Lutjanidae
{{Short description|Family of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Paddletail melb aquarium.jpg
| image_caption = Humpback red snapper, Lutjanus gibbus
| taxon = Lutjanidae
| authority = T. N. Gill, 1861{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style = amp |year=2014 | title = Family-group names of Recent fishes | url = https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3882.1.1/10480 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue =2 | pages = 001–230| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 | pmid = 25543675 | doi-access = free }}
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
| subdivision = see text
}}
Lutjanidae or snappers are a family of perciform fishes, mainly marine but with some members inhabiting estuaries and, in some cases, fresh water (e.g., Lutjanus goldiei). The family includes about 113 species. Most species are used for food and many are of high economic importance. Many species around the world are known in local languages as red snapper, including species from different genera (including Lutjanus and Pristipomoides)
Snappers inhabit tropical, subtropical, and warm-temperate regions of all oceans. Some snappers grow up to about {{convert|1|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length, and one species, the cubera snapper, grows up to {{cvt|1.52|m}} in length.{{Cite web|url=http://blog.mountthis.net/2017/02/cubera-snapper.html|title=Cubera Snapper|website=blog.mountthis.net|access-date=2017-02-15|archive-date=2017-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216125711/http://blog.mountthis.net/2017/02/cubera-snapper.html|url-status=dead}} Most are active carnivores, feeding on crustaceans or other fishes,{{cite web|last1=Bray|first1=Dianne|title=LUTJANIDAE|url=http://www.fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/family/308|website=Fishes of Australia|access-date=29 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009084753/http://www.fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/family/308|archive-date=9 October 2014|url-status=dead}} though a few are plankton-feeders. They can be kept in aquaria, but commonly grow too fast to be popular aquarium fish. Most species live at depths reaching {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on}} near coral reefs, but some species are found up to {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}} deep.
As with other fishes, some snapper species host parasites. A detailed study conducted in New Caledonia has shown that coral reef-associated snappers host about nine species of parasites per fish species.{{cite journal|last1=Justine|first1=Jean-Lou|last2=Beveridge|first2=Ian|last3=Boxshall|first3=Geoffrey A|last4=Bray|first4=Rodney A|last5=Miller|first5=Terrence L|last6=Moravec|first6=František|last7=Trilles|first7=Jean-Paul|last8=Whittington|first8=Ian D|title=An annotated list of fish parasites (Isopoda, Copepoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda) collected from Snappers and Bream (Lutjanidae, Nemipteridae, Caesionidae) in New Caledonia confirms high parasite biodiversity on coral reef fish|journal=Aquatic Biosystems|volume=8|issue=1|year=2012|pages=22|issn=2046-9063|doi=10.1186/2046-9063-8-22| pmid = 22947621 | pmc = 3507714|doi-access=free |bibcode=2012AqBio...8...22J }} {{open access}}
Timeline
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from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleocene
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Plio.
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from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene
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Systematics
Lutjanidae is subdivided into four subfamilies and 17 genera with around 110 species, as follows:{{cite book |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |author1=J. S. Nelson |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |year=2016 |pages=457–458 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |archive-date=2019-04-08 |access-date=2021-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408194051/https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |url-status=dead }}{{Cof family | family = Lutjanidae | access-date = 4 May 2021}}
- subfamily Apsilinae Johnson, 1980
- genus Apsilus Valenciennes, 1830
- genus Lipocheilus Anderson, Talwar & Johnson, 1977
- genus Paracaesio Bleeker, 1875
- genus Parapristipomoides Kami, 1963
- subfamily Etelinae Gill, 1893
- genus Aphareus Cuvier, 1870
- genus Aprion Valenciennes, 1830
- genus Etelis Cuvier, 1828
- genus Pristipomoides Bleeker, 2020
- genus Randallichthys Anderson, Kami & Johnson, 1977
- subfamily Lutjaninae Gill, 1861
- genus Hoplopagrus Gill, 1861
- genus Lutjanus Bloch, 1790
- genus Macolor Bleeker, 1860
- genus Ocyurus Gill, 1862
- genus Pinjalo Bleeker, 1873
- genus Rhomboplites Gill, 1862
- subfamily Paradicichthyinae Whitley, 1930
- genus Symphorichthys Munro, 1967
- genus Symphorus Günther, 1872
Some authorities classify the Caesionidae, the fusiliers, within the Lutjanidae as a fifth subfamily but the 5th Edition of Fishes of the World retains this grouping as a distinct family pending more work being conducted on its relationships.
{{clr}}
Image:Aphareus furca Maldives.JPG|Aphareus furca
Image:Aprion virescens.jpg|Aprion virescens
Image:Apsilus dentatus - pone.0010676.g081.png|Apsilus dentatus
Image:Etelis radiosus.jpg|Etelis radiosus
Image:Kash.snapper.jpg|Lutjanus kasmira
Image:Macolor macularis Landaagiraavaru.JPG|Macolor macularis
Image:2006-10-06 18 - Yellowtail Snapper.JPG|Ocyurus chrysurus
Image:Umeiro2013121501.jpg|Paracaesio xanthura
Image:Pipin u0.gif|Pinjalo pinjalo
Image:Pristipomoides aquilonaris - pone.0010676.g086.png|Pristipomoides aquilonaris
Image:Fish4422 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg|Rhomboplites aurorubens
Image:Symphorichthys_spirulus_by_Line1.jpg | Symphorichthys spilurus
References
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