Manx runestones#Hedin Cross

File:Br Olsen;183, Andreas.jpg

This runestone is a stone cross that is located in the church Andreas. The inscription is in short-twig runes and it commemorates a father.

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|... (þ)[an](a) : [aft] (u)(f)(a)ik : fauþur : sin : in : kautr : kar[þ]i : sunr : biarnar f(r)(a) : (k)(u)(l)(i) [:]

|... þenna {} ept Ófeig, {} fǫður {} sinn, {} en {} Gautr {} gerði, {} sonr {} Bjarnar frá {} Kolli. {}

|"... this [cross] in memory of Ófeigr, his father, but Gautr made (it), the son of Bjǫrn from Kollr."Entry Br Olsen;183 in Rundata 2.0

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File:Br Olsen;184, Andreas.jpg

This stone cross is located in the church Andreas. It is engraved with short-twig runes, and it is dated to c. 940. It was erected in memory of a wife.

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|sont:ulf : hin : suarti : raisti : krus : þona : aftir : arin:biaurk * kuinu : sina (u) [*] k : au [*]: (o)ks/(b)ks

|Sandulfr {} hinn {} Svarti {} reisti {} kross {} þenna {} eptir {} Arinbjǫrgu, {} konu {} sína. ... {} ... {} ... {} ...

|"Sandulfr the Black erected this cross in memory of Arinbjǫrg his wife. ..."Entry Br Olsen;184 in Rundata 2.0

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File:Br Olsen;185A, Andreas.jpg

Referred to as Thorwald's Cross, this stone cross is found in the church Andreas. Only attribution to the one who raised the stone—Þorvaldr—remains of the message inscribed on the cross. It has been badly damaged since it was recorded. The stone depicts a bearded human holding a spear downward at a wolf, his right foot in its mouth, while a large bird sits at his shoulder.Pluskowski (2004:158). Rundata dates it to 940,Entry Br Olsen;185A in Rundata 2.0 while Pluskowski dates it to the 11th century.

This depiction has been interpreted as the Norse pagan god Odin, with a raven or eagle at his shoulder, being consumed by the wolf Fenrir during the events of Ragnarök.Pluskowski (2004:158) and Jansson (1987:152) Next to the image is a depiction of a large cross and another image parallel to it that has been described as Christ triumphing over Satan.Hunter, Ralston (1999:200). These combined elements have led to the cross as being described as "syncretic art"; a mixture of pagan and Christian beliefs. Andy Orchard comments that the bird on Odin's shoulder may be either Huginn or Muninn, Odin's ravens.Orchard (1997:115).

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|þurualtr ÷ (r)[aisti] (k)(r)(u)(s) ÷ (þ)[...]

|Þorvaldr {} reisti kross {} þe[nna].

|"Þorvaldr raised (this) cross."

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This stone cross is located in the church Andreas. It is engraved with short-twig runes and it is dated to the 10th century. What remains of the message informs that it was raised in memory of someone.

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|[... ...ai]s[t]i : [k]rus : þaina : aftiʀ ...

|... reisti {} kross {} þenna {} eptir ...

|"... raised this cross in memory of ..."Entry Br Olsen;185B in Rundata 2.0

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File:Isle of Man - Andreas Church - Manx Cross no 111 20240220.jpg

Only fragments remain of this stone cross, and they are located in the church Andreas. The inscription has not been deciphered, but it is of note as it consists of unusual twig runes and bind runes.Entry Br Olsen;185C in Rundata 2.0

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Only a fragment remains of this slab of stone that was once part of a grave. It is dated to the Viking Age and it is located in the church Andreas. Too little remains of the inscription to allow any decipherment.

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|ka-

|...

|"..."Entry Br Page1998;9 in Rundata 2.0

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This fragment was discovered at Larivane Cottage it is a slab of stone was once part of a grave. The inscription was made in relief form, and it is located in the Manx Museum. What remains of the inscription cannot be read.Entry Br NOR1992;6B in Rundata 2.0

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File:Br Olsen;189, Ballaug.jpg

This stone cross is located in Ballaugh. The inscription consists of short-twig runes and they are dated to the second half of the 10th century. It was raised in memory of a son.

