Manuel Troncoso de la Concha

{{Short description|President of Dominican Republic from 1940 to 1942}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Manuel Troncoso de la Concha

| image = Presidente Troncoso con sombrero en 1940 (cropped).png

| caption = Troncoso in 1940

| order = 38th

| office = President of the Dominican Republic

| vicepresident = Vacant

| leader = Rafael Trujillo

| term_start = 24 February 1940

| term_end = 16 August 1942

| predecessor = Jacinto Peynado

| successor = Rafael Trujillo

| order1 = 23rd

| office1 = Vice President of the Dominican Republic

| president1 = Jacinto Peynado

| term_start1 = 16 August 1938

| term_end1 = 24 February 1940

| predecessor1 = Jacinto Peynado

| successor1 = Joaquín Balaguer

| office2 = President of the Senate

| term_start2 = January 1943

| term_end2 = 30 May 1955

| predecessor2 = Porfirio Herrera

| successor2 = Mario Fermín Cabral y Báez

| birth_name = Manuel de Jesús María Ulpiano Troncoso de la Concha

| nickname = Pipí

| birth_date = {{birth date|1878|4|3|df=yes}}

| birth_place = San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic

| death_date = {{death date and age|1955|5|30|1878|4|3|df=yes}}

| death_place = Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

| party = Dominican

| otherparty =

| spouse = Silvia Alicia Sánchez Abréu

| relations = Carlos Morales Troncoso (grandson)

| children =

| alma_mater = Professional Institute

| occupation =

| profession = Attorney

}}

Manuel de Jesús María Ulpiano Troncoso de la Concha (3 April 1878 – 30 May 1955) was an Dominican politician and intellectual who was the 38th president of the Dominican Republic from 1940 until 1942.{{cite book |first=Valentina |last=Peguero |title=The militarization of culture in the Dominican Republic, from the captains general to General Trujillo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xqMRwzuVLMC |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |year=2004 |isbn= 9780803237414 |pages=68, 114, 220}} Prior to ascending to the presidency, he was the 23rd vice president under President Jacinto Peynado from 1938 to 1940. Troncoso became president upon the resignation of Peynado. He also served in 1911 during the reign of the Council of Secretaries.{{Cite web|url=http://rulers.org/ruld.html#dominican_republic|title = Countries D}} He is also known in the Dominican Republic as Pipí.{{cite web |author=Julio Amable González Hernández |title=Descendencias Presidenciales: Manuel de Jesús Troncoso |url=http://www.idg.org.do/capsulas/junio2009/junio20096.htm |accessdate=8 September 2016|work=Cápsulas Genealógicas|date=6 June 2009|publisher=Instituto Dominicano de Genealogía |quote=Su nombre completo era Manuel de Jesús María Ulpiano Troncoso de la Concha y su apodo era “Pipí”.}}

Troncoso assumed the presidency after President Peynado resigned on 24 February 1940, a few weeks before dying on 7 March. Despite being the president, Troncoso had little power due to the fact that at the time, he was a puppet of Rafael Trujillo, the de facto leader of the country due to his position as generalissimo, the de facto head of state and head of government of the country at the time since Trujillo created that position in 1934.

Early life and education

Troncoso was the son of Jesús María Uladislao Troncoso Troncoso (1855–1923), treasurer and sacristan of the Basilica Cathedral of Santa María la Menor, and Baldomera de la Concha Silva (1844–1923).{{cite news |last1=Ventura |first1=Juan |title=Fundadores de la Academia Dominicana de la Lengua: Lic. Manuel de Jesús Troncoso de la Concha |url=https://acento.com.do/2017/opinion/8502026-miembro-numero-fundadores-la-academia-dominicana-la-lengua-lic-manuel-jesus-troncoso-la-concha/ |accessdate=15 September 2018 |publisher=Acento |date=27 October 2017 |language=Spanish}} Manuel was educated at the Conciliar Seminary of St. Thomas Aquinas, graduating with a Bachelor of Philosophy and Letters degree on November 25, 1895. He also was educated in the law, graduating from Professional Institute on April 3, 1899.[http://www.provinciasdominicanas.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19712&Itemid=34 Provincias Dominicanas] Translated

Professional life

File:Manuel de Jesús Troncoso de la Concha (cropped).jpg

Troncoso founded the commercial and civil law firm Oficina Troncoso in 1915 in Santo Domingo. He served as a judge in the First Instance, Court of Appeal, and Land Court. He served on the Supreme Court and as Minister of Justice, Minister of Public Instruction, Minister of Industry and Commerce, Minister of Communications, Minister of the Interior, and Attorney General, and Minister of Finance from 1944 to 1945.{{Cite web|url=https://www.hacienda.gob.do/sobre-nosotros/historia/|title = Historia - Ministerio de Hacienda de la República Dominicana}} He was also founding member of the Dominican Academy of History and chairman of its board from 1944 until 1955.[http://academiahistoria.org.do/curriculum/mjtc.htm Academia Dominica de la Historia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307152306/http://academiahistoria.org.do/curriculum/mjtc.htm |date=2009-03-07 }} translated

