Maranao language

{{Short description|Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines}}

{{Multiple issues|

}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Maranao

| nativename = {{lang|mrw|Basa a Mëranaw}}
{{lang|mrw-Arab|باسا أ مراناو|rtl=yes}}

| pronunciation = {{IPA|mrw|ˈməranaw|}}

| map = Maranao language map.png

| mapcaption = Area where Maranao is spoken

| states = Philippines

| region = Lanao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Northwest Bukidnon, Northwest Maguindanao del Norte, Northwest Cotabato, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Zamboanga, Davao, Cebu, Ilocos, Quiapo, Manila and Sabah, Malaysia

| ethnicity = Maranao

| dia1 = Iranaon (People of the Lake)

| dia2 = Iranun (Southern Lanao, Maguindanao del Norte & Sabah)

| dia3 = Mëragatën (Illana Bay)

| dia4 = Bolokaon (Sultan Gumander)

| speakers = {{circa|2.5}} Millions

| date =

| ref = {{Cite web |url=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/PHIILIPPINES_FINAL%20PDF.pdf |title=2020 Census of Population and Housing, Report No. 2A - Demographic and Housing Characteristics (Non-Sample Variables) |language=en |access-date=2022-05-02}}

| familycolor = Austronesian

| fam2 = Malayo-Polynesian

| fam3 = Philippine

| fam4 = Greater Central Philippine

| fam5 = Danao

| script = Latin;
Historically written in Jawi (Batang Arab){{Cite web|title=Maranao Language and Alphabet|url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/maranao.htm|access-date=2025-01-09|website=Omniglot}}

| nation = Regional language in the Philippines

| agency = Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino

| iso3 = mrw

| glotto = mara1404

| glottorefname = Maranao

}}

Maranao ({{langx|fil|Wikang Mëranaw}}{{refn|Mëranaw is the spelling recommended by the Commission on the Filipino Language{{Cite book |last=Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino |url=http://www.kwf.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/Ortograpiyang-Pambansa1.pdf |title=Ortograpiyang Pambansa |language=fil |trans-title=National Orthography |access-date=2013-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012055004/http://www.kwf.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/Ortograpiyang-Pambansa1.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-12 |url-status=dead |date=2013}}}}; Jawi: {{lang|mrw-Arab|باسا أ مراناو|rtl=yes}}), sometimes spelled as Maranaw, Meranaw or Mëranaw, is an Austronesian language spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte and their respective cities of Marawi and Iligan located in the Philippines, as well found also in Sabah, Malaysia. It is spoken among the Moros within the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.

It is more closer to Iranun than to Maguindanao within the Danao subgroup.

Distribution

File:Provincia de Maranao.JPG

: Maranao is spoken in the following provinces of:

• Entire Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte

• Northwestern municipalities of Maguindanao del Norte: Barira, Buldon, Parang, Matanog, Sultan Mastura, and Sultan Kudarat

• Northwestern municipalities of Cotabato: Alamada, Banisilan, Carmen, Libungan, and Pigcawayan

• Northwestern municipalities of Bukidnon:Talakag and Kalilangan

• Small parts in the coast of Zamboanga del SurEthnologue

: all of which are located within the island of Mindanao in southern Philippines.

Writing system

Maranao was historically written in Perso-Arabic letters called Jawi, which were known as Batang-a-Arab or Batang Arab. It is now written with Latin letters.{{Cite web |title=Maranao Language and Alphabet |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/maranao.htm |access-date=2018-09-23 |website=Omniglot}} Though there is no officially proclaimed standard orthography, Maranao is more or less written as influenced by contemporary Filipino conventions. The following are the letters used in writing out native words:

A, B, D, E, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, NG, O, P, R, S, T, U, W, Y {{Cite web |last=Rubino |first=Carl |title=Maranao |url=http://iloko.tripod.com/Maranao.htm |website=iloko.tripod.com |language=en}}

In general, double vowels are pronounced separately, for example, {{Lang|mrw|kapaar}} is pronounced as {{IPA|/kapaʔaɾ/}}.

The final {{IPA|/w/}} sound in diphthongs and "w" were marked with "-o" in older orthographies, as in other Philippine languages, but both are nowadays spelled as "w". Also, "i" was used in older orthographies to transcribe {{IPA|/j/}}, which is currently spelled as "Y".

"H" is only used for Malay loanwords, and "sh" (pronounced as {{IPA|/ʃ/}}) is normally used for Arabic loanwords and names such as {{Lang|mrw|Ishak}} (Isaac).

"Di" or "j" are used to transcribe the {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}} sound, such as radia/{{Lang|mrw|raja}} (from the Sanskrit word for 'king', "Rāja") or the English name John.

In representing the mid central vowel (or schwa) {{IPA|/ə/}}, different authors have employed various means to represent this sound (e.g. "E" or "U"). In social media, speakers use either of the two letters or just leave it blank (e.g. {{Lang|mrw|saken}} can also be spelled {{Lang|mrw|sakn}} and {{Lang|mrw|sakun}} on the internet). Meanwhile, the Commission on the Filipino Language recommends spelling this sound using "Ë" for different Philippine languages in its 2013 Ortograpiyang Pambansa.

In a revised Maranao Dictionary by McKaughan and Macaraya in 1996,{{Cite book |last=McKaughan |first=Howard P. |url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED013450.pdf |title=A Maranao Dictionary |last2=Macaraya |first2=Batua A. |date=1967 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |location=Honolulu |language=en}} the digraph "'ae" was introduced and used to represent the supposed presence of the vowel {{IPA|/ɨ/}}. However, analysis by Lobel (2009,{{Cite journal |last=Lobel |first=Jason William |last2=Riwarung |first2=Labi Hadji Sarip |date=2009 |title=Maranao Revisited: An Overlooked Consonant Contrast and its Implications for Lexicography and Grammar |journal=Oceanic Linguistics |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=403–438 |doi=10.1353/ol.0.0040 |jstor=40783537 |s2cid=145549504}} 2013) showed that this may actually be an allophone of {{IPA|/ə/}} after hard consonants. McKaughan and Macaraya also used "q" for the glottal stop regardless of position. Diphthongs such as {{IPA|[aw, aj, oi]}} were spelled as "ao, ai, oi".

The orthography used in the study by Lobel (2009) was the one developed by Aleem Abdulmajeed Ansano of Taraka (1943–2008), Senator Ahmad Domocao "Domie" Alonto of Ramain (1914– 2002), and Shaiekh Abdul Azis Guroalim Saromantang of Tugaya (1923–2003). In this orthography, the "hard consonants" {{IPA|/pʰ, tʰ, kʰ, sʰ/}} are written as "ph, th, kh, z".