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|oulaibr ÷ liu(t)ulbs{{!}} {{!}}sunr : r[ai](s)[ti k]rs * þ-na : ai(f)(t)ir * ...-b : sun [s]in

|Áleifr/Óleifr {} Ljótulfs sonr {} reisti kross {} þ[e]nna {} eptir {} [Ul]f, {} son sinn.

|"Áleifr/Óleifr, Ljótulfrs son raised this cross in memory of Ulfr, his son."Entry Br Olsen;189 in Rundata 2.0

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These fragments of a stone cross are found at Balleigh, and they are dated to the Viking Age. Only traces of runes remain and they cannot be read.Entry Br Olsen;190A in Rundata 2.0

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File:Braddan Display.jpg

This stone cross is located in the church Braddan. The inscription consists of short-twig runes and they are dated to 930–950. It was raised in memory of a man.

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|(þ)(u)(r)... : raisti : krus : þono : ift : ufaak : sun : krinais

|Þorsteinn {} reisti {} kross {} þenna {} ept {} Ófeig, {} son {} Krínáns.

|"Þorsteinn raised this cross in memory of Ófeigr, the son of Krínán."Entry Br Olsen;190B in Rundata 2.0

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File:Braddan 138.jpg

This stone cross is found in the church Braddan. The inscription consists of short-twig runes and it is dated to the second half of the 10th century. It reports betrayal.

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|... ...(n) roskitil : uilti : i : triku : aiþsoara : siin

|... [e]n Hrossketill {} vélti {} í {} tryggu {} eiðsvara {} sinn.

|"... but Hrosketill betrayed the faith of his sworn confederate."Entry Br Olsen;191A in Rundata 2.0

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File:Br Olsen;191B, Braddan.jpg

This stone cross is found in the church Braddan. The inscription consists of short-twig runes and it is dated to the 980s. The runemaster is identified as man named Thorbjörn, who also made Br Olsen;193A, below.Entry Br Olsen;191B in Rundata 2.0 It has been badly damaged since it was recorded.Page 1983:226

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|utr : risti : krus : þono : aft : fro(k)(a) [: f](a)(þ)[ur sin : in :] (þ)[urbiaurn : ...]

|Oddr {} reisti {} kross {} þenna {} ept {} Frakka, {} fǫður sinn, {} en {} Þorbjǫrn {} ...

|"Oddr raised this cross in memory of Frakki, his father, but ... ..."

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File:Br Olsen;193A, Braddan.jpg

This runestone which is dated to the 980s is found in the church Braddan. The inscription consists of short-twig runes and they were made by the runemaster Thorbjörn, like Br Olsen;191B, above. It was made in memory of a son.

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|þurlibr : nhaki : risti : krus : þono : aft [:] fiak : s(u)[n] (s)in : (b)ruþur:sun : habrs × {IHSVS}

|Þorleifr {} Hnakki {} reisti {} kross {} þenna {} ept {} Fiak, {} son sinn, {} bróðurson {} Hafrs. {} {ihsvs>}

|"Þorleifr the Neck raised this cross in memory of Fiak, his son, Hafr's brothers son. {{{angbr|ihsvs}}}"Entry Br Olsen;193A in Rundata 2.0

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This fragment of a runestone is located in Manx Museum. It is probably from the Viking Age, but as of 2006, it had not yet been analysed.Entry Br Page1998;20 in Rundata 2.0

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This runestone consists of a fragment of slate. It is dated to the Viking Age and it is located in Manx Museum. The only message that remains consists of "made".

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|...---r—nr * kirþi * ...

|... {} gerði {} ...

|"... made ..."Entry Br NOR1992;6A in Rundata 2.0

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gerði would also translate into modern Swedish as gjorde or English did ... The meaning of the words made or did depends on the original context of the sentence as a whole (or at least the words surrounding this single word), which here appears lost.

The current use of the Swedish word gjorde is much more closely related to did than the word made. Which is intended is impossible to say here.

This stone cross is found in the church Bride. The inscription consists of short-twig runes and it is dated to between 930 and 950. It was raised in memory of a wife.

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|[t]ruian : sur [t]u(f)kals : raisti krs þina : a(f)[t] aþmiu... : kunu si[n...]

|Druian, {} sonr Dufgals, {} reisti kross þenna {} ept Aþmiu[l], {} konu sín[a].

|"Druian, Dufgal's son raised this cross in memory of Aþmiu[l], his wife."Entry Br Olsen;193B in Rundata 2.0

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File:Br Olsen;194, Onchan.jpg

This runestone consists of a short-twig runic inscription on an old Irish stone cross. The inscriptions A, B and C date from the Viking Age, while D is later. A and B were made by the same scribe, C and D were made by a second and a third one, while a fourth scribe made E, F and G.

