Margaret D. Foster
{{Short description|American chemist (1895–1970)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| image = File:Margaret_D._Foster,_in_Lab,_4_October_1919.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Foster in 1919
| birth_name = Margaret Dorothy Foster
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1895|03|04}}
| birth_place = Chicago, Illinois, US
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1970|11|05|1895|03|04}}
| death_place = Silver Spring, Maryland, US
| workplaces = {{ubl|United States Geological Survey|Manhattan Project}}
| alma_mater = {{ubl|Illinois College|George Washington University (MS)|American University (PhD)}}
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| known_for = First female chemist to work on the United States Geological Survey, Manhattan Project Chemistry and Physics Section
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Margaret Dorothy Foster (March 4, 1895 – November 5, 1970) was an American chemist. She worked for the United States Geological Survey, and was recruited to work on the Manhattan Project. She wrote dozens of research papers on the chemistry of the natural world and assaying methods.
Life
Margaret ("Dot") Foster was born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1895. Her father was the Rev. James Edward Foster and her mother was Minnie (McAuley) Foster. She had a younger brother, Robert. Her father died in 1910, at which point the family moved to Jacksonville, Illinois, home of Illinois College. She graduated from Illinois College in 1918, earned a Master of Science at George Washington University in 1926, and a PhD from American University in 1936. Illinois College awarded her an honorary doctorate in 1956.
Beginning in 1918, she worked on the United States Geological Survey, developing ways to detect minerals within naturally occurring bodies of water.{{cite book|publisher=Temple University Press|date=2003|title=Their Day in the Sun: Women of the Manhattan Project|author= Ruth H. Howes, Caroline L. Herzenberg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ys0N4rFgt6UC&dq=Margaret+Foster+Manhattan+Project&pg=PA91|pages=91–2|isbn=9781592131921}} Methods pioneered by her include those for quantifying manganese, boron, fluoride, and sulfate, devised in connection with earning her post-baccalaureate degrees.Goedecke, Catharina, "[https://www.chemistryviews.org/details/ezine/11275674/50th_Anniversary_Death_of_Margaret_D__Foster.html 50th Anniversary: Death of Margaret D. Foster]" ChemistryViews, 2020.11.05.
In 1942, she transferred to the Chemistry and Physics Section of the USGS, where she worked under Roger C. Wells. In this capacity, she worked on the Manhattan Project, developing two new techniques of quantitative analysis, one for uranium and one for thorium,{{cite web|url=https://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_arc_287607|title=Margaret D. Foster (1895-1970)|first1=Margaret|last1=Foster|date=1 January 1919|publisher=}} as well as two new ways to separate the two elements. Upon her return to the Geological Survey after the war, she researched the chemistry of clay minerals and micas. She retired in March 1965.{{cite journal |last=Fahey |first=Joseph J. |date=March–April 1971 |title=Memorial of Margaret D. Foster |url=http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM56/AM56_686.pdf |journal=The American Mineralogist |volume=56 |pages=686–690 |accessdate=28 March 2014}} Over the course of her career, she authored dozens of scientific papers, alone or with others.
She died at Holy Cross Hospital in Silver Spring, Maryland.
Publications
- {{cite journal |last=Foster |first=Margaret D. |year=1938 |title=The chemist at work. IX. The chemist in the water resources laboratory |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=228 |doi=10.1021/ed015p228|bibcode=1938JChEd..15..228F }}
References
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External links
{{Commons category}}
- {{cite web|url=https://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_arc_287607|title=Margaret D. Foster (1895-1970) | Smithsonian Institution Archives|publisher=siarchives.si.edu|accessdate=2014-03-18}}
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Category:Illinois College alumni
Category:Manhattan Project people
Category:United States Geological Survey personnel
Category:American women chemists
Category:20th-century American women scientists
Category:20th-century American chemists
Category:Scientists from Chicago