access-date=May 11, 2019 |archive-date=May 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511192821/https://bluenose.novascotia.ca/home-port |url-status=live }}

Parts of the waterfront are still used by business. The shipyard ABCO Industries was founded in 1947 on the site of the World War II Norwegian military training facility Camp Norway, and now builds welded aluminum vessels. Lunenburg Shipyard is owned and operated by Lunenburg Industrial Foundry & Engineering. It offers a dry dock, manufacturing and machining, a carpentry shop, and a foundry capable of pouring 272 kg castings.{{cite web |title=Lunenburg Industrial Foundry & Engineering |url=https://www.lunenburgfoundry.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000903062542/http://www.lunenburgfoundry.com/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=September 3, 2000 |access-date=May 10, 2019}} There are wharves for commercial inshore fishing.

In the 1800s, Lunenburg prospered through shipping, trade, fishing, farming, shipbuilding, and outgrew its original boundaries. The town was extended into the east and west of the Old Town into what is now known as the New Town.{{cite web |title=19th Century |url=https://www.explorelunenburg.ca/19th-century.html |website=Town of Lunenburg |access-date=May 8, 2019 |archive-date=June 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615065123/https://townoflunenburg.ca/index.php |url-status=live }} This area includes about a dozen buildings on the Canadian Register of Historic Places.

Government in Nova Scotia has only two tiers: provincial and municipal. The province is divided into 50 municipalities, of which Lunenburg is one. The town is also within Lunenburg County, which was created for court sessional purposes in the 1860s and today has no government of its own, but the borders of which are coincident with certain provincial and federal electoral districts such as the Lunenburg Provincial Electoral District, and census districts. The county also covers the same terrain as the Municipality of the District of Lunenburg which surrounds, but does not include, Bridgewater, Lunenburg, and Mahone Bay, as they are incorporated separately and not part of the district municipality.

File:Businesses along the north side of Montague Street, Lunenburg, Nova Scotia.jpg

According to the 2016 census, the most common National Occupational Classification was sales and services, with 24 per cent of jobs. By the North American Industry Classification System, about half of all jobs were in health care and social assistance, accommodation and food services, manufacturing, and retail. High Liner Foods runs Canada's largest secondary fish-processing plant in the town.{{cite web |last1=Mccann |first1=L |title=Lunenburg |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lunenburg |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |access-date=May 11, 2019 |date=2015 |archive-date=June 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609125700/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lunenburg |url-status=live }}

The town's architecture and picturesque location make it attractive to the film industry. The dramatic and climactic wedding scenes of the award winning Canadian movie Cloudburst starring Olympia Dukakis were filmed in Lunenburg. Other films set in New England and filmed partly in Lunenburg include The Covenant{{cite web |title=The Covenant (2006) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0475944/?ref_=adv_li_tt |website=IMDB |access-date=May 10, 2019 |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123012656/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0475944/?ref_=adv_li_tt |url-status=live }} and Dolores Claiborne.{{cite web |title=Dolores Claiborne (1995) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109642/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 |website=IMDB |access-date=May 11, 2019 |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111205253/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109642/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 |url-status=live }} The 2010 Japanese movie Hanamizuki was partly set and filmed in Lunenburg.{{Cite web |title=5 Months in Total After the Start of Filming in Canada... |work=The Japan Times Online |publisher=cafegroove Corporation. |date=April 27, 2010 |url=http://www.cinemacafe.net/news/cgi/report/2010/04/8166/ |access-date=February 15, 2011 |language=ja |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723042215/http://www.cinemacafe.net/news/cgi/report/2010/04/8166/ |archive-date=July 23, 2011}} Further, the supernatural drama television show Haven was partly filmed there throughout its 5 season run, though the story is set in the U.S. State of Maine.{{cite web |title=Haven (2010–2015) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1519931/locations?ref_=tt_dt_dt |website=IMDB |access-date=May 9, 2019 |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123012656/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1519931/locations?ref_=tt_dt_dt |url-status=live }} The 2012 film The Disappeared, the 2020 television series Locke & Key, and the fourth season of the 2017 television series The Sinner were filmed in Lunenburg.{{cite web |title=Behind-the-scenes look at local movie shoot: The Disappeared |url=http://thedisappearedthefilm.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/SSN-Behind-Scenes-4Oct11.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309143205/http://thedisappearedthefilm.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/SSN-Behind-Scenes-4Oct11.pdf |archive-date=March 9, 2014 |url-status=live |publisher=The Lunenburg County Progress |access-date=March 19, 2012}}{{Cite web |url=https://decider.com/2020/02/08/locke-and-key-netflix-lunenburg-nova-scotia-where-filmed/ |title=Where Was 'Locke & Key' Filmed? Welcome to Beautiful Lunenburg, Nova Scotia |date=February 8, 2020 |access-date=February 9, 2020 |archive-date=February 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209171954/https://decider.com/2020/02/08/locke-and-key-netflix-lunenburg-nova-scotia-where-filmed/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title='The Sinner' Season 4 Filming Location Was Not Hanover Island |url=https://decider.com/2021/10/14/the-sinner-season-4-filming-location/ |publisher=Decider |date=October 14, 2021 |access-date=October 14, 2022 |archive-date=October 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014085704/https://decider.com/2021/10/14/the-sinner-season-4-filming-location/ |url-status=live }}

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Lunenburg had a population of {{nts|2396}} living in {{nts|1089}} of its {{nts|1242}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:2396-2263}}|2263|1}} from its 2016 population of {{nts|2263}}. With a land area of {{cvt|4.04|km2|sqmi}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|2396|4.04|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.{{cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000212 |title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Nova Scotia |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=February 9, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |archive-date=April 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410142034/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000212 |url-status=live }}

In 2016, the majority of the population is English-speaking Canadian Protestants. At 58, the median age is higher than the provincial median of 46. Household incomes are similar to provincial averages.