Phonology

Below is the sound system of Maranao including underlying phonetic features.{{Cite thesis |last=Lobel |first=Jason William |title=Philippine and North Bornean Languages: Issues in Description, Subgrouping, and Reconstruction |date=2013 |type=Ph.D. dissertation |publisher=University of Hawaii at Manoa |url=http://www.ling.hawaii.edu/graduate/Dissertations/JasonLobelFinal.pdf |language=en}}

=Vowels=

Maranao has four vowel phonemes that can become more close or higher when in certain environments (see hard consonants below). The vowel raising effects of hard consonants may have led earlier studies to Although previous studies have analyzed the {{IPA|[ɨ]}} sound as a separate phoneme (written with ae) instead of a raised allophone of {{IPA|/ə/}}.

class="wikitable"

|+caption |

Vowels

style="text-align:center;"

! Front

! Central

! Back

style="text-align:center;"

!Close

| /{{IPA link|i}}/

[{{IPA link|ɪ}} ~ {{IPA link|i}}]

style="text-align:center;"

! Mid

| /{{IPA link|ə}}/

[{{IPA link|ə}} ~ {{IPA link|ɨ}}]

| /{{IPA link|o}}/

[{{IPA link|o}} ~ {{IPA link|u}}]

style="text-align:center;"

! Open

| /{{IPA link|a}}/

[{{IPA link|a}} ~ {{IPA link|ɤ}}]

Vowel [e] only occurs in loanwords from Spanish through Tagalog or Cebuano and from Malay.

=Consonants=

According to Lobel (2013), Maranao has the following consonants:

class="wikitable" \|+caption \| Consonants
colspan=2\| !Bilabial !Dental !Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Glottal
colspan=2 \| Nasal \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|m}} \| \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|n}} \| \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|ŋ}} \|
rowspan=3 \| Stop ! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" \| Voiceless \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|p}} \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|t}} \| \| \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|k}} \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|ʔ}}
style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" \|Heavy \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|pʰ}} \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|tʰ}} \| \| \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|kʰ}} \|
style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" \|Voiced \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|b}} \| \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|d}} \| \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|ɡ}} \|
rowspan=2 \| Fricative ! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" \|Voiceless \| \| \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|s}} \| \| \|
style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" \|Heavy \| \| \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|sʰ}} \| \| \|align="center"\|({{IPA link\|h}})
colspan=2 \| Flap \| \| \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|ɾ}} \| \| \|
colspan=2 \| Lateral \| \| \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|l}} \| \| \|
colspan=2 \| Approximant \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|w}} \| \| \|align="center"\|{{IPA link\|j}} \| \|

class="wikitable"

|+caption |

Consonants

colspan=2|

colspan=2 | Nasal

|align="center"|{{IPA link|m}}

|align="center"|{{IPA link|n}}

|align="center"|{{IPA link|ŋ}}

rowspan=3 | Stop

! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" | Voiceless

|align="center"|{{IPA link|p}}

|align="center"|{{IPA link|t}}

|align="center"|{{IPA link|k}}

|align="center"|{{IPA link|ʔ}}

style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |Heavy

|align="center"|{{IPA link|pʰ}}

|align="center"|{{IPA link|tʰ}}

|align="center"|{{IPA link|kʰ}}

style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |Voiced

|align="center"|{{IPA link|b}}

|align="center"|{{IPA link|d}}

|align="center"|{{IPA link|ɡ}}

rowspan=2 | Fricative

! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |Voiceless

|align="center"|{{IPA link|s}}

style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |Heavy

|align="center"|{{IPA link|sʰ}}

|align="center"|({{IPA link|h}})

colspan=2 | Flap

|align="center"|{{IPA link|ɾ}}

colspan=2 | Lateral

|align="center"|{{IPA link|l}}

colspan=2 | Approximant

|align="center"|{{IPA link|w}}

|align="center"|{{IPA link|j}}

In Maranao, {{IPA|/ʔ/}} is not phonemic word-initially (similar to non-Philippine English). Hence, {{Lang|mrw|layok aken}} ('friend of mine') is smoothly pronounced {{IPA|[la.jo.ka.kən]|lang=mrw}}.

Since the heavy consonants developed from consonant clusters, they are only found word-medially.

Orthography-wise, "r" is used for {{IPA|/ɾ/}}, "y" is used for {{IPA|/j/}}, and "ng" is used for {{IPA|/ŋ/}}

==Fricative [h]==

According to Lobel (2013), {{IPA|[h]}} only occurs in a few recent Malay loanwords:

{{lang|mrw|tohan}} 'God'
{{lang|mrw|tahon}} 'astrological sign'
{{lang|mrw|hadapan}} 'in front (of God)'

Earlier Arabic loanwords with "h" that entered Proto-Danao or earlier Maranao were realized as k.

{{lang|mrw|kalal}} 'halal (anything permissible in Islam)'
{{lang|mrw|karam}} 'haram (anything not permissible in Islam)',
{{lang|mrw|kadî}} 'hadji (title for a man who has made the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca)'
{{lang|mrw|Kadis}} 'Hadith'

==Consonant elongation==

Consonants are also pronounced longer if preceded with a schwa {{IPA|/ə/}}. However, this process is not a form of gemination since consonant elongation in Maranao is not distinctive as seen in other Philippine languages such as Ilokano and Ibanag. Some of these are:

{{lang|mrw|tepad}} {{IPA|[təpːad]|lang=mrw}} 'get off a vehicle'
{{lang|mrw|tekaw}} {{IPA|[təkːaw]|lang=mrw}} 'startled; surprised'

== Hard consonants and vowel raising ==

Since 2009, it has been proposed that previous studies on the phonology of Maranao had overlooked the presence of "heavy" consonants,{{Cite journal |last=Lobel |first=Jason William |last2=Riwarung |first2=Labi Hadji Sarip |date=2011 |title=Maranao: A Preliminary Phonological Sketch With Supporting Audio |journal=Language Documentation & Conservation |language=en |volume=5 |pages=31–59 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10125/4487}} these four "heavy" consonants being {{IPA|/p’ t’ k’ s’/}}. Vowels that follow these consonants are raised in position.

