Marian Farquharson
{{short description|British botanist, naturalist, women's rights activist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Marian Farquharson
| image = Marian_farquaharson_naturalist.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1846|07|02|df=yes}}
| birth_place = West Meon, Hampshire, England
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1912|04|20|1846|07|02|df=yes}}
| death_place = Nice, France
| resting_place = Alford, Aberdeenshire
| resting_place_coordinates =
| footnotes =
| spouse = {{marriage|Robert Francis Ogilvie Farquharson|1883|1890|reason=died}}
| education = at home
}}
Marian Sarah Ogilvie Farquharson, FLS, FRMS (née Ridley, 2 July 1846 – 20 April 1912) was a British naturalist and women's rights activist. The first female Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society (although not permitted to attend meetings), Farquharson is best remembered for her campaign of women rights to full fellowship of learned societies.{{cite web |last1=Knapp |first1=Sandra |authorlink1=Sandra Knapp |title=Celebrating the first women Fellows of the Linnean Society of London |url=https://blog.oup.com/2018/03/celebrating-the-first-women-fellows-of-the-linnean-society-of-london/ |website=Oxford University Press Blog |publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en |date=20 March 2018 |quote=This insistence on attendance at meetings was important; other societies allowed women to be members, but they were barred from attending meetings (Farquharson had been elected as the first female Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society in 1885 but was not allowed to attend). At first she was rebuffed by the Council of the Linnean Society, but eventually won the day, through sheer persistence (the Society holds a plethora of correspondence from Farquharson) and the vocal support of some members of Council.}}
Early and personal life
Marian Sarah Ridley was born on 2 July 1846 in West Meon, Hampshire, England, the eldest daughter of Reverend Nicholas James Ridley and Frances Joucriet (d. 1901).[https://www.greathead.org/Wonersh2-o/p476.htm#i11884 Wonersh One-Place Study website, Marian Sarah Ridley] She was a descendent of Bishop Nicholas Ridley.[https://womenshistorynetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/wh_spring_17_02_07.pdf Women's History Network website, The Women’s Champion. Mrs Farquharson of Haughton and Women’s Struggle to Join Scientific Societies, article by Peter Ayres, Spring 2017] Educated at home, including lessons in music, she became interested in natural history.
In 1883, she married Robert Francis Ogilvie Farquharson from near Alford, Aberdeenshire.[https://www.greathead.org/Wonersh2-o/p476.htm#i11896 Wonersh One-Place Study website, Robert Francis Ogilvie Farquharson][https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results?basicsearch="sarah%20ridley"&phrasesearch=sarah%20ridley&retrievecountrycounts=false&sortorder=score®ion=south%20east%2C%20england&page=4 British Newspaper Archive website, Marriage of Miss Ridley of Hollington House, published in the Reading Mercury dated 8 December 1883] She moved to live with him on the Haughton estate. He died in May 1890 and she continued interests in both natural history and women's membership of learned societies.
Scientific activity
She joined the Epping Forest and Essex Naturalists' Field Club in 1881; that same year, her book A Pocket Guide to British Ferns was published.
After moving to Scotland, she joined the Alford Field Club and East of Scotland Union of Naturalists' Societies. Two articles by Farquharson about ferns and mosses were published in the Scottish Naturalist.{{cite web |last1=Beharrell |first1=Will |last2=Douglas |first2=Gina |title=New Exhibition: Celebrating the Linnean Society's First Women Fellows |url=https://www.linnean.org/news/2020/03/27/celebrating-the-first-women-fellows |website=The Linnean Society of London |access-date=13 April 2020}} She also gave a presentation about them to the meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Aberdeen in 1885.
In 1885, she was elected the first female Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society. Despite this, as a woman she was prohibited to attend any of its meetings or vote on Society's matters.
She was involved with the Congress of the International Council of Women, held in London in 1899, and contributed to the Biological Sciences section of the Congress.
Women's rights
File:Linnean Society of London First Formal Admission of Women Fellows.jpg ]]
After her husband's death in 1890, Farquharson began active campaigning for women's rights for full fellowship and participation of learned societies. She founded and was president of the Scottish Association for Promotion of Women's Public Work.
In 1900, Farquharson sent a letter petitioning the Royal Society and the Linnean Society of London that "duly qualified women should have the advantages of full fellowship in scientific and other learned societies". The Linnean Society initially refused to accept the petition with the excuse that it could only accept one through one of its fellows. After its former president John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury resubmitted the petition on her behalf, the society eventually declined the proposal on the basis that it was doubtful its royal charter could be applied to women. A similar reply was also given by the Royal Society.{{Cite journal|last=Mason|first=J.|title=The Women Fellows' Jubilee|journal=Notes and Records of the Royal Society|pages=125–140|doi=10.1098/rsnr.1995.0009|date=1 January 1995|volume=49|s2cid=146357352}}
The following year, Farquharson petition of the Linnean Society intensified under it finally agreed for the petition to go before its fellows. In 1903, the Society decided to seek a supplementary charter from the King explicitly allowing women fellows. A ballot of fifteen women for fellowship finally took place in December 1904, where all but Farquharson were elected.[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342400828_How_Mrs_Farquharson_Triumphed_but_Was_Excluded_from_a_Glittering_Occasion ResearchGate website, How Mrs Farquharson Triumphed but was Excluded from a Glittering Occasion, article by Peter Ayres, published in Women & the Natural Sciences in Edwardian Britain, page 59 (June 2020)] Farquharson was not elected to the Society until 1908 when her nomination was resubmitted. However, as a result of her health, she never signed the Society's roll for admission thus was never formally admitted to the Linnean Society. She died in Nice on 20 April 1912.
Works
In addition to her early interest in ferns and mosses, she developed an interest in desmids from 1883 onwards.
- A Pocket Guide to British Ferns (1881) ([https://archive.org/details/apocketguidetob00ridlgoog online])
- Notes on mosses of the north of Scotland in Scottish Naturalist, vol. 8, 1885–1886, p. 381 ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6403692 online])
- Ferns and mosses of the Alford district in Scottish Naturalist, vol. 10, 1889–1890, pp. 193–198
See also
References
;General
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- {{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/55777|title=Farquharson , Marian Sarah (1846–1912)|access-date=25 October 2012|author=Gina Douglas|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/55777|date=May 2010}}
- {{cite book|last=Stevens|first=Catherine M. C. Haines with Helen M.|title=International women in science : a biographical dictionary to 1950|year=2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, Calif. [u.a.]|isbn=978-1576070901|page=[https://archive.org/details/internationalwom00hain/page/95 95]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/internationalwom00hain/page/95}}
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;Specific
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{{Use British English|date=October 2012}}
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Category:British women's rights activists
Category:Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Category:Fellows of the Royal Microscopical Society
Category:19th-century British women scientists
Category:20th-century British women scientists