Madera County, California

File:Betsy1901.jpg

Madera is the Spanish term for wood.Madera County, [http://www.madera-county.com/history/index.html County History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130015050/http://madera-county.com/history/index.html |date=January 30, 2009 }}. Accessed 2009.10.09. The county derives its name from the town of Madera, named when the California Lumber Company built a log flume to carry lumber to the Central Pacific Railroad there in 1876.{{California's Geographic Names|798}}

Madera County was formed in 1893 from Fresno County during a special election held in Fresno on May 16, 1893. Citizens residing in the area that was to become Madera County voted 1,179 to 358 for separation from Fresno County and the establishment of Madera County.Madera County GenWeb, [http://cagenweb.com/madera/MadHistory.html Madera County History]. Accessed 2017.09.01.

The Madera County Sheriff's Department employed the first woman in California to die in the line of duty as a sworn law enforcement officer—Tulare native Lucille Helm (1914–1959). For 15 years, the Madera housewife and mother of four worked on call as a "matron" assisting with female transfers."Memorial for law agents," [http://www.maderatribune.com The Madera Tribune], May 13, 2014, Pages A1 and A3

File:Photograph with text of a Mono couple living near Northfork, California. This is from a survey report of Fresno and... - NARA - 296289 (cropped).jpg

The region now known as Madera County was originally the territory of several Native American tribes, notably the Mono, Chukchansi, and Miwok. The Mono inhabited the upper San Joaquin River region, encompassing areas around North Fork and Crane Valley. The Chukchansi tribe lived in what are today the communities of Oakhurst, Coarsegold, Ahwahnee, and the lower foothills extending to the San Joaquin Valley. Meanwhile, the Miwok were located in the vicinity of Ahwahnee, Wawona, Mariposa, and the Yosemite Valley.{{cite book |last=Barnes |first=Dwight H. |date=2001 |title=Miners, Lumberjacks and Cowboys: A History of Eastern Madera County. |publisher=Sierra Historic Sites Association |isbn=0-9707605-0-7}}{{rp|8}}

Following the California Gold Rush, many Native American communities were displaced, a situation exacerbated by the Mariposa War and institutionalized by the Act for the Government and Protection of Indians.{{cite book |last=Freeman |first=Marcia Penner |date=2013 |title=Willow Creek History: Tales of Cow Camps, Shake Makers & Basket Weavers. |url=https://www.arcadiapublishing.com/ |publisher=The History Press |pages=23–29 |isbn=978-1-60949-644-9}} Despite these adversities, several communities persevered in their traditional lifestyles. However, the creation of the Sierra National Forest in 1897 introduced a citizen-only land use permit system, effectively excluding Native Americans until they were granted citizenship in 1924 through the Indian Citizenship Act.{{rp|13}}

Since the area was part of Mexico until 1848, it has maintained a significant population of Mexican descent.{{cite web |last1=Nateras |first1=Myrna Martínez |last2=Stanley |first2=Eduardo |title=Latino Immigrant Civic and Political Participation in Fresno and Madera, California |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/publication/Fresno%20Eng.pdf |publisher=Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars |page=6 |access-date=}} After the California Gold Rush, the region became a vibrant mosaic, drawing individuals from across the United States and beyond.{{cite web |title=Fresno Census in the 1800's |url=https://abc30.com/archive/7298949/ |publisher=ABC30 |date=February 28, 2010 |access-date=}}

Chinese laborers played a key role in constructing the Madera Flume and working in the Sugar Pine lumber yards. However, their numbers declined after restrictive immigration laws like the Chinese Exclusion Act and the Immigration Act of 1917 were enacted. This led to Mexican immigrants filling the roles previously held by Chinese workers, signifying a notable change in the area's labor dynamics.{{cite news |author= |date=August 8, 2017 |title=Sugar Pine's Chinatown had its revenge |url= https://www.maderatribune.com/single-post/2017/08/08/sugar-pines-chinatown-had-its-revenge |work=The Madera Tribune |access-date=August 3, 2022}}{{Cite book |last=Johnston |first=Hank |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/239958 |title=Thunder in the Mountains: The Life and Times of Madera Sugar Pine |publisher=Stauffer Publishing |year=1968 |isbn=0-87046-017-X |edition=Second Edition (Revised) |location=Costa Mesa, Calif. |oclc=239958}}{{rp|81}}