File:Mrw4.svgThere are four possible environments for that determine whether the vowel will be raised or not:

Non-raising – {{IPA|/p t k s m n ŋ r w y/}}
Obligatory raising – {{IPA|/p’ t’ k’ s’ (h)/}}
* {{lang|mrw|Tohan}} is pronounced as {{IPA|[t̪o.hɤn]|lang=mrw}} instead of {{IPA|[to.han]|lang=mrw}}
Optional raising – {{IPA|/b d g/}}
* Evidenced by some younger speakers writing {{lang|mrw|gagaan}} as {{lang|mrw|gegaan}}.
Transparent – {{IPA|/l ʔ/}} – the raising from the consonant before it will "pass through" and affect the following vowel.

Similar vowel raising can be also found in Madurese.

== Historical development ==

Consonant cluster homogenization occurred in earlier Danao and Subanon, where the articulations of the first consonant followed that of the second (Ex: *-gp- > *-bp-).

A study by Allison{{Cite book |last=Allison |first=E. Joe |title=Papers in Philippine Linguistics No. 10 |date=1979 |publisher=The Australian National University |editor-last=Gallman |editor-first=A. |series=Pacific Linguistics Series A – No. 55 |location=Canberra |pages=53–112 |chapter=Proto-Danaw: A Comparative Study of Maranaw, Magindanaw, and Iranun |doi=10.15144/PL-A55.53 |editor-last2=Allison |editor-first2=E. |editor-last3=Harmon |editor-first3=C. |editor-last4=Witucki |editor-first4=J. |doi-access=free}} noted that Proto-Danao *b, *d, g* were lost in modern Maranao when found before other consonants with the same place of articulation (Ex: *bp > *p), but preserved elsewehere.

Lobel noted that this sound change actually resulted in two features of Maranao phonology: heavy consonants and raised vowels (*{{IPA|[-bpa-]}} > {{IPA|[-pʰɤ-]}}). Aspirated consonants also developed in a similar way in Southern (Lapuyan) Subanon, but without the vowel-raising.

class="wikitable"

|+Sound changes

!Proto-Greater Central Philippine

!Proto-Danao

!Maguindanaon

!Maranao

*-gp-, *-dp-, *-bp-

|*-bp-

| -bp-

| -ph-

*-gt-, *-dt-, *-bt-

|*-dt-

| -dt-

| -th-

*-gs-, *-ds-, *-bs-

|*-ds-

| -ds-

| -z- [sʰ]

*-gk-, *-dk-, *-bk-

|*-gk-

| -gk-

| -kh-

Grammar

= Case markers =

In contrast to Tagalog which has three case markers ({{lang|tl|ang/ng/sa}}), and Iloko which has two ({{lang|ilo|ti/iti}}), Maranao has four: ({{lang|mrw|so/ko/o/sa}}).

class="wikitable" \|+Maranao Case Markers{{Cite book \|last=Alonto \|first=Almahdi G. \|title=Maranao Dialogs and Drills \|last2=Adam \|first2=Abdullah B. \|last3=Zorc \|first3=R. David \|date=2009 \|publisher=Dunwoody Press \|isbn=978-1-931546-65-2 \|editor-last=Lobel \|editor-first=Jason \|location=Hyattsville, Md. \|language=en}} ! ! colspan="2" \|Common ! colspan="2" \|Personal
Case !Indefinite !Definite !Singular !Plural
Nominative (Subject) \|{{Lang\|mrw\|so}} \|{{Lang\|mrw\|i}} \|{{Lang\|mrw\|si}} \|{{Lang\|mrw\|siki}}
Ergative (Direct Object) \| rowspan="2" \|{{Lang\|mrw\|sa}} \|{{Lang\|mrw\|o}} \|{{Lang\|mrw\|i}} \|{{Lang\|mrw\|i kisi}}
Oblique/Locative (Benefactor/Location) Genitive (Possessive) \|{{Lang\|mrw\|ko}} \|{{Lang\|mrw\|ki}} \|{{Lang\|mrw\|sa kisi}}

class="wikitable"

|+Maranao Case Markers{{Cite book |last=Alonto |first=Almahdi G. |title=Maranao Dialogs and Drills |last2=Adam |first2=Abdullah B. |last3=Zorc |first3=R. David |date=2009 |publisher=Dunwoody Press |isbn=978-1-931546-65-2 |editor-last=Lobel |editor-first=Jason |location=Hyattsville, Md. |language=en}}

! colspan="2" |Common

! colspan="2" |Personal

Case

!Indefinite

!Definite

!Singular

!Plural

Nominative

(Subject)

|{{Lang|mrw|so}}

|{{Lang|mrw|i}}

|{{Lang|mrw|si}}

|{{Lang|mrw|siki}}

Ergative

(Direct Object)

| rowspan="2" |{{Lang|mrw|sa}}

|{{Lang|mrw|o}}

|{{Lang|mrw|i}}

|{{Lang|mrw|i kisi}}

Oblique/Locative

(Benefactor/Location)

Genitive

(Possessive)

|{{Lang|mrw|ko}}

|{{Lang|mrw|ki}}

|{{Lang|mrw|sa kisi}}

Curiously, the {{Lang|mrw|sa}} is indefinite in Maranao, whereas it is definite/specific in Cebuano and Tagalog.

= Pronouns =

Maranao pronouns can be free or bound to the word/morpheme before it.{{Cite book |last=Kaufman |first=Daniel |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/13/07/70/130770395534694674649839873268234450496/20_Kaufman_McKaughan2010.pdf |title=Piakandatu Ami: Dr. Howard P. McKaughan |date=2010 |publisher=Linguistic Society of the Philippines and SIL Philippines |isbn=978-971-780-026-4 |editor-last=Billings |editor-first=Loren |location=Manila |pages=132–157 |language=en |chapter=The Grammar of Clitics in Maranao |editor-last2=Goudswaard |editor-first2=Nelleke |via=SIL}}

class="wikitable"

!Meaning

!Nominative

(free)

!Nominative

(bound)

!Genitive/Ergative

(bound)

!Oblique

(free)

|{{Lang|mrw|saken}}

|{{Lang|mrw|(a)ko}}

|{{Lang|mrw|aken}}

|{{Lang|mrw|raken}}

you (singular)

|{{Lang|mrw|seka}}

|{{Lang|mrw|ka}}

|{{Lang|mrw|(ng)ka}}{{efn-la|May actually be {{Lang|mrw|eka}}, and assimilates with the vowel before it, as in {{Lang|mrw|batî ika}} {{IPA|[ba.ti.ʔ=i.ka]|lang=mrw}} 'your brother-in-law', and {{Lang|mrw|babô oka}} {{IPA|[bɤ.bu.ʔ=u. ka]|lang=mrw}} 'your aunt'.