{{wide image|2013 Lunenburg panorama.jpg|3600px|Panoramic view}}

{{wide image|Downtown Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, Canada.jpg|1020px|Downtown Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, on the Corner of King and Pelham Streets.}}

File:St. John's Anglican Church, Lunenburg.jpg|St. John's Anglican Church, Lunenburg – built during the war (1754-1763)

File:RaidOnLunenburgByDonaldMacKay1955.jpg|Raid on Lunenburg (1756) by Donald A. Mackay

File:SackofLunenburgByAJWrightNSARMno1979-147no64.jpg|Raid on Lunenburg (1782) by A. J. Wright

File:Lunenburg, NS in 1880s.png|Lunenburg as seen from Common Range in the 1880s

File:The Fisherman's Memorial.JPG|Memorial to fishermen along Bluenose Drive. Unveiled on August 25, 1996.

Image:LunenbergWarMemorial.jpg|Lunenburg's World War I memorial

Image:Town of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia.jpg|Town of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia looking across Lunenburg Harbour from the Bluenose Golf course

Image:Lunenburg - NS - Lunenburg Hafen2.jpg|Lunenburg Harbour

Image:Lunenburg_Nova_Scotia_1.jpg|Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic

Image:Lunenburg harbour view.jpg|Lunenburg Boat Yards

Image:Bluenose-in-Lunenburg.jpg|Bluenose II in Lunenburg

Image:Lunenburg Waterfront.jpg|View of Waterfront

Image:Lunenburg - NS - Lunenburg Academy edit.jpg|Lunenburg Academy

File:Knaut-Rhuland House National Historic Site of Canada 2.JPG|Knaut-Rhuland House Museum

Image:Lunenburg house.jpg|Lunenburg House

Image:Lunenburg - NS - Zion's Lutheran Church.jpg|Zion Lutheran Church

File:Lunenburg during tourist season.jpg|Tourists enjoy a carriage ride through the historic district of Lunenburg. The landscape is dominated by rolling drumlins—a consistent feature of the region.

{{Portal|Geography|Canada}}

• Lunenburg English
• Royal eponyms in Canada
• Charles Morris: surveyor who laid out Halifax, Lunenburg, Lawrencetown, and Liverpool.{{cite web |last1=Blakely |first1=Phyllis |title=Charles Morris |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/morris_charles_1711_81_4E.html |website=Dictionary of Canadian Biography |publisher=University of Toronto/Université Laval |access-date=May 11, 2019 |date=1979–2019 |archive-date=June 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607073810/http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/morris_charles_1711_81_4E.html |url-status=live }}
• Dettlieb Christopher Jessen: first member of the house of assembly for the town.{{cite web |last1=Beck |first1=J |title=Christopher Dettlieb Jessen |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/jessen_dettlieb_christopher_5E.html |website=Dictionary of Canadian Biography |publisher=University of Toronto/Université Lava |access-date=May 11, 2019 |date=1983–2019 |archive-date=May 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511130212/http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/jessen_dettlieb_christopher_5E.html |url-status=live }}
• John Creighton: early settler and politician.{{cite web |last1=Beck |first1=J |title=John Creighton |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/creighton_john_1721_1807_5E.html |website=Dictionary of Canadian Biography |publisher=University of Toronto/Université Laval |access-date=May 11, 2019 |date=1983–2019 |archive-date=April 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426192441/http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/creighton_john_1721_1807_5E.html |url-status=live }}
• Jean-Baptiste Moreau: first missionary at the site{{cite web |last1=Fingard |first1=Judith |title=Jean-Baptiste Moreau |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/moreau_jean_baptiste_3E.html |website=Dictionary of Canadian Biography |publisher=University of Toronto/Université Laval |access-date=May 11, 2019 |date=1974–2019 |archive-date=November 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114072355/http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/moreau_jean_baptiste_3E.html |url-status=live }}
• Halifax and South Western Railway: former railway line that served the South Shore.{{cite web |title=Welcome To The H & SW Railway Museum |url=http://www.hswmuseum.ednet.ns.ca/Home.html |website=Halifax & Southwestern Railway Museum |access-date=May 11, 2019 |archive-date=December 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214233244/http://www.hswmuseum.ednet.ns.ca/Home.html |url-status=dead}}
• Earl Bailly, local painter

{{Reflist}}

{{commons|Lunenburg, Nova Scotia|Lunenburg}}

{{Wikivoyage|Lunenburg}}

• [http://www.lunenburgregion.ca Municipality of the District of Lunenburg]

{{Subdivisions of Nova Scotia}}

{{NHSC}}

{{Nova Scotia parks}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Communities in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia

Category:Unincorporated communities in Nova Scotia

Category:National Historic Sites in Nova Scotia

Category:Populated coastal places in Canada

Category:Populated places established in 1753

Category:Towns in Nova Scotia

Category:World Heritage Sites in Canada

Category:1753 establishments in the British Empire