During the 1930s, Madera County became a destination for significant numbers of refugees from the Dust Bowl, primarily originating from Oklahoma and Arkansas.{{cite web |title=Dust Bowl Refugees in Madera |url=https://maderamethod.com/dust-bowl-refugees-in-madera/ |website=Madera Method Living History |access-date=}}{{cite news |title=Maderan in Discussion on Migrants: State Chamber Told "Okies" Must Work Out Own Problems |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=MT19400203.2.51&srpos=1&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-madera+county+migrants------- |work=Madera Tribune |volume=LXXV |number=78 |date=February 3, 1940 |access-date=}}

In the mid-20th century, the Bracero Program, designed to recruit labor from Mexico, played a crucial role in mitigating the agricultural labor shortages that arose during World War II and the Korean War. Advocated by the Madera County Chamber of Commerce, efforts were made to persuade the federal government to prolong the guest worker program beyond its original expiration in 1964.{{cite news |title=Mexican Labor Slated To Arrive In August |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=MT19510302.2.17&srpos=4&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-%22madera%22+Mexican+immigrants-------1 |publisher=Madera Tribune |volume=59 |number=283 |date=March 2, 1951 |access-date=January 29, 2024}}{{cite news |title=Farm Labor Bill Wins Approval |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=MT19631101.2.46&srpos=5&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-%22madera%22+bracero-------1 |publisher=Madera Tribune |volume=72 |number=121 |date=November 1, 1963 |access-date=January 29, 2024}} Despite the program's conclusion, labor migration continued, and by the end of the century, Madera County had become increasingly dependent on a migrant workforce. As of the 1990s, this workforce was predominantly composed of Mixtecs from Oaxaca, Mexico, numbering an estimated 5,000 individuals.{{cite news |last=Mydans |first=Seth |title=A New Wave of Immigrants On Farming's Lowest Rung |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/24/us/a-new-wave-of-immigrants-on-farming-s-lowest-rung.html |publisher=New York Times |date=August 24, 1995 |access-date=January 29, 2024}}{{cite journal | access-date=August 28, 2022 | year=1995 | title=Mixtec Farm Workers | department=Rural Migration News | journal=Migration Dialogue | publisher=Regents of the University of California, Davis | volume=1 | number=4 | url=https://migration.ucdavis.edu/rmn/more.php?id=71}}

File:170828-FS-Inyo-PRW-MountRitter (36911169891).jpg standing at {{convert|13149|ft}}.]]

Madera County is characterized by its diverse landscapes, encompassing the fertile San Joaquin Valley, grasslands and oak woodlands of the foothills, and the rugged Sierra Nevada mountains. A significant part of Yosemite National Park, known for its wilderness and alpine areas, lies within the county. Madera County also hosts important waterways, including parts of the San Joaquin River and several lakes and reservoirs, vital for agriculture, ecosystems, and recreation.

The county experiences a range of climates, from arid in the valley to alpine in the higher Sierra Nevada, creating diverse microclimates and environments across the area.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of {{convert|2153|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|2137|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|16|sqmi}}, or 0.8%, is water.{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=September 28, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}}

Madera County is part of the Madera AVA wine region.

• Devils Postpile National Monument
• Inyo National Forest (part)
• Sierra National Forest (part)
• Yosemite National Park (part)

{{US Census population

|1900= 6364

|1910= 8368

|1920= 12203

|1930= 17164

|1940= 23314

|1950= 36964

|1960= 40468

|1970= 41519

|1980= 63116

|1990= 88090

|2000= 123109

|2010= 150865

|2020= 156255

|estyear=2023

|estimate=162858

|estref={{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=March 26, 2024}}

|align-fn=center

|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing from 1790-2000|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=January 24, 2022}}
1790–1960{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=September 28, 2015}} 1900–1990{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ca190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|editor-last=Forstall|editor-first=Richard L.|date=March 27, 1995|access-date=September 28, 2015}}
1990–2000{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=April 2, 2001|access-date=September 28, 2015}} 2010 2020