}}

|{{Lang|mrw|reka}}

he/she/it

|{{Lang|mrw|sekaniyan}}

|{{Lang|mrw|(n)iyan}}

|{{Lang|mrw|rekaniyan}}

we (dual)

|{{Lang|mrw|sekta}}

|{{Lang|mrw|ta}}

|{{Lang|mrw|rekta}}

we (including you)

|{{Lang|mrw|sektano}}

|{{Lang|mrw|tano}}

|{{Lang|mrw|rektano}}

we (excluding you)

|{{Lang|mrw|sekami}}

|{{Lang|mrw|kami}}

|{{Lang|mrw|(a)mi}}

|{{Lang|mrw|rekami}}

you (plural)

|{{Lang|mrw|sekano}}

|{{Lang|mrw|kano}}

|{{Lang|mrw|(n)iyo}}

|{{Lang|mrw|rekano}}

they

|{{Lang|mrw|siran}}

|{{Lang|mrw|(i)ran}}

|{{Lang|mrw|kiran}}

= Common words =

Below are common words found in Maranao sentences, their translations in English, Cebuano, and Tagalog, and similar words in distant Philippine languages.

class="wikitable"

!Maranao

!Cebuano

!Tagalog

!Other PH regional language or dialect

!English

|{{Lang|ceb|kay}}

|{{Lang|tl|ay}}

|is

|{{Lang|ceb|dayon}}

|{{Lang|tl|tápos}}

|ampa (Tausug)

|then

|{{Lang|ceb|nga}}

|{{Lang|tl|na}}

|that is

|{{Lang|ceb|buok}}

|{{Lang|tl|piraso}}

|piece

|{{Lang|ceb|na}}

|{{Lang|tl|na}}

|{{Lang|krj|ren}} (Kinaray-a)

|already

|{{Lang|ceb|pa}}

|{{Lang|tl|pa}}

|will, soon

|{{Lang|ceb|dili}}

|{{Lang|tl|hindi}}

|di' (Tausug)

|won't, isn't

|{{Lang|ceb|wala}}

|{{Lang|tl|hindi}}

|wala' (Tausug)

|didn't

|{{Lang|ceb|wala}}

|{{Lang|tl|wala}}

|way/waruun (Tausug)

|nothing

|{{Lang|ceb|adunay}}

|{{Lang|tl|mayroon}}

|awn (Tausug), adda (Ilocano)

|there is...

|{{Lang|ceb|mao}}

|{{Lang|bcl|iyo}} (Bikol-Naga)

|it is such

|{{Lang|ceb|ug}}

|{{Lang|tl|at}}

|iban (Tausug)

|and

|{{Lang|ceb|kon}}, {{Lang|ceb|o}}

|{{Lang|tl|o}}

|atawa (Tausug)

|or

|{{Lang|ceb|apan}}, {{Lang|ceb|pero}}

|{{Lang|tl|ngunit}}, {{Lang|tl|subalit}}, {{Lang|tl|pero}}

|sa'/sagawa'/saga'/ malayngkan (Tausug)

|however, but

|dili pud, dili sab

|hindi rin

|bukun isab/bukun sab (Tausug)

|nor (?)

|{{Lang|ceb|tanan}}

|{{Lang|tl|lahat}}

|katān (Tausug)

|all

imanto

|karon

|ngayon

|bihaun (Tausug)

|now

oway

|oo

|oo/opo

|huun (Tausug)

|yes

sabap

|tungod, kay

|dahil, kasi

|sabab, kalna' or karna' (Tausug)

|because

seda

|isda

|ista' (Tausug)

|fish

sapi'

|baka

|sapi' (Maguindanaon & Tausug)

|cow

pagari

|igsuon

|kapatid

|langgung, taymanghud (Tausug)

|sibling

bago

|bag-o

|bago

|bagu (Tausug), baro (Ilocano)

|new

tahon

|tuig

|taon

|tahun (Tausug)

|year

koda'

|kabayo

|kura' (Tausug)

|horse

sorab

|suwab

|talim

|sulab (Tausug)

|blade

doniya'

|kalibotan

|mundo

|duniya' (Tausug)

|world

dalendeg

|dalugdog

|kulog

|dawgdug (Tausug)

|thunder

sorga'

|langit

|sulga' (Tausug)

|heaven

narka', diyahanam

|impyerno

|nalka'/narka', jahanam (Tausug)

|hell

mataed

|nindot, tsada

|maganda

|malingkat (Tausug)

|nice, elegant

otin

|utin, tintin

|titi, uten

|utin (Tausug)

|male genitalia, penis

papanok

|langgam

|ibon

|manuk-manuk (Tausug)

|bird

diyandi'

|kasabotan, saad

|kasunduuan, pangako

|janji' (Tausug)

|agreement, promise

ngaran

|ngalan

|ngalan/pangalan

|ngān (Tausug)

nagan (Ilocano)

|name

== Sample texts ==

= Universal Declaration of Human Rights =

Maranao:

{{font color | red | Langon a taw}} {{font color | orange | na inimbawata}} {{font color | #880 | a ndudon so kapaar}} {{font color | #cc0 |ago ndatadatar}} {{font color | yellowgreen |sa bantogan ago kabnar}}. {{font color | forestgreen | Bigan}} {{font color | teal | siran}} {{font color | #008 | sa kabnar ago gagaw}} {{font color | #80f | na aya patot a di kapakasusurota}} {{font color | magenta | o omani isa}} {{font color | #f08 | ko kapakiphapagariya.}}

Cebuano:

{{font color | red | Ang tanáng tawo}} {{font color | orange | kay gipakatawo}} {{font color | #880 | nga may kagawasan}} {{font color | #cc0 | ug managsama}} {{font color | yellowgreen | sa kaligdong}}. {{font color | teal | Silá}} {{font color | forestgreen | gigasahan}} {{font color | #008 | og pangisip ug tanlag}} {{font color | #80f | ug mag-ilhanáy}} {{font color | magenta | sa usá'g usá}} {{font color | #f08| sa diwà managsoon.}}

Tagalog:

{{font color|red|Ang lahát ng tao'y}} {{font color|orange|isinilang}} {{font color|#880|na malayà}} {{font color|#cc0|at pantáy-pantáy}} {{font color|yellowgreen|sa karangalan at mga karapatán}}. {{font color|teal|Silá'y}} {{font color|forestgreen|pinagkalooban}} {{font color|#008|ng katwiran at budhî}} {{font color|#80f|at dapat magpalagayan}} {{font color|magenta|ang isa't isá}} {{font color|#f08|sa diwà ng pagkákápatiran.}}

English:

{{font color | red | All human beings}} {{font color | orange | are born}} {{font color | #880 | free}} {{font color | #cc0 | and equal}} {{font color | yellowgreen | in dignity and rights}}. {{font color | teal | They}} {{font color | forestgreen | are endowed}} {{font color | #008 | with reason and conscience}} {{font color | #80f | and should act}} {{font color | magenta | towards one another}} {{font color | #f08| in a spirit of brotherhood.}}

= Noun phrases =

These phrases were taken from Alonto's Maranao Drills.

