Maksym Butkevych

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| name = Maksym Butkevych

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| caption = Maksym Butkevych (November 2024)

| native_name = Максим Буткевич

| native_name_lang = uk

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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1977|07|16|df=y}}

| birth_place = Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union

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| nationality = Ukrainian

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| alma_mater = University of Kyiv
University of Sussex

| occupation = Human rights defender, journalist

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Maksym Oleksandrovych Butkevych ({{langx|uk|Максим Олександрович Буткевич}}, born 16 July 1977) is a Ukrainian human rights activist, journalist and member of the Ukrainian military.

Biography

Maksym Oleksandrovych Butkevych was born in Kyiv, into an intellectual family. Since childhood, he dreamed of being an astronaut, but doctors discovered that he had heart problems.{{cite web|url=https://zmina.info/articles/pravozahisnik_maksim_butkevich_mi_majemo_spravu_z_brudnimi_rechami_po_suti_jiak_asenizatori_vigribajemo_kanalizacijiu_krajini-2/|last=Vyrtosu|first=Iryna|date=28 September 2017|title=Максим Буткевич: "Ми маємо справу з брудними речами і, як асенізатори, вигрібаємо каналізацію держави…"|work=Zmina|access-date=23 February 2023|language=uk}}

=Education=

While still a school student, in 1990, he declared his support for Ukrainian independence{{Cite web|date=24 August 2022|title=Ukraine's independence day was always important. Now it is a matter of life and death|first=Nataliya|last=Gumenyuk|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/aug/24/ukraine-independence-day-kyiv-russia-war|access-date=8 November 2022|work=The Guardian|language=en}} and participated in his first protest, establishing a non-violent strike committee at his school during the Revolution on Granite. After graduating from secondary school, he studied at the Ukrainian Humanities Lyceum.{{cite web|url=https://kyivcity.gov.ua/news/ukranskomu_gumanitarnomu_litseyu__25_rokiv/|title=Українському гуманітарному ліцею — 25 років|date=23 October 2016|access-date=23 February 2023|work=Kyiv City State Administration|language=uk}}

He entered the Faculty of Philosophy of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and graduated with a degree in philosophy (specialising in social philosophy and the philosophy of history).{{cite web|url=http://mediaschool.org.ua/index.php?mid=4|title=Викладачі, що брали участь у роботі Школи у 2009–2012 рр.|work=New Ukraine School of Professional Journalism|access-date=23 February 2023|language=uk}} In his student years, He was a prominent anarchist and anti-fascist activist participating in the student trade union Direct Action.{{cite web|url=https://rev.org.ua/free-maksym-butkevych/|title=Free Maksym Butkevych!|date=15 March 2023|access-date=23 April 2023|work=Social Movement|language=en}} From 1998 to 1999, Butkevych worked as a methodologist at the Department of Cultural Studies and Archeology at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.{{cite web|url=https://genderz.org.ua/trening-rasizm-ta-ksenofobiya-v-ukrayinskomu-suspilstvi/|title=Тренінг «Расизм та ксенофобія в українському суспільстві»|work=GenderZed|date=14 April 2013 |access-date=23 February 2023|language=uk}}

During his education, he graduated from the military department and received the rank of lieutenant in the reserves.{{cite web|url=https://suspilne.media/260994-nas-obovazok-vitagti-jogo-z-polonu-ridni-i-kolegi-pro-pravozahisnika-maksima-butkevica/|title="Наш обов'язок — витягти його з полону" — рідні і колеги про правозахисника Максима Буткевича|website=Suspilne Ukraine|date=15 July 2022|access-date=23 February 2023|language=uk}}

Later, he studied at the University of Sussex in the United Kingdom, where he received a Master of Arts in Anthropology (specializing in the anthropology of development and social transformation).

=Career in journalism=

File:Максим Буткевич.jpg

Maksym's career as a journalist began in 1999 as a correspondent and editor at the International Information Department of STB TV channel. Later, in 2001, he moved to the international news department of TSN on the 1+1 TV channel.

In 2003, Butkevych moved to the United Kingdom, where he worked as a journalist for the Ukrainian Section of the BBC World Service in London. At the end of his 18-month contract, he remained a freelance journalist for local news websites and radio stations.

In 2006, he returned to Ukraine, where he became a journalist at the International Information Department of TSN, and the following year – a special correspondent for the international department of NIS (Inter TV channel).

=Human rights activism=

File:Максим Буткевич на фестивалі «Docudays».jpg human rights film Festival in Kyiv on 25 March 2017]]

After leaving the BBC, Butkevych stayed in Brighton for a while, where he studied at the University of Sussex and became involved in the anarchist and anti-globalization movement.