}}

Madera County's demographic composition and economic indicators reveal contrasts with both state and national averages. The county's median household income is reported at $76,920, which is below California's median of $91,551, reflecting economic disparities within the region.{{cite web |title=California - 2020 Decennial Census |publisher=United States Census Bureau |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/California?g=040XX00US06 |access-date=February 3, 2024}} Additionally, Madera County's poverty rate of 24.3% surpasses the state's 12.2% rate, underscoring significant economic challenges, particularly affecting children under 18, with 38.2% living in poverty. Comparatively, Madera County's median income slightly exceeds the national median of $69,717. However, its poverty rate of 22.0% also exceeds the national average, indicating a notable income inequality within the county.{{cite web |title=2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Madera_County,_California?g=050XX00US06039 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=February 3, 2024}}

In terms of housing, Madera County offers relatively more affordable options compared to the rest of California, with a median gross rent of $1,189 against the state's $1,870. The homeownership rate in Madera County is 69.0%, which is higher than California's rate of 55.8%.

The labor force participation rate in Madera County is 56.4%, which is lower than the national rate. The county has a youthful demographic, with 27.1% under 18 years old, compared to the national figure of 22.4%. The percentage of elderly residents in Madera County is slightly below the U.S. average.

Madera County is notable for its higher percentage of foreign-born residents at 20.3%, surpassing the national average. This contributes to the county's multicultural identity, with a significant Hispanic or Latino population of 59.6%. Linguistic diversity is evident, with 46.5% of residents speaking a language other than English at home. An estimated 12,500 to 15,000 people in Madera County are undocumented immigrants.{{cite web |url=https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/content/pubs/jtf/JTF_UndocumentedImmigrantsJTF.pdf |title=Undocumented Immigrants in California |publisher=Public Policy Institute of California |date=March 2017 |access-date=February 1, 2024}}{{cite web |title=Profile of the Unauthorized Population: Madera County, CA |publisher=Migration Policy Institute |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/data/unauthorized-immigrant-population/county/6039 |access-date=February 3, 2024}}

Educational attainment in Madera County shows that 21.4% of its population holds a Bachelor's degree or higher, which is below the California average.

File:Typical-log-at-Sugar-Pine-California-1915.jpg, 1915]]Madera County's origins are deeply rooted in boom-and-bust cycles, primarily driven by extractive industries. Initially, the county's economy was heavily reliant on mineral extraction and timber harvesting. Over time, agriculture and ag related industries became the predominant employer and economic force.

Madera County became known for gold mining during the California Gold Rush. Madera County, created in 1893 from a portion of Fresno County, encompassed most of the region's productive gold mines. These mines, located primarily at the junction of the Sierra Nevada batholith with pre-Cretaceous schist and slate, stretched from Grub Gulch to Hildreth.{{cite web |last1=Koschmann |first1=A. H. |last2=Bergendahl |first2=M. H. |title=Madera County California Gold Production |year=1968 |publisher=USGS |url=https://westernmininghistory.com/library/39/page1/ |access-date=}}

Grub Gulch, located near the end of Highway 49, was a gold rush town renowned for its easily accessible gold.{{cite news |title=Monument Requested For Once Roaring Grub Gulch |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=MT19660405.2.131&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-------- |work=Madera Tribune |volume=74 |number=228 |date=April 5, 1966 |access-date=}} Initially, Grub Gulch was a simple shanty town of tents, but it blossomed into a bustling community in the late 1880s, spurred by successful placer mining in nearby streams. At its peak, the town boasted five saloons, a general store, a post office, and a boarding house. Remarkably, out of the $1.35 million worth of gold extracted from Madera County, nearly $1 million originated from Grub Gulch.

By the 1950s, gold production had significantly dropped, primarily from dredging operations along the Fresno, Chowchilla, and San Joaquin Rivers with almost no production after 1959.

In the mid-20th century, Madera County's High Sierra regions became prominent for their significant tungsten deposits, leading to extensive mining activities near Mammoth Lakes, Central Camp, and Fish Camp. One notable example, the Strawberry Tungsten Mine, was valued at $1 million in 1955 and had the capacity to process 310 metric tons of ore daily by 1981.{{cite news |title=Plans Told To Reopen Local Mine |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=MT19650416.2.3&srpos=1&e=------196-en--20--1--txt-txIN-%22strawberry+tungsten+mine%22------- |newspaper=Madera Tribune |volume=73 |number=233 |date=April 16, 1965 |access-date=}}