Legend: {{font color|#f00|topic}}, {{font color|#00f|direct object}}, {{font color|#080|indirect object}}, {{font color|#80f|possessive}}, {{font color|#880|verb}}

class="wikitable"

Topic

!Maranao

!Cebuano

!English

|{{font color|#880|Gapalít}} {{font color|#f00|ang babaye}} {{font color|#00f|og isdà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|The woman}} {{font color|#880|is buying}} {{font color|#00f|fish.}}

|{{font color|#880|Gapalít}} {{font color|#f00|si Rocaya}} {{font color|#00f|og isdà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|Rocaya}} {{font color|#880|is buying}} {{font color|#00f|fish.}}

|{{font color|#880|Gapalít}} {{font color|#f00|siláng Tearde}} {{font color|#00f|og isdà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|Tearde and friends}} {{font color|#880|are buying}} {{font color|#00f|fish.}}

|{{font color|#880|Gapalít}} {{font color|#f00|ko}} {{font color|#00f|og isdà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|I}} {{font color|#880|am buying}} {{font color|#00f|fish.}}

|{{font color|#880|Gapalít}} {{font color|#f00|ka}} {{font color|#00f|og isdà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|You}} {{font color|#880|are buying}} {{font color|#00f|fish.}}

|{{font color|#880|Gapalít}} {{font color|#f00|silá}} {{font color|#00f|og isdà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|He/she}} {{font color|#880|is buying}} {{font color|#00f|fish.}}

|{{font color|#880|Gapalít}} {{font color|#f00|tang duhá}} {{font color|#00f|og isdà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|You and I}} {{font color|#880|are buying}} {{font color|#00f|fish.}}

|{{font color|#880|Gapalít}} {{font color|#f00|ta}} {{font color|#00f|og isdà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|We (all of us)}} {{font color|#880|are buying}} {{font color|#00f|fish.}}

|{{font color|#880|Gapalít}} {{font color|#f00|kamí}} {{font color|#00f|og isdà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|We (excl. you)}} {{font color|#880|are buying}} {{font color|#00f|fish.}}

|{{font color|#880|Gapalít}} {{font color|#f00|kitá}} {{font color|#00f|og isdà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|We (incl. you)}} {{font color|#880|are buying}} {{font color|#00f|fish.}}

|{{font color|#880|Gapalít}} {{font color|#f00|silá}} {{font color|#00f|og isdà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|They}} {{font color|#880|are buying}} {{font color|#00f|fish.}}

|{{font color|#880|Gapalít}} {{font color|#f00|ni siyá}} {{font color|#00f|og isdà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|This guy}} {{font color|#880|are buying}} {{font color|#00f|fish.}}

|{{font color|#880|Gapalít}} {{font color|#f00|nâ siyá}} {{font color|#00f|og isdà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|That guy near you}} {{font color|#880|is buying}} {{font color|#00f|fish.}}

|{{font color|#880|Gapalít}} {{font color|#f00|kató siyá}} {{font color|#00f|og isdà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|That guy over there}} {{font color|#880|is buying}} {{font color|#00f|fish.}}

class="wikitable"

Possessive

!Maranao

!Cebuano

!English

|{{font color|#880|Mahál}} {{font color|#f00|ang saninà}} {{font color|#80f|sa maestra.}}

|{{font color|#80f|The teacher's}} {{font color|#f00|clothes}} {{font color|#880|are expensive.}}

|{{font color|#880|Mahál}} {{font color|#f00|ang saninà}} {{font color|#80f|ni Akmad.}}

|{{font color|#80f|Akmad's}} {{font color|#f00|clothes}} {{font color|#880|are expensive.}}

|{{font color|#880|Mahál}} {{font color|#f00|ang saninà}} {{font color|#80f|niláng Akmad.}}

|{{font color|#80f|Akmad and co.'s}} {{font color|#f00|clothes}} {{font color|#880|are expensive.}}

|{{font color|#880|Mahál}} {{font color|#f00|ang saninà}} {{font color|#80f|nakò.}}

|{{font color|#80f|My}} {{font color|#f00|clothes}} {{font color|#880|are expensive.}}

|{{font color|#880|Mahál}} {{font color|#f00|ang saninà}} {{font color|#80f|nimo.}}

|{{font color|#80f|Your}} {{font color|#f00|clothes}} {{font color|#880|are expensive.}}

|{{font color|#880|Mahál}} {{font color|#f00|ang saninà}} {{font color|#80f|niya.}}

|{{font color|#80f|His/her}} {{font color|#f00|clothes}} {{font color|#880|are expensive.}}

|{{font color|#880|Mahál}} {{font color|#f00|ang saninà}} {{font color|#80f|natong duhá.}}

|{{font color|#80f|Our (you and me)}} {{font color|#f00|clothes}} {{font color|#880|are expensive.}}

|{{font color|#880|Mahál}} {{font color|#f00|ang saninà}} {{font color|#80f|natò.}}

|{{font color|#80f|Our (all of us)}} {{font color|#f00|clothes}} {{font color|#880|are expensive.}}

|{{font color|#880|Mahál}} {{font color|#f00|ang saninà}} {{font color|#80f|namò.}}

|{{font color|#80f|Our (excl. you)}} {{font color|#f00|clothes}} {{font color|#880|are expensive.}}

|{{font color|#880|Mahál}} {{font color|#f00|ang saninà}} {{font color|#80f|ninyo}}

|{{font color|#80f|Our (incl. you)}} {{font color|#f00|clothes}} {{font color|#880|are expensive.}}

|{{font color|#880|Mahál}} {{font color|#f00|ang saninà}} {{font color|#80f|nila.}}

|{{font color|#80f|Their}} {{font color|#f00|clothes}} {{font color|#880|are expensive.}}

|{{font color|#880|Mahál}} {{font color|#f00|ni}} {{font color|#f80|nga sanina.}}

|{{font color|#f00|This}} {{font color|#f80|clothing}} {{font color|#880|is expensive.}}

|{{font color|#880|Mahál}} {{font color|#f00|nâ}} {{font color|#f80|nga saninà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|That (with you)}} {{font color|#f80|clothing}} {{font color|#880|is expensive.}}

|{{font color|#880|Mahál}} {{font color|#f00|to}} {{font color|#f80|nga saninà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|That (over there)}} {{font color|#f80|clothing}} {{font color|#880|is expensive.}}

class="wikitable"