In 2008, Maksym Butkevych became a co-founder and co-coordinator of the non-governmental initiative "No Borders", which monitors the human rights situation in Central Asia and other regions, the right to asylum and refugee rights in Ukraine, and is involved in combating xenophobia and racism.{{cite web|url=https://kiev.vgorode.ua/event/lektsyy_master_klassy/169924-trenynh-natsyonalnye-menshynstva-y-bezhentsy-v-ukraynskykh-medya-preodolenye-stereotypov-y-usylenyia-tolerantnosty|title=Тренинг "Национальные меньшинства и беженцы в украинских медиа: преодоление стереотипов и усиления толерантности"|date=3 July 2012|access-date=23 February 2023|website=Vgorode|language=ru}}{{Cite news |date=15 July 2022 |title=Maksym Boutkevytch, militant des droits de l'homme ukrainien, capturé par les forces russes |language=fr |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2022/07/15/maksym-boutkevytch-militant-des-droits-de-l-homme-capture-par-les-forces-russes_6134900_3210.html |access-date=2022-11-08}} Within "No Borders", Maksym worked on the protection of refugees, internally displaced persons and stateless persons, and studied hate speech.

In 2009–2012, he participated in the work of the New Ukraine School of Professional Journalism. At the same time, he conducted trainings and gave public lectures at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-62168042|title=Як російська пропаганда робить "нациста" з правозахисника Максима Буткевича|first=Diana|last=Kuryshko|work=BBC News Ukrainian|date=16 July 2022|access-date=23 February 2023|language=uk}}

For several years, he worked as a public relations specialist for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Eastern Europe.{{cite web|url=https://ua.krymr.com/a/maksym-butkevych-pravozakhysnyk-viyskovyi-viyna/31950778.html|title=Антимілітарист, який взявся за зброю. Максим Буткевич та його шлях від правозахисника до військового|last1=Mokrushyn|first1=Serhiy|last2=Khalilov|first2=Rustem|work=Krym Realii|date=20 July 2022|access-date=23 February 2023|language=uk}} He was also an advisor to the UNHCR Office.{{cite web|url=https://photo.unian.ua/photo/323397-maksim-butkevich|title=Максим Буткевич|first=Mykhailo|last=Koifman|date=17 December 2010|access-date=23 February 2023|work=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency|language=uk}}

In 2012, together with Tetiana Pechonchyk and Maryna Hovorukhina, he founded the Human Rights Centre ZMINA.{{cite web|url=https://zmina.ua/event/polonenyj-pravozahysnyk-maksym-butkevych-otrymav-chesku-premiyu-istoriyi-nespravedlyvosti/|title=Полонений правозахисник Максим Буткевич отримав чеську премію "Історії несправедливості"|date=3 November 2022|access-date=23 February 2023|work=Zmina|language=uk}}

In 2013, he co-founded Hromadske Radio, where he worked as a journalist and presenter for two years; during the Maidan protests, he was active in civic human rights protest initiatives.{{cite web|url=https://docuspace.org/eng/project/tte--tte--natalya-gumenyuk--maksim-butkevich/|title=Natalia Humeniuk & Maksym Butkevych|work=Docuspace|date=13 November 2022|access-date=23 February 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://babel.ua/en/news/80468-the-founder-of-hormadske-radio-maksym-butkevych-was-captured-by-the-russians|first=Kostia|last=Andreikovets|title=The founder of "Hormadske Radio" Maksym Butkevych was captured by the Russians|date=10 July 2022|access-date=23 February 2023|work=Babel}}

Since March 2014, Butkevych has been involved as a coordinator in the Resource Center for Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons, a joint project of civic initiatives that provide assistance to internally displaced persons and the Secretariat of the {{ill|Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights|uk|Уповноважений Верховної Ради України з прав людини}}. The aim of the initiative was to help IDPs from Crimea and Donbas: to connect those who provide housing and those who need it,{{cite web|url=https://detector.media/intervyu/article/159995/2014-11-18-pravozashchytnyk-maksym-butkevych-o-tumane-voyny-y-narastayushchey-dyskrymynatsyy-pereselentsev-s-donbassa/|author=Dusya|title=Правозащитник Максим Буткевич – о тумане войны и нарастающей дискриминации переселенцев с Донбасса|work=Detector Media|date=18 November 2014|access-date=23 February 2023}} and to provide food, clothing, medicine, and counselling.

He also became an active member of the Committee of Solidarity with the Kremlin's Hostages, actively fighting for the release of Ukrainian political prisoners, including {{ill|Hennadii Afanasiev|uk|Афанасьєв Геннадій Сергійович}}, Oleh Sentsov, and Oleksandr Kolchenko.

He was also a member of the Public Council under the Ministry of Internal Affairs (2008–2010), a member of the National Committee of Amnesty International in Ukraine (2007–2008), a participant/trainer of the National Educational Program "Understanding Human Rights". In addition, he moderated DocuDays UA screenings and events, and advised the Alliance for Public Health (Ukraine).