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|...(a) sunr × raisti × if(t) [k](u)[i](n)(u) (s)(i)(n)(a) ×

|... sonr {} reisti {} ept konu sína {}

|"...'s son raised (this) in memory of his wife"

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|murkialu × m...

|Myrgjǫl {} ...

|"Myrgjǫl ..."

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{{fs interlinear |lang=non |spacing=0.5 |class1=bold |number=C

|× uk ik at × auk raþ ik r...t ×

|{} Hygg ek {} at ok ræð ek r[é]tt. {}

|"I examine (the runes) and I interpret (them) rightly.(?)"

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{{fs interlinear |lang=non |spacing=0.5 |class1=bold |number=D

|a{{=}}læns

|Alleins.

|"in agreement(?)"

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|kru...

|Kro[ss]

|"Cross"

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{{fs interlinear |lang=non |spacing=0.5 |class1=bold |number=F

|isu krist

|Jésu Krist

|"Jesus Christ"

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|þuriþ × raist × rune... ×

|Þúríð {} reist {} rúna[r]. {}

|"Þúríð carved the runes."Entry Br Olsen;194 in Rundata 2.0

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File:Br Olsen;199, German, St John.jpg

This stone cross is located in the chapel of Saint John. The inscription is in short-twig runes and it is dated to between 930 and 950. The inscription is secondary and it is poorly preserved. Only a few main staffs are visible.

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|... in o(s)(r)(u)(þ)(r) : raist : runar : þsar {× ¶} ----- -

|... En Ásrøðr {} reist {} rúnar {} þessar. {} ... ...

|"... and Ásrøðr carved these runes. ... ..."Entry Br Olsen;199 in Rundata 2.0

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File:Br Olsen;200A, German, Peel.jpg

This stone cross is found in Manx Museum. The inscription is in short-twig runes, but it may be later than the Viking Age. It was inscribed in memory of a wife.

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|... ... ...(u)s * þense * efter * asriþi * kunu sina * (t)(u)(t)ur * ut... ...-

|... ... [kr]oss {} þenna {} eptir {} Ástríði, {} konu sína, {} dóttur {} Odd[s]. ...

|"... ... this cross in memory of Ástríðr, his wife, Oddr's daughter ..."Entry Br Olsen;200A in Rundata 2.0

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File:Br Olsen;200B, Jurby.jpg

This stone cross is found in Jurby and the short-twig runes are dated to the second half of the 10th century.Entry Br Olsen;200B in Rundata 2.0 It has been badly damaged since it was recorded. One of the figures depicted on the cross holds a small sword in his right hand and an Alpine horn in his left while a raven flies overhead. It has been suggested that this figure represents the Norse pagan deity Heimdall holding the Gjallarhorn, used to announce the coming of Ragnarök.Kermode (2005 [1907]:188).

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|[... ... ...un * si]n : in : onon : raiti ¶ --- * aftir þurb-...

|... ... [s]on {} sinn, {} en {} annan {} reisti/rétti {} [hann](?) {} eptir Þor...

|"... ... his son and raised(?) another ... in memory of Þorb-..."

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This stone cross is located in Saint Trinian's chapel. The short-twig inscription is dated to the Viking Age.

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|þurbiaurn : risti : krus : þ(o)-...

|Þorbjǫrn {} reisti {} kross {} þe[nna].

|"Þorbjǫrn raised this cross."Entry Br Olsen;201 in Rundata 2.0

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File:Maughold Stone with Runes and Ogham - Maughold-Stein mit Runen und Ogham.jpg

This runic inscription is found on a stone slab that was used in a grave. It is located near the church Maughold. The inscription is dated to the second half of the 12th century, and it was made by the same runemaster as Br Olsen;202B. On the stone can also be seen the first half of the Ogham alphabet.

File:Maughold Stone with Runes and Ogham - Maughold-Stein mit Runen und Ogham, Zeichnung.gif

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|(i)(u)an + brist + raisti + þasir + runur +¶ [f]uþor(k)(h)niastbml +

|Jóan {} prestr {} reisti {} þessar {} rúnar. {} {{angbr|fuþorkhniastbml}} {}

|"Jóan the priest carved these runes. Fuþorkhniastbml"Entry Br Olsen;202A in Rundata 2.0

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This inscription is found on a slab of stone that was used in a grave. It was discovered at the upper end of the Corna valley, but is now at the church Maughold. The short-twig inscription is dated to the second half of the 12th century and it was made by the same runemaster as Br Olsen;202A.