Referent

!Maranao

!Cebuano

!English

|{{font color|#880|Miadto}} {{font color|#f00|ang mangingisdà}} {{font color|#080|sa maistra.}}

|{{font color|#f00|The fisherman}} {{font color|#880|went}} {{font color|#080|to the teacher.}}

|{{font color|#880|Miadto}} {{font color|#f00|ang mangingisdà}} {{font color|#080|kang Akmad.}}

|{{font color|#f00|The fisherman}} {{font color|#880|went}} {{font color|#080|to Akmad.}}

|{{font color|#880|Miadto}} {{font color|#f00|ang mangingisdà}} {{font color|#080|ilang Akmad.}}

|{{font color|#f00|The fisherman}} {{font color|#880|went}} {{font color|#080|to Akmad and family/friends.}}

|{{font color|#880|Miadto}} {{font color|#f00|ang mangingisdà}} {{font color|#080|sa akoa.}}

|{{font color|#f00|The fisherman}} {{font color|#880|went}} {{font color|#080|to me.}}

|{{font color|#880|Miadto}} {{font color|#f00|ang mangingisdà}} {{font color|#080|sa imoha.}}

|{{font color|#f00|The fisherman}} {{font color|#880|went}} {{font color|#080|to you.}}

|{{font color|#880|Miadto}} {{font color|#f00|ang mangingisdà}} {{font color|#080|sa iyaha.}}

|{{font color|#f00|The fisherman}} {{font color|#880|went}} {{font color|#080|to him/her.}}

|{{font color|#880|Miadto}} {{font color|#f00|ang mangingisdà}} {{font color|#080|sa atoa.}}

|{{font color|#f00|The fisherman}} {{font color|#880|went}} {{font color|#080|to us.}}

|{{font color|#880|Miadto}} {{font color|#f00|ang mangingisdà}} {{font color|#080|sa amoa.}}

|{{font color|#f00|The fisherman}} {{font color|#880|went}} {{font color|#080|to ours.}}

|{{font color|#880|Miadto}} {{font color|#f00|ang mangingisdà}} {{font color|#080|sa inyoha.}}

|{{font color|#f00|The fisherman}} {{font color|#880|went}} {{font color|#080|to yours.}}

|{{font color|#880|Miadto}} {{font color|#f00|ang mangingisdà}} {{font color|#080|sa ilaha.}}

|{{font color|#f00|The fisherman}} {{font color|#880|went}} {{font color|#080|to their house.}}

|{{font color|#880|Miadto}} {{font color|#f00|ang mangingisda}} {{font color|#080|dirí/dinhí.}}

|{{font color|#f00|The fisherman}} {{font color|#880|went}} {{font color|#080|here.}}

|{{font color|#880|Miadto}} {{font color|#f00|ang mangingisdà}} {{font color|#080|dirâ/dinhâ.}}

|{{font color|#f00|The fisherman}} {{font color|#880|went}} {{font color|#080|there (near you).}}

|{{font color|#880|Miadto}} {{font color|#f00|ang mangingisdà}} {{font color|#080|didto/diadto.}}

|{{font color|#f00|The fisherman}} {{font color|#880|went}} {{font color|#080|there (far away).}}

= Time and Space =

class="wikitable"

Time

!Maranao

!Cebuano

!English

rowspan="2" |{{font color|#f08|Anda}} {{font color|#f00|i kiyapakaoma}} {{font color|#80f|ngka}} {{font color|#080|sa Marawi?}}

|{{font color|#f08|Anus-a}}{{font color|#f00|'y balik}} {{font color|#80f|nimo}} {{font color|#080|sa Marawi?}} (Literal)

|{{font color|#f08|When was}} {{font color|#80f|your}} {{font color|#f00|arrival}} {{font color|#080|in Marawi?}} (Literal)

Kanus-a ra ka mibalik og Marawi? (Actual)

|When did you arrive here in Marawi? (Actual)

|{{font color|#808|Atóng miaging}} {{font color|#f00|Lunes.}}

|{{font color|#808|Last}} {{font color|#f00|Monday.}}

|{{font color|#808|Atóng miaging}} {{font color|#f00|Martes.}}

|{{font color|#808|Last}} {{font color|#f00|Tuesday.}}

|{{font color|#808|Atóng miaging}} {{font color|#f00|Mirkules.}}

|{{font color|#808|Last}} {{font color|#f00|Wednesday.}}

|{{font color|#808|Atóng miaging}} {{font color|#f00|Huybes.}}

|{{font color|#808|Last}} {{font color|#f00|Thursday.}}

|{{font color|#808|Atóng miaging}} {{font color|#f00|Biyernes.}}

|{{font color|#808|Last}} {{font color|#f00|Friday.}}

|{{font color|#808|Atóng miaging}} {{font color|#f00|Sabado.}}

|{{font color|#808|Last}} {{font color|#f00|Saturday.}}

|{{font color|#808|Atóng miaging}} {{font color|#f00|Dominggo.}}

|{{font color|#808|Last}} {{font color|#f00|Sunday.}}

rowspan="2" |{{font color|#f08|Antonaa oras}} {{font color|#f00|i kiyasong}} {{font color|#80f|ka}} {{font color|#080|sa sine?}}

|{{font color|#f08|Unsa nga oras}} {{font color|#f00|ang pag-adto}} {{font color|#80f|nimo}} {{font color|#080|sa sinehán?}} (Literal)

|{{font color|#f08|What time was}} {{font color|#80f|your}} {{font color|#f00|travel}} {{font color|#080|to the movies?}}(Literal)

Unsang orasa ka miadto sa sinehán? (Actual)

|What time did you go to the movies? (Actual)

|{{font color|#808|Mga}} {{font color|#f00|ala una i midiya .}}

|{{font color|#808|Around}} {{font color|#f00|one thirty.}}

rowspan="2" |{{font color|#f08|Anda}} {{font color|#f00|i kambaling}} {{font color|#80f|ka}} {{font color|#080|sa Amerika?}}

|{{font color|#f08|Kanus-a}} {{font color|#f00|ang pagbalik}} {{font color|#80f|nimo}} {{font color|#080|sa Amerika?}} (Literal)

|{{font color|#f08|When will}} {{font color|#80f|your}} {{font color|#f00|return}} {{font color|#080|to America}} {{font color|#f08|be?}}(Literal)