However, tungsten mining in the Sierra Nevada faced challenges due to harsh winter conditions and intense competition from low-cost tungsten imports from China. These challenges were part of a broader decline in the U.S. starting in the 1980s, caused by falling market prices and economic issues, resulting in a major decrease in tungsten mining nationwide. As a result, tungsten mining in Madera County and the rest of the Sierra Nevada has stopped entirely.{{cite web |last1=Carroll |first1=Thomas R. |last2=Schmeda |first2=German |last3=Karl |first3=Nick A |last4=Burger |first4=Meredith H. |last5=Long |first5=Keith R |last6=Reyes |first6=Tyler A |title=Tungsten Deposits in the United States |year=2020 |publisher=USGS |url=https://www.usgs.gov/data/tungsten-deposits-united-states |doi=10.5066/P9XA8MJ4 |access-date=January 28, 2024}}

File:California Lumber Company Log Flume.jpg The discovery of gold was quickly followed by a high demand for lumber, which was essential for constructing sluice boxes and building early settlements. The first sawmill in the county was constructed in 1852 on the east fork of Redwood Creek, north of Oakhurst, in an area currently known as Old Corral. This mill primarily provided lumber to miners and settlers in the Coarsegold and Fresno Flats areas.{{cite web |url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5304587.pdf |title=A Sawmill History of the Sierra National Forest 1852-1940 |author=Ben Hurt |publisher=Sierra National Forest |access-date=January 21, 2024}} In 1854, Charles Converse and Bill Chitister purchased the mill and relocated it to Crane Valley, the area now known as Bass Lake.

In 1872, the California Lumber Company initiated the region's first major lumber operation with a steam mill near Nelder Grove. They built a record-setting {{convert|65|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} long log flume to Madera to float finished lumber to market. Although it ran out of money in 1874, it was restructured and operated at a profit for the next four decades.{{Cite book |title=As We Were Told: An Oral and Written History |publisher=Coarsegold Historical Society |editor-first1=Jane |editor-last1=Stenzel|year=2006 |isbn=0-9626377-7-7 |edition=Third Edition (Revised) |location=Coarsegold, California}}{{rp|146}}

During the Great Depression, Madera County's lumber industry and logging railroads ceased operations. In 1941, the industry recovered when a new sawmill in North Fork was built, which used logging trucks and advanced equipment for deeper access into the Sierra National Forest. However, in the early 1990s, tighter government rules reduced forest yields, hurting the mill's profits. This downturn led to the end of Madera County's logging era in February 1994, when the last log was processed.

Madera County's employment sectors are a blend of traditional industries like farming and manufacturing, coupled hospitality and service-oriented fields.{{cite web |title=Madera County Economic Forecast 2021: Employment Sectors 2015-2021 History, 2022-2050 Forecast |url=https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/transportation-planning/documents/data-analytics-services/transportation-economics/socioeconomic-forecasts/2022/madera-2022--a11y.pdf |website=California Department of Transportation |access-date=January 28, 2024}}{{rp|8}} Based on the average employment percentages from 2015 to 2022, the employment sectors in Madera County are ranked as follows:

The sectors that saw the largest decrease in the period were information (-25%), financial activities (-12.50%) and manufacturing (-5.71%). Looking towards the future, Government, Health and Education and Professional Sectors are forecast to be the fastest growing employment sectors.{{rp|8}}

Madera County is heavily invested in permanent crops, with almonds as the leading commodity, followed by grapes and pistachios.{{cite web |title=Madera County, California, farmers feel the pain of groundwater rules |url=https://fruitgrowersnews.com/news/madera-county-california-farmers-feel-the-pain-of-groundwater-rules/ |website=Fruit Growers News |date=April 22, 2022 |access-date=January 29, 2024}} This area also places significant emphasis on cattle ranching and pollination services, particularly for almond cultivation, both ranking among the top five local agricultural sectors. In 2022, Madera County's overall gross crop production was valued at $1.9 billion. The county is renowned for its agricultural prowess, holding state rankings of #1 in fig production, #4 in both almonds and nuts, #4 in grape production (specifically the raisin variety), and #4 in pistachios.{{cite web |title=County Agriculture Stats |url=https://maderafb.com/county-agriculture-stats/ |publisher=Madera County Farm Bureau |access-date=January 29, 2024}}

In the 1990s Mixtec farmworkers were a large presence in the southern part of the state, and were beginning to filter northwards here along with other Mexican indigenous agricultural laborers to work in the county's farms.