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|+ krisþ : malaki : ok baþr(i)k : (a)þ(a)(n)man {(×) ¶ ÷} [...nal] * sauþ * a... * iuan * brist * i kurnaþal *

|{} Kristr, {} Malaki {} ok Patrik. {} Adamnán {} ... {} ... {} ... {} Jóan {} prestr {} í Kornadal. {}

|"Christ, Malachi, and Patrick. Adamnán ... Joán the priest in Kornadalr."Entry Br Olsen;202B in Rundata 2.0

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This fragment of a stone cross was found in Ballagilley. It is now located at the church Maughold. It is dated to the Viking Age but only four runes remain of the inscription.Entry Br Olsen;205A in Rundata 2.0

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File:Isle of Man - Kirk Maughold - Manx Cross no 142 20240220.jpg

This inscription is dated to c. 1000 and found on a slab of stone that was used in a grave, and it is located at the church Maughold. The inscription is in long-branch runes, except for the s rune, and there is reason to believe that it was made by a visitor to the Isle of Man.

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|heþin : seti : krus : þino : eftir : tutur : sino ¶ lif... ¶ lifilt

|Heðinn {} setti {} kross {} þenna {} eptir {} dóttur {} sína {} Hlíf[hildi]. {} Hlífhildi.

|"Heðinn placed this cross in memory of his daughter Hlíf(hildr). Hlífhildr."

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|arni : risti : runar : þisar

|Árni {} risti {} rúnar {} þessar.

|"Árni carved these runes."

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|sikuþr

|Sigurðr.

|"Sigurðr."Entry Br Olsen;205B in Rundata 2.0

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This inscription is found on a slab of stone that was used in a grave. It is located in the Manx Museum. It is in short-twig runes and it is dated to the Viking Age. It was engraved in memory of a wife.

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|kuan sunr × mailb—ak... + kirþi + lik+tinn i(f)tir {+ ¶ +} kuina sina +

|{{angbr|kuan}}, sonr {} {{angbr|mailb---ak...}} {} gerði {} líkstein(?) eptir {} kona sína. {}

|"{{angbr|kuan}}, son of {{angbr|mailb---ak...}} made the tomb-stone(?) in memory of his wife."Entry Br Page1998;21 in Rundata 2.0

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File:Br Olsen;208A, Kirk Michael.jpg

This fragment of a stone cross is located in the church Kirk Michael. The inscription in short-twig runes is dated to the Viking Age.

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|... [kru](s) : þna : af[tir : ...]

|... kross {} þenna {} eptir {} ...

|"... this cross in memory of ..."Entry Br Olsen;208A in Rundata 2.0

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File:Br Olsen;208B, Kirk Michael.jpg

This stone cross is located in the church Kirk Michael, and it is dated to the Viking Age. The inscription is in short-twig runes and it was dedicated to a man while he was alive.

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|× mail:brikti : sunr : aþakans : smiþ : raisti : krus : þano : fur :¶ salu : sina : sin:bruku in : kaut ׶ kirþi : þano : auk ¶ ala : i maun ×

|{} Melbrigði, {} sonr {} Aðakáns {} Smiðs, {} reisti {} kross {} þenna {} fyr {} sálu {} sína {} synd...(?), en {} Gautr {} gerði {} þenna {} ok {} alla {} í Mǫn. {}

|"Melbrigði, the son of Aðakán the Smith, raised this cross for his sin ... soul, but Gautr made this and all in Man."Entry Br Olsen;208B in Rundata 2.0

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File:Br Olsen;215, Kirk Michael.jpg

This is an old Irish stone cross that received an inscription in long branch runes, and it was probably by a Danish visitor in the 11th century. There are ogham inscriptions on both sides.

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|mal:lymkun : raisti : krus : þena : efter : mal:mury : fustra : si(n)e : tot(o)r : tufkals : kona : is : aþisl : ati {+ ¶} ...etra : es : laifa : fustra : kuþan : þan : son : ilan +

|{{angbr|mallymkun}} {} reisti {} kross {} þenna {} eptir {} {{angbr|malmury}} {} fóstra {} sín, {} dóttir {} Dufgals, {} kona {} er {} Aðísl {} átti. {} Betra {} er {} leifa {} fóstra {} góðan {} en {} son {} illan. {}

|"{{angbr|Mallymkun}} raised this cross in memory of {{angbr|Malmury}}, his foster(-mother?), Dufgal's daughter, the wife whom Aðísl owned ({{=}} was married to). (It) is better to leave a good foster-son than a wretched son."Entry Br Olsen;215in Rundata 2.0

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File:Br Olsen;217A, Kirk Michael.jpg

This is a stone cross that is found in the church Michael. The inscription with short-twig runes was made in the second half of the 11th century.

