Malkh

Malkhi are mentioned by ancient Greco-Syrian writer Lucian and ancient Roman writer Claudius Aelianus.{{harvnb|История Ингушетии|2013|p=74}} (referring to {{harvnb|Латышевъ|1890|p=608}}; {{harvnb|Лукиан|1996|p=307}}; {{harvnb|Гумба|1988}}; {{harvnb|Гумба|1990}}). Despite Lucian's work having a literary and narrative nature, it shows what image the people living in Bosporan Kingdom had about the military-political union of the ancient Chechen, which they knew as "Malkhi". As per the tradition, Malkh acted as one of the large state formations of Southeast Europe in the second half of the 1st millennium BC, having connections with Bosporus, as well as competing with it and with the Scythians, the Colchis.{{sfn|Ахмадов|Гумба|Курумов|Хасмагомедов|2019|p=284}}

Some historians consider them as Maeotian,{{sfn|Ростовцев|1925|p=108}} while others consider them equivalent to the Durdzuks, an ethnonym mentioned primarily in Georgian sources.{{sfn|История Ингушетии|2013|p=12}} Some historians consider that the ethnonym was used to designate Nakh peoples.{{sfn|Ахмадов|Гумба|Курумов|Хасмагомедов|2019|pp=263, 272}}

• Toxaris — Work of Lucian of Samosta mentioned the "Mahlians"
• Adermakhus — King of the Mahlians according to Gumba

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• {{Cite book|last1=Ахмадов|first1=Я. З.|last2=Гумба|first2=Г. Д.|last3=Курумов|first3=Д. С.|last4=Хасмагомедов|first4=Э. Х.|year=2019|editor-last=Ахмадов|editor-first=Я. З.|url=https://roskav.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/2019-Istoriya-nahov-Perednej-Azii-Kavkaza-i-CHechni.pdf|title=История нахов Передней Азии, Кавказа и Чечни с древнейших времен до конца XV века|trans-title=The history of the Nakhs of Western Asia, the Caucasus and Chechnya from ancient times to the end of the 15th century|language=ru|location=М.|publisher=Литера|pages=1–686}}
• {{Cite book|last=Гумба|first=Г. Д.|year=1988|url=https://www.twirpx.com/file/2079640/|url-access=registration|title=Расселение вайнахских племен по "Аш-харацуйцу" ("Армянская география" VII в.)|trans-title=Settlement of the Vainakh tribes according to "Ash-kharatsuytsu" ("Armenian Geography" of the 7th century)|language=ru|location=Ереван|publisher=Ереванский государственный университет|pages=1–167}}
• {{Cite book|last=Гумба|first=Г. Д.|year=1990|chapter=Об одном обще-нахском этнониме второй половины первого тыс. до н.э.|trans-chapter=About one common Nakh ethnonym of the second half of the first millennium BC.|url=|title=Актуальные проблемы истории дореволюционной Чечено-Ингушетии|trans-title=Actual problems of the history of pre-revolutionary Checheno-Ingushetia|language=ru|location=Грозный|publisher=|pages=}}
• {{Cite book|last1=Долгиева|first1=М. Б.|last2=Картоев|first2=М. М.|last3=Кодзоев|first3=Н. Д.|last4=Матиев|first4=Т. Х.|year=2013|url=https://dzurdzuki.com/download/istoriya-ingushetii-otv-red-kodzoev-n-d-2013/|title=История Ингушетии|trans-title=History of Ingushetia|edition=4th|location=Ростов-на-Дону|publisher=Южный издательский дом|pages=1–600|isbn=978-5-98864-056-1|ref={{harvid|История Ингушетии|2013}}}}
• {{Cite book|last=Латышевъ|first=В. В.|year=1890|url=https://disk.yandex.ru/d/SZk4sq8MBEPq6|title=Извѣстія древнихъ писателей о Скиѳіи и Кавказѣ|trans-title=|language=ru|volume=1: Греческіе писатели|location=Санктпетербургъ|publisher=Типографія Императорской Академіи Наукъ|pages=1–946}}
• {{Cite book|author=Лукиан|author-link=Lucian|year=1987|editor-last1=Аверинцев|editor-first1=С.|editor-last2=Апта|editor-first2=С.|editor-last3=Гаспарова|editor-first3=М.|editor-last4=Тахо-Годи|editor-first4=А.|editor-last5=Шервинский|editor-first5=С.|editor-last6=Ярхо|editor-first6=В.|url=https://m.vk.com/doc271638305_661327989?hash=ZGcAT3iJRnZwCZ0Pz8K9Qc61OG12X76IgCiDSZcwD8P|title=Избранное|trans-title=Favorite|series=Библиотека античной литературы|language=ru|translator-last=Нахова|translator-first=И.|location=Москва|publisher=«Художественная литература»|pages=1–622}}
• {{Cite book|author=Лукиан|author-link=Lucian|year=1996|url=|title=Избранное|trans-title=Favorite|series=Сокровища мировой литературы|language=ru|location=Москва|publisher=Терра|pages=1–536|isbn=5-300-00503-7}}
• {{Cite book|last=Ростовцев|first=М. И.|author-link=Michael Rostovtzeff|date=1925-02-26|editor-last=Фармаковский|editor-first=Б. В.|editor-link=Boris Farmakovsky|url=https://m.vk.com/doc172075671_300288351?hash=atoYFruAaOo8jI4ZJAMmMbcz4cL35BLanVDKl4tujLH|title=Скифия и Боспор: Критическое обозрение памятников литературных и археологических|trans-title=Scythia and the Bosporus: A Critical Review of Literary and Archaeological Monuments|language=ru|location=Ленинград|publisher=Тип. 1-й Лен. труд. арт. печати|pages=1–621}}

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Category:Nakh peoples

Category:Bosporan Kingdom