Madera County is mostly covered by the State Center Community College District centered on Fresno City College in Fresno. Other districts with territory within Madera County also include the West Hills Community College District and the Merced Community College District.

School districts include:{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st06_ca/schooldistrict_maps/c06039_madera/DC20SD_C06039.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Madera County, CA|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 25, 2022}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st06_ca/schooldistrict_maps/c06039_madera/DC20SD_C06039_SD2MS.txt Text list]

Unified:

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

• Chawanakee Unified School District
• Firebaugh-Las Deltas Unified School District
• Golden Valley Unified School District
• Madera Unified School District
• Yosemite Unified School District - Includes some sections zoned for K-12 and some for grades 9–12 only

{{div col end}}

Secondary:

• Chowchilla Union High School District

Elementary:

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

• Alview-Dairyland Union Elementary School District
• Bass Lake Joint Union Elementary School District
• Chowchilla Elementary School District
• Raymond-Knowles Union Elementary School District

{{div col end}}

The government of Madera County is mandated by the California Constitution to have a five-member Board of Supervisors elected to staggered four-year terms. The Board of Supervisors: District 1, Brett Frazier; District 2, David Rogers; District 3, Robert Poythress; District 4, Leticia Gonzalez; District 5, Tom Wheeler; and County Administrator, Jay Varney; and staff provide for voter registration and elections, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, roads, and social services for the entire county. It is the local government for all unincorporated areas. Other elected offices include the Sheriff, Tyson Pogue; District Attorney, Sally Orme Moreno; Assessor, Brian Glover (acting); Auditor-Controller, David Richstone; Treasurer-Tax Collector, Tracy Kennedy; and Clerk/Registrar of Voters-Recorder, Rebecca Martinez.

The Sheriff's Office and staff provide court protection, jail administration, and coroner service for all of Madera County with its total population of approximately 156,000 residents. The Sheriff provides police patrol and detective services to the unincorporated areas of the county, which contain approximately 70,000 residents, or 45% of Madera County's total population. The Sheriff's main station and offices are in the City of Madera. There are two Sheriff's substations: Oakhurst, population 3,000, and The Madera Ranchos, population 12,000, both on Highway 41 to Yosemite National Park in the Sierras.

The municipal police departments within Madera County are Madera, the county seat, population 62,000, and Chowchilla, population 19,600.

Madera County has three correctional facilities. The first is the Madera County Jail, managed by the elected Sheriff. The second, Valley State Prison, is a state-run prison located in Chowchilla.{{cite web |url=https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/facility-locator/vsp/ |title=Valley State Prison (VSP) |publisher=California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation |access-date=February 14, 2024}} The third, the Central California Women's Facility, is also in Chowchilla, across from Valley State Prison. Inmates are counted in the county's census population.

Madera is a strongly Republican county in presidential and congressional elections. The last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Jimmy Carter in 1976.

{{PresHead|place=Madera County, California|source={{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=August 31, 2018}}|source2=This total comprised 943 votes for Progressive Theodore Roosevelt (who was official Republican nominee in California), 226 votes for Socialist Eugene V. Debs and 89 votes for Prohibition Party nominee Eugene W. Chafin.}}

{{PresRow|2024|Republican|32,344|20,981|1,307|California}}

{{PresRow|2020|Republican|29,378|23,168|1,186|California}}

{{PresRow|2016|Republican|23,357|17,029|3,121|California}}

{{PresRow|2012|Republican|22,852|16,018|1,063|California}}

{{PresRow|2008|Republican|23,583|17,952|939|California}}

{{PresRow|2004|Republican|24,871|13,481|498|California}}

{{PresRow|2000|Republican|20,283|11,650|1,462|California}}

{{PresRow|1996|Republican|16,510|11,254|2,898|California}}

{{PresRow|1992|Republican|13,066|10,863|6,316|California}}

{{PresRow|1988|Republican|13,255|10,642|384|California}}

{{PresRow|1984|Republican|13,954|8,994|293|California}}

{{PresRow|1980|Republican|10,599|7,783|1,398|California}}

{{PresRow|1976|Democratic|6,844|7,625|423|California}}

{{PresRow|1972|Republican|7,835|6,580|477|California}}

{{PresRow|1968|Democratic|6,229|6,932|1,142|California}}

{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|4,461|9,391|10|California}}