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|[k](r)i(m) : risti : krus : þna : ift : rum(u)... ...

|Grímr {} reisti {} kross {} þenna {} ept {} Hróðmu[nd] ...

|"Grímr raised this cross in memory of Hróðmundr ... his ..."Entry Br Olsen;217A in Rundata 2.0

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File:Br Olsen;217B, Kirk Michael.jpg

This is a stone cross that is located in the church Michael. The inscription in short-twig runes was made in the 980s by a runemaster named Thorbjörn.

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|+ iualfir : sunr : þurulfs : hins : rauþa : ris(t)i : krus : þono : aft : friþu : muþur : sino +

|{} {{angbr|iualfir}}, {} sonr {} Þórulfs {} hins {} Rauða, {} reisti {} kross {} þenna {} ept {} Fríðu, {} móður {} sína. {}

|"{{angbr|iualfir}}, the son of Þórulfr the Red, raised this cross in memory of Fríða, his mother."Entry Br Olsen;217B in Rundata 2.0

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File:Br Olsen;218A , Kirk Michael.jpg

This stone cross is located in the church Michael. It was engraved with short-twig runes in the second half of the 10th century.

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|... (k)rims : ins : suarta ×

|... Gríms/...gríms {} hins {} Svarta. {}

|"... (of) Grímr/-grímr the Black."Entry Br Olsen;218A in Rundata 2.0

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This fragment of a stone cross is located in the church Kirk Michael. The inscription was made in short-twig runes between 930 and 950.

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|... runar ...

|... rúnar ...

|"... runes ..."Entry Br Olsen;218B in Rundata 2.0

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This fragment of a stone cross is located in the church Kirk Michael. The inscription was made during the Viking Age with short-twig runes.

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|... : [ai](f)(t)(i)(r) * (m)(u)... * (u)...

|... {} eptir {} {{angbr|mu-}} {} ...

|"... in memory of {{angbr|mu-}} ..."Entry Br Olsen;219 in Rundata 2.0

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• Picture stone

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• Barnes, M. P. (2012) [http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:616873/FULLTEXT01.pdf#page=3 'The Manx Runes and the Supposed Jæren Connection', Futhark, 3, pp. 59–80]
• Cumming, J. G. (1857) [https://archive.org/stream/runicothermonume00cummrich The Runic and Other Monumental Remains of the Isle of Man]
• Hunter, John. Ralston, Ian (1999). The Archaeology of Britain: An Introduction. Routledge. {{ISBN|0-415-13587-7}}
• {{Cite book |last=Kermode |first=Philip Moore C. |author-link=P. M. C. Kermode |title=Catalogue of the Manx Crosses with the Runic Inscriptions and Various Readings and Renderings |year=1892 |url=https://archive.org/stream/catalogueofmanxc00kermrich }}
• {{Cite book |last=Kermode |first=Philip Moore C.|title=Manx Crosses or The Inscribed and Sculptured Monuments of the Isle of Man From About the End of the Fifth to the Beginning of the Thirteenth Century|publisher=Elibron Classics |date=2005| orig-year=1907 |pages=188 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WirasDmT2C8C |isbn=1402192789 }} reprint of 1907 Bemrose ed.
• Page, R. I. (1983) "The Manx Rune-stones", in Parsons, D. (ed). (1995). Runes and Runic Inscriptions. The Boydell Press, Woodbridge.
• {{Cite book |last=Pluskowski |first=Aleks |editor-last=Bildhauer |editor-first=Bettina |editor2-last=Mills |editor2-first=Robert |contribution=Apocalyptic Monsters: Animal Inspirations for the Iconography of Medieval Northern Devourers |title=The Monstrous Middle Ages |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2004 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5M7JElJtK8AC |isbn=0-8020-8667-5}}
• Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. {{ISBN|0-304-34520-2}}
• Rundata 2.0

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Runestones

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Runestones

Category:Runestones in the United Kingdom