Troncoso was mayor of Santo Domingo as well as president of The National Electoral Board. He was attorney for the International Court and was a professor and dean of the law school and principal of the Autonomous University of Santo Domingo. He served as vice-president of the Republic from 1938 until 1940. After serving as president, Troncoso became President of the Senate from 1943 to 1955.{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cIG7AAAAIAAJ|title=Manual del legislador Dominicano|first=Adriano Miquel|last=Tejada|date=12 May 1990|publisher=Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra}} He was coroner of the Judicial District of Santo Domingo from 1911 until the time of his death.

As an author, Troncoso published Elementos de Derecho Administrativo (lit. "Elements of Administrative Law"), Narraciones Dominicanas (lit. "Dominican Narratives"), La Ocupación de Santo Domingo por Haití (lit. "The Occupation of Santo Domingo by Haiti"), El Brigadier Juan Sánchez Ramírez (lit. "Brigadier Juan Sánchez Ramírez"), and Génesis de la Convención Dominico-Americana (lit. "Genesis of the Dominican-American Convention"). He was editor-in-chief of Listín Diario from 1899 to 1911.[http://www.troncoso-caceres.com Tronsoco-Caceres Law Firm]

Vice presidency (1938–1940)

Bz 1938, Trujillo has served two terms as president, but then the constitution allowed him to run for a third term due to the fact that there were no term limits at the time. However, being inspired by the US example of two presidential terms despite the 22nd ammendment was not yet made into law, thus, Trujillo declined to run for a third term.{{harvp|Block|1941|p=672}}

Consequently, the Dominican Party nominated Trujillo's vice president and handpicked successor, Jacinto Peynado to be the presidential candidate and Troncoso as the vice presidential candidate in the election held on 16 May. The Peynado-Troncoso ticket unanimously won the election due to the fact that the country was a one-party state at the time.

On 16 August, Peynado was officially sworn in as president with Troncoso as the vice president. However, Trujillo still retained his role as Generalissimo of the Army and the leader of the Dominican Party thus remained the de facto leader of the country and still held the real power.

Presidency (1940–1942)

File:Funeral de D. Jacinto Peynado (4).jpg (left) and Troncoso (right) during the funeral of Jacinto Peynado.]]

In accordance to the constitution, as the vice president at the time, Troncoso became president on 24 February 1940 on the resignation of President Peynado due to poor health despite Rafael Trujillo holding the real power because of his role as generalissimo. A few weeks later, Peynado died on 7 March. Troncoso and Trujillo attended the funereal with other government officials. However, several sources claimed that Peynado remained president till his death and did not resign on 24 February.

On 16 May, elections were held where Trujillo ran, taking inspiration from US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who ran for a third term two years earlier. Trujillo unanimously won and was sworn in as president for the third time on 16 August. On 17 May 1942, the following day after the election, Troncoso appointed Trujillo as the new Secretary of War and Secretary of the Navy, using the previous resignation of Héctor Trujillo as a legal basis.Galíndez, Jesús de. 1973. The era of Trujillo: Dominican dictator. Tucson: the University of Arizona Press.

Private life

Troncoso married to Silvia Alicia Sánchez Abreu (1882–?), who became the first Dominican electress to ballot her vote on 16 May 1942 after women's suffrage was approved earlier that year. Troncoso and Sánchez had 6 children: Jesús María (1902–1982), who married María Ramírez García and had 1 child, Manuel Troncoso Ramírez (1927–2012); Pedro (1904–1989), who married Olga Hilda Lopez-Penha Alfau and had 2 children; Isabel Genoveva (1906–1991), who married Marino Emilio Cáceres Ureña and had 3 children including Ramón Cáceres Troncoso (b. 1930); Wenceslao (1907–2008), who married Rosa Mercedes Barrera Vega and had 4 children; and Altagracia (1915–1989), who married Eduardo Morales Avelino and had 5 children including Carlos Morales Troncoso (1940–2014).

His sons Jesús María and Wenceslao were, respectively, the first and second governor of the Central Bank of the Dominican Republic; in addition, both of them and their brother Pedro were all prominent lawyers and jurists in the Dominican Republic. Wenceslao was deputy, senator, and ambassador, as well, while Pedro was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1946–1949).