{{PresRow|1960|Democratic|5,869|8,126|62|California}}

{{PresRow|1956|Democratic|5,239|7,162|38|California}}

{{PresRow|1952|Republican|6,278|6,244|118|California}}

{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|3,416|5,226|340|California}}

{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|2,865|4,276|49|California}}

{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|2,653|5,749|101|California}}

{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|1,387|4,646|101|California}}

{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|1,243|3,457|228|California}}

{{PresRow|1928|Republican|2,354|1,896|39|California}}

{{PresRow|1924|Republican|1,518|450|1,590|California}}

{{PresRow|1920|Republican|1,779|1,145|284|California}}

{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|1,323|1,880|278|California}}

{{PresRow|1912|Democratic|1|1,154|1,264|California}}

{{PresRow|1908|Republican|596|574|159|California}}

{{PresRow|1904|Republican|784|610|118|California}}

{{PresRow|1900|Republican|764|737|40|California}}

{{PresFoot|1896|Democratic|452|739|20|California}}

Madera is split between the 5th and 13th congressional districts,{{Cite web

| url = http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/downloads/meeting_handouts_072011/handouts_20110729_q2_cd_finaldraft_splits.zip

| title = Counties by County and by District

| publisher = California Citizens Redistricting Commission

| access-date = September 24, 2014

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130930184128/http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/downloads/meeting_handouts_072011/handouts_20110729_q2_cd_finaldraft_splits.zip

| archive-date = September 30, 2013

| url-status = dead

}} represented by {{Representative|cacd|5}} and {{Representative|cacd|13}}, respectively.{{Cite GovTrack|CA|4|access-date=March 1, 2013}}

With respect to the California State Assembly, the county is in {{Representative|caad|5|fmt=adistrict}}.

In the California State Senate, Madera is split between {{Representative|casd|8|fmt=sdistrict}}, and {{Representative|casd|12|fmt=sdistrict}}.{{Cite web

| url = http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/downloads/meeting_handouts_072011/handouts_20110729_q2_sd_finaldraft_splits.zip

| title = Communities of Interest — County

| publisher = California Citizens Redistricting Commission

| access-date = September 28, 2014

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151023054153/http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/downloads/meeting_handouts_072011/handouts_20110729_q2_sd_finaldraft_splits.zip

| archive-date = October 23, 2015

| url-status = dead

}}

On November 4, 2008, Madera County voted 73.4% for Proposition 8, which amended the California Constitution to define marriage as a union between one man and one woman.{{Cite book |last=Bowen |first=Debra |url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2008-general/sov_complete.pdf |title=Statement of Vote November 4th, 2008, General Election |publisher=California Secretary of State |year=2008 |location=California |pages=13}}

The county is one of three counties in California to establish a separate department to deal with corrections, pursuant to California Government Code §23013, the Madera County Department of Corrections, along with Napa County and Santa Clara County. The officers receive their powers under 831 and 831.5 of the California Penal Code.{{cite web|title=California Penal Code - PEN|url=http://codes.findlaw.com/ca/penal-code/pen-sect-830-1.html|work=FindLaw|access-date=January 26, 2017}}

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

{{col-begin}}

{{col-break|width=30%}}

• Bass Lake
• The Balls
• Chukchansi Gold Resort & Casino
• Corlieu Falls
• Ducey's Bass Lake Lodge
• The Forks Resort
• Fresno Dome
• Hensley Lake
• Mammoth Pool Reservoir
• Madera AVA
• Nelder Grove
• The Pines Resort
• Mount Ritter
• Shuteye Peak
• Sierra Vista Scenic Byway
• Willow Creek
• Yosemite National Park

{{col-break}}

{{col-end}}

• File:California 41.svg State Route 41
• File:California 49.svg State Route 49
• File:California 99.svg State Route 99
• File:California 145.svg State Route 145
• File:California 152.svg State Route 152
• File:California 233.svg State Route 233

{{See also|Trans-Sierra Highway}}

File:Sunset from the Minarets Vista viewpoint near Mammoth Lakes.jpgIn Madera County, eastern regions such as Devil's Postpile National Monument and part of Minaret Summit are isolated from the rest of the county due to a lack of connecting roads. Access to this area is primarily through Minaret Summit Road, which becomes State Route 203 upon reaching the Mono County border and leads to Mammoth Lakes. Red's Meadow Road is a further extension of this route.