Kanus-a ka mobalik og Amerika? (Actual)

|When will you return to Amerika? (Actual)

rowspan="2" |{{font color|#f08|Anda}} {{font color|#f00|i kiyabaling}} {{font color|#80f|ka}} {{font color|#080|sa Amerika}} {{font color|#4c0|poon sa Saudi?}}

|{{font color|#f08|Anus-a}} {{font color|#f00|ang balik}} {{font color|#80f|nimo}} {{font color|#080|sa Amerika}} {{font color|#4c0|gikan sa Saudi?}}(Literal)

|{{font color|#f08|When was}} {{font color|#80f|your}} {{font color|#f00|return}} {{font color|#4c0|from Saudi}} {{font color|#080|to America?}}(Literal)

Anus-a ra ka mibalik sa Amerika gikan og Saudi? (Actual)

|When did you return to America from Saudi? (Actual)

class="wikitable"

|+Space

!Maranao

!Cebuano

!English

|{{font color|#080|sa ibabaw/taas}} {{font color|#80f|sa lamisa}}

|{{font color|#080|on top}} {{font color|#80f|of the table}}

|{{font color|#080|sa ilalom}} {{font color|#80f|sa lamisa}}

|{{font color|#080|beneath}} {{font color|#80f|of the table}}

|{{font color|#080|sa kilid}} {{font color|#80f|sa lamisa}}

|{{font color|#080|to the side}} {{font color|#80f|of the table}}

|{{font color|#080|sa suok}} {{font color|#80f|sa lamisa}}

|{{font color|#080|on the corner}} {{font color|#80f|of the table}}

|{{font color|#080|sa walá}} {{font color|#80f|sa lamisa}}

|{{font color|#080|to the left}} {{font color|#80f|of the table}}

|{{font color|#080|sa tuó}} {{font color|#80f|sa lamisa}}

|{{font color|#080|to the right}} {{font color|#80f|of the table}}

|{{font color|#080|sa sulód}} {{font color|#80f|sa Mosque}}

|{{font color|#080|inside}} {{font color|#80f|of the Mosque}}

|{{font color|#080|sa gawás}} {{font color|#80f|sa Mosque}}

|{{font color|#080|outside}} {{font color|#80f|of the Mosque}}

|{{font color|#080|sa unahan}} {{font color|#80f|sa Mosque}}

|{{font color|#080|just past}} {{font color|#80f|the Mosque}}

|{{font color|#080|sa likód/luyó}} {{font color|#80f|sa Mosque}}

|{{font color|#080|behind}} {{font color|#80f|of the Mosque}}

|{{font color|#080|sa atubangan}} {{font color|#80f|sa Mosque}}

|{{font color|#080|in front}} {{font color|#80f|of the Mosque}}

= Verbs and Time =

class="wikitable"

Time

!Maranao

!Cebuano

!English

|{{font color|#f00|They}} {{font color|#880|are going home}} {{font color|#808|now.}}

|{{font color|#f00|They}} {{font color|#880|drink}} {{font color|#808|every day.}}

|{{font color|#f00|They}} {{font color|#880|spoke}} {{font color|#808|yesterday.}}

|{{font color|#f00|They}} {{font color|#880|will walk}} {{font color|#808|tomorrow.}}

|{{font color|#f00|They}} {{font color|#880|have gone}} {{font color|#808|there already.}}

|{{font color|#f00|I}} {{font color|#880|was able to see}} {{font color|#080|the report.}}

|{{font color|#f00|I}} {{font color|#880|happened to see}} {{font color|#080|some money}} {{font color|#460|on the road.}}

|{{font color|#f00|They}} {{font color|#880|can {{font color|#808|still}} study.}}

|{{font color|#80c|Please}} {{font color|#880|speak{{font color|#f00|, (you guys)}}.}}

= Negatives =

class="wikitable"

Time

!Type

!Maranao

!Cebuano

!English

Present / Progressive

|{{font color|#880|Penggalebek}} {{font color|#f00|ka}} {{font color|#808|oman gawii?}}

|{{font color|#880|Gatrabaho}} {{font color|#f00|ka}} {{font color|#808|kada adlaw?}}

|{{font color|#880|Do {{font color|#f00|you}} work}} {{font color|#808|every day?}}

|{{font color|#f80|Di!}}

|{{font color|#f80|Dilì!}}

|{{font color|#f80|No, I don't!}}

Past

|{{font color|#880|Mitharo}} {{font color|#f00|ka}} {{font color|#808|kagiya?}}

|{{font color|#880|Misturya}} {{font color|#f00|ka}} {{font color|#808|kaganina?}}

|{{font color|#880|Did {{font color|#f00|you}} speak}} {{font color|#808|a while ago?}}

|{{font color|#f80|Da!}}

|{{font color|#f80|Walâ!}}

|{{font color|#f80|No, I didn't!}}

Future

|{{font color|#880|Phatawag}} {{font color|#f00|ka}} {{font color|#808|roo imanto?}}

|{{font color|#880|Motawag}} {{font color|#f00|ka}} {{font color|#808|unyâ?}}

|{{font color|#880|Will {{font color|#f00|you}} call}} {{font color|#808|later on?}}

|{{font color|#f80|Di!}}

|{{font color|#f80|Dilì!}}

|{{font color|#f80|No, I won't!}}

Possessions

|{{font color|#880|Aden}} {{font color|#008|a karoma}} {{font color|#f00|ngka?}}

|{{font color|#880|Aduna}} ba {{font color|#f00|ka}}{{font color|#008|'y asawa?}}

|{{font color|#880|Do {{font color|#f00|you}} have}} {{font color|#808|a wife?}}

|{{font color|#f80|Da!}}

|{{font color|#f80|Walâ!}}

|{{font color|#f80|No, I don't have!}}

Qualities

|{{font color|#880|Abogado}} {{font color|#f00|ka}}besen?

|{{font color|#880|Abogado}} ba {{font color|#f00|ka?}}

|{{font color|#880|Are {{font color|#f00|you}} a lawyer?}}

|{{font color|#f80|Di!}}

|{{font color|#f80|Dilì!}}

|{{font color|#f80|No, I'm not!}}

= Manga, A, Aden, Da =

class="wikitable"