=War and capture =

Despite his long history of anti-militarism and pacifism, at the beginning of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Maksym Butkevych volunteered to fight in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. He posted the following message on Facebook:

{{Quote|Unfortunately, I have to put my refugee assistance, humanitarian and human rights activities on hold. I think you can understand why from the photo [...] There are times when you have to be ready to defend what is important – I firmly believe in that. And the rest – after the victory.{{cite web|url=https://detector.media/infospace/article/197236/2022-03-06-pravozakhysnyk-maksym-butkevych-pishov-zakhyshchaty-ukrainu/|title=Правозахисник Максим Буткевич пішов захищати Україну|date=6 March 2022|access-date=23 February 2023|work=Detector Media|language=uk}}}}

In June 2022, Butkevych was captured near the Russian-held towns of Zolote and Hirske in Luhansk Oblast.{{cite news |last1=Beaumont |first1=Peter |title=Family of captured Ukrainian human rights activist plead for help |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/17/family-of-captured-ukrainian-human-rights-activist-plead-for-help-maksym-butkevych |work=The Guardian |date=17 July 2022 |access-date=8 November 2022}} Russian state media published a video of the interrogation.{{cite web|url=https://t.me/rian_ru/168569|title=Сдавшиеся под Горским в ЛНР украинские военные на видео Минобороны рассказали, как их бросило командование|date=24 June 2022|access-date=23 February 2023|work=RIA Novosti|language=ru}} Subsequently, the Russian Ministry of Defence confirmed that Butkevych was a prisoner of war and as of 9 August was in the Russian-occupied Luhansk region.{{cite web|url=https://24tv.ua/maksim-butkevich-rosiyi-ziznalisya-de-perebuvaye-pravozahisnik_n2142781|title=росія визнала, що утримує у полоні правозахисника Максима Буткевича|work=24 Kanal|date=24 August 2022|access-date=23 February 2023|language=uk}} Due to his support for IDPs during the war in Donbas and because of his history as a journalist for the BBC, Butkevych was respectively labelled as a "neo-Nazi" and a "British spy" by the Russian media.{{cite web |title=Russia officially confirms holding human rights activist Maksym Butkevych captive |url=https://imi.org.ua/en/news/russia-officially-confirms-holding-human-rights-activist-maksym-butkevych-captive-i47319 |publisher=imi.org.ua |access-date=8 November 2022}}{{Cite news |last=Hopkins |first=Valerie |date=24 July 2022 |title=Fears rise for a rights activist captured while fighting for Ukraine. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/24/world/fears-rise-for-a-rights-activist-captured-while-fighting-for-ukraine.html |access-date=2022-11-08 |issn=0362-4331}}

On 10 March 2023, Russia's Investigative Committee announced that Butkevych was sentenced to 13 years in prison.{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-russia-butkevich-prison/32312117.html|author=Current Time|author-link=Current Time TV|title=Ukrainian Rights Defender Butkevych Sentenced To 13 Years In Prison In Russian-Occupied Region|website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=10 March 2023|access-date=13 March 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/14127|author=AFP|title=Russian Proxy Court Jails Three Ukrainian Soldiers|work=Kyiv Post|date=10 March 2023|access-date=13 March 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://uacrisis.org/en/zvilnyty-butkevycha|title=Human Rights Organizations and Activists Demand Freedom for Maksym Butkevych, a Ukrainian POW, Illegally Sentenced on one of Ukraine's Occupied Territories|website=Ukraine Crisis Media Center|date=11 March 2023|access-date=13 March 2023}} Butkevych was charged with war crimes against civilians, specifically firing a grenade launcher at civilians in Severodonetsk. The court ignored evidence to the fact that at the incriminated date of the alleged attack Butkevych was not present anywhere near the town.{{Cite news |last=Time |first=Current |title=Moscow Court Rejects Appeal Of Noted Ukrainian Rights Defender Against Prison Term |language=en |work=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/moscow-court-rejects-appeal-ukrainian-rights-defender/32559002.html |access-date=2023-08-22}}

The Joint Center for the Search and Release of Prisoners of War and human rights activists became engaged in working to free him.

On 22 August 2023 appeal court in Moscow upheld the sentence of 13 years. Butkevych was not present at the court hearing, and he only had a chance to talk over a video link from prison in Luhansk. According to his lawyer, Butkevych was forced to confession using torture and after he confessed he confirmed the tortures stopped.{{Cite web |date=2023-08-22 |title=Ukraine: Russian court upholds 13-year sentence against Ukrainian human rights defender Maksym Butkevych |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/08/ukraine-russian-court-upholds-13-year-sentence-against-ukrainian-human-rights-defender-maksym-butkevych/ |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}{{Citation |title=Як врятувати Максима Буткевича – Олександр Павліченко |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7WHDQL_3W0 |access-date=2023-08-22 |language=en}}

In a 190-person prisoner swap between Ukraine and Russia, Butkevych was released on 18 October 2024.{{Cite web |date=2024-10-18 |title=Azov soldiers, human rights activist Butkevych among those returned in 190-person prisoner swap |url=https://kyivindependent.com/human-rights-activist-maksym-butkevych-among-those-returned-in-95-person-prisoner-swap/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}

На відкритті 20 фестивалю Docudays UA.jpg|Calls to free Butkevych at the Docudays UA festival (June 2023)

Хештег із закликом звільнити Максима Буткевича.jpg|

Maksym Butkevych-IMG 0018.jpg|Butkevych after being released (November 2024)

Maksym Butkevych-IMG 0109.jpg|

Maksym Butkevych-IMG 0130.jpg|