A gap of less than {{Convert|10|mi|km}} separates the end of Minaret Road in the Western Sierra, which begins in North Fork and extends northeast into the Sierra, and the terminus of Red's Meadow Road in the Eastern Sierra. In the early to mid-20th century, plans were considered for building a highway or tunnel that would link the Eastern Sierra to the San Joaquin Valley through Minaret Summit. To maintain the feasibility of this project, an area southwest of Minaret Summit was intentionally left out of the Wilderness Act of 1964. This exclusion was aimed at keeping the option open for the construction of a Trans-Sierra Highway.

During his tenure as Governor of California, Ronald Reagan embarked on a horse packing trip in this area. Following this experience, Reagan aligned with conservationists to oppose the construction of the road.{{cite news |last=Skelton |first=George |date=1997-07-28 |title=The Man in the White Hat Who Saved the Sierra |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-jul-28-mn-17071-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=2025-01-17}} His efforts persisted after his election as President in 1980, culminating in the designation of this area as wilderness under the California Wilderness Act of 1984.

• Madera County Connection provides service between the cities of Madera and Chowchilla. Routes also run to eastern Madera County. A connection to Fresno can be made at Valley Children's Hospital near the county line.
• The cities of Madera and Chowchilla also have their own local, intracity transit services named Madera Metro and Chowchilla Area Transit, respectively.
• Greyhound buses and Amtrak trains stop in Madera

• Madera Municipal Airport and Chowchilla Airport are general aviation airports.

File:Hensley Lake and Eastman Lake and Madera Lake.jpg, toward the snow-capped Sierras. Eastman Lake (upper left) is on the border of Madera County and Mariposa County. Hensley Lake (upper right) is near the center of Madera County. Madera Lake (lower left) is on the outskirts of Madera.]]

• Chowchilla
• Madera (county seat)

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}

• Ahwahnee
• Bass Lake
• Bonadelle Ranchos
• Coarsegold
• Fairmead
• La Vina
• Madera Acres
• Madera Ranchos
• Nipinnawasee
• North Fork
• Oakhurst
• Parksdale
• Parkwood
• Rolling Hills
• Yosemite Lakes

{{div col end}}

• Knowles
• O'Neals
• Raymond
• Ripperdan
• Sugar Pine
• Sumner Hill

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Madera County.[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html 2010 Census]

† county seat

• Sierra National Forest
• Nelder Grove
• Fresno Dome
• List of museums in the San Joaquin Valley
• List of school districts in Madera County, California
• Madera Community Hospital
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Madera County, California
• USS Madera County (LST-905)

{{Reflist|group=note}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{Official website}}
• [http://www.cagenweb.com/madera/ Madera County GenWeb - Genealogy]
• [http://www.cagenweb.com/madera/MadHistory.html Madera County History]—Transcription of 1933 document on the county's history
• [http://www.oakhurstchamber.com/ Oakhurst Area Chamber of Commerce]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20040825000005/http://www.yosemite-sierra.org/ Yosemite Sierra Visitors Bureau]
• [http://www.maderatribune.com/ Madera Tribune], newspaper for the western half of the county founded March 31, 1892
• [http://madera.courts.ca.gov/ Superior Court of Madera County]
• [http://www.maderacountylibrary.org/ Madera County Library]
• [http://www.maderahospital.org/ Madera Community Hospital]
• [http://www.maderavalues.com Madera Values Quarterly Magazine]

{{Geographic Location

| Centre = Madera County, California

| North = Mariposa County

| Northeast = Tuolumne County and Mono County

| East =

| Southeast =

| South = Fresno County

| Southwest =

| West = Fresno County

| Northwest = Merced County

}}

{{Cities of Madera County, California}}

{{San Joaquin Valley}}

{{California}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|37.22|-119.77|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-CA_source:UScensus1990}}

Category:California counties

Category:San Joaquin Valley

Category:1893 establishments in California

Category:Populated places established in 1893

Category:Majority-minority counties in California