Time

!Maranao

!Cebuano

!English

|{{font color|#880|Palitón}} {{font color|#f00|nakò}} {{font color|#080|ang mga isdà.}}

|{{font color|#f00|I}} {{font color|#880|am buying}} {{font color|#080|fish.}}

|{{font color|#fc0|Maayo}} {{font color|#888|nga}} {{font color|#f0c|mayór}} {{font color|#f00|si Akmad.}}

|{{font color|#f00|Akmad}} is a {{font color|#f0c|good}} {{font color|#fc0|mayor.}}

rowspan=2 |{{font color|#880|Aden a}} {{font color|#800|maistro}} {{font color|#c0f|aken.}}

|{{font color|#880|Anaa}} {{font color|#800|ang maistro}} {{font color|#c0f|nako.}} (Literal)

|{{font color|#c0f|My}} {{font color|#800|teacher}} {{font color|#880|exists}} (Literal)

{{font color|#880|Aduna}} {{font color|#f00|ko}}{{font color|#800|'y maistro.}} (Actual)

|{{font color|#f00|I}} {{font color|#880|have}} {{font color|#800|a teacher.}} (Actual)

rowspan=2 |{{font color|#880|Da a}} {{font color|#800|kwarta}} {{font color|#c0f|aken.}}

|{{font color|#880|Walâ}} {{font color|#800|ang kwarta}} {{font color|#c0f|nako.}} (Literal)

|{{font color|#c0f|My}} {{font color|#800|money}} {{font color|#880|does not exist.}} (Literal)

{{font color|#880|Walâ}} {{font color|#f00|ko}}{{font color|#800|'y kwarta.}} (Actual)

|{{font color|#f00|I}} {{font color|#880|don't have}} {{font color|#800|money.}} (Actual)

= Object-focus Sentences =

{| class="wikitable"

Time

!Tense

!Maranao

!Cebuano

!English

|Present

|{{font color|#880|Pemasaan}} {{font color|#00f|ko}} {{font color|#f00|so libro.}}

|{{font color|#880|Palitón}} {{font color|#00f|nakò}} {{font color|#f00|ang libro.}}

|{{font color|#00f|I}} {{font color|#880|am buying}} {{font color|#f00|book.}}

|Past

|{{font color|#880|Pipesa}} {{font color|#00f|ko}} {{font color|#f00|so walay.}}

|{{font color|#880|Gibaligyà}} {{font color|#00f|nakò}} {{font color|#f00|ang baláy.}}

|{{font color|#00f|I}} {{font color|#880|sold}} {{font color|#f00|the house.}}

|Present

|{{font color|#880|Pemasaan}} {{font color|#00f|aken}} {{font color|#f00|so libro.}}

|{{font color|#880|Palitón}} {{font color|#00f|nakò}} {{font color|#f00|ang libro.}}

|{{font color|#00f|I}} {{font color|#880|am buying}} {{font color|#f00|book.}}

|Past

|{{font color|#880|Piyamasa}} {{font color|#00f|aken}} {{font color|#f00|so kamays.}}

|{{font color|#880|Palitón}} {{font color|#00f|nako}} {{font color|#f00|ang mais.}}

|{{font color|#00f|I}} {{font color|#880|bought}} {{font color|#f00|the corn.}}

|Future (-en)

|{{font color|#880|Barbikiun}} {{font color|#f00|giya i.}}

|{{font color|#880|Barbikyuhon}} {{font color|#00f|nakò}} {{font color|#f00|ni.}}

|{{font color|#00f|I}} {{font color|#880|will barbecue}} {{font color|#f00|this.}}

|Future (-en)

|{{font color|#880|Kupiyaan}}The /e/ was assimilated as [a] due to -a from "kupiya." {{font color|#f00|giya i.}}

|{{font color|#880|Kopyahon}} {{font color|#00f|nakò}} {{font color|#f00|ni.}}

|{{font color|#00f|I}} {{font color|#880|will copy}} {{font color|#f00|this.}}

|Future (i-)

|{{font color|#880|Ipelebeng}} {{font color|#00f|aken}} {{font color|#f00|anan.}}

|{{font color|#880|Ilubóng}} {{font color|#00f|nakò}} {{font color|#f00|nâ.}}

|{{font color|#00f|I}} {{font color|#880|will say}} {{font color|#f00|that.}}

|Future (i-)

|{{font color|#880|Imbegay}} {{font color|#00f|aken}} {{font color|#f00|anan.}}

|{{font color|#880|Ihatag}} {{font color|#00f|nakò}} {{font color|#f00|nâ.}}

|{{font color|#00f|I}} {{font color|#880|will barbecue}} {{font color|#f00|that.}}

|Future (-an)

|{{font color|#880|Pembisitaan}} {{font color|#00f|aken}} {{font color|#f00|anan.}}

|{{font color|#880|Bisitahan}} {{font color|#00f|nakò}} {{font color|#f00|nâ.}}

|{{font color|#00f|I}} {{font color|#880|will visit}} {{font color|#f00|that.}}

|Future (-an)

|{{font color|#880|Bayadan}} {{font color|#00f|aken}} {{font color|#f00|anan.}}

|{{font color|#880|Bayran}} {{font color|#00f|nakò}} {{font color|#f00|nâ.}}

|{{font color|#00f|I}} {{font color|#880|will pay}} {{font color|#f00|that.}}

|Command (-a)

|{{font color|#880|Pageda}} {{font color|#00f|ngka}} {{font color|#f00|ini.}}

|{{font color|#880|Sakyi}} {{font color|#f00|ni.}}

|{{font color|#880|Ride}} {{font color|#f00|this.}}

|Command (-an)

|{{font color|#880|Sigopan}} {{font color|#00f|angka}} {{font color|#f00|nan.}}

|{{font color|#880|Suyopi}} {{font color|#f00|nâ.}}

|{{font color|#880|Smoke}} {{font color|#f00|that.}}

|Command (-i)

|{{font color|#880|Galidi}} {{font color|#00f|ngka}} {{font color|#f00|nan.}}

|{{font color|#880|Aniha}} {{font color|#f00|nâ.}}

|{{font color|#880|Harvest}} {{font color|#f00|that.}}

| colspan=4 |

=Notes=

{{reflist| group="ObjVerb"

}}

References

External links

[http://www.bansa.org/dictionaries/mrw/ Bansa.org], Maranao Dictionary
[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/maranao.htm Maranao at Omniglot]
[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Maranao_language Maranao at Wiktionary]
The files for a Maranao lexical database with English glosses are archived with Kaipuleohone {{hdl|10125/40873}}
[http://sealang.net/maranao/ SEAlang Library Maranao Resources]
[https://philippines.sil.org/resources/online_resources/mrw SIL Philippines Maranao - English Dictionary]