Marianna Fault

{{Short description|Fault in eastern Arkansas}}

{{Infobox fault|name=Marianna Fault|state=Arkansas|country=USA|location=Crowley's Ridge area|length=7mi|yeardef=2009}}File:Lee County Arkansas Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Marianna Highlighted.svg

The Marianna Fault is a fault located in the Crowley's Ridge area west of Marianna in eastern Arkansas.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}

The discovery was first announced by seismologists on January 21, 2009. It is separate from the New Madrid seismic zone,{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/printer_friendly_wires/2009Jan21/0,4675,ArkansasEarthquakes,00.html|title=Scientist: New fault could mean major Ark. temblor|last=Gambrell|first=Jon|date=January 22, 2009|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=2009-01-28}} {} which is {{convert|100|km|sp=us}} to the east.{{cite web|url=http://quake.ualr.edu/hja/hja.htm#1|title=Haydar Al-Shukri Webpage|last=Al-Shukri |first=Haydar|publisher=University of Arkansas at Little Rock|accessdate=2009-01-28}}

Haydar Al-Shukri, director of the Arkansas Earthquake Center at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, discovered the Marianna Fault after searching for a fault since 2005.{{cite news|url=http://www.thnews.com/article.php?id=7426|title=Geologists: More study needed on fault line|last=Owens|first=Kendall |date=January 26, 2009|publisher=Times-Herald of Forrest City, Arkansas|accessdate=2009-01-28}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}} The fault line is seven miles long,{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/01/090122-arkansas-ea-AP.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129213312/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/01/090122-arkansas-ea-AP.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 29, 2009| title=New Arkansas Fault to Cause "Major Disaster"?| date=January 22, 2009| agency=Associated Press| accessdate=2011-03-04}} with {{convert|110|m|sp=us}} dimensions.{{clarify|date=April 2018}} The land above the Marianna Fault is mostly cotton fields, but the presence of fertile soil with stretches of fine sand alerted seismologists to the fault's existence. It is believed that the Marianna Fault has previously experienced an earthquake that would have measured 7.0 on the Richter scale, and may well do so again. Al-Shukri believes that the fault was created 5,000 years ago.

Previously, the predicted earthquake damage Marianna, Arkansas might receive from the more distant New Madrid Fault suffering a 7.0 earthquake was 100% architectural and content damage, half of all bridges suffering some damage, 2,955 displaced residents, and loss of phones and electricity.{{cite web|url=http://quake.ualr.edu/public/estimate/marianna.htm|title=Marianna, Arkansas|year=1998|publisher=Arkansas Center for Earthquake Education and Technology Transfer |accessdate=2009-01-28}} The capital city of Arkansas, Little Rock, would also face damage. A major natural gas pipeline is located near the fault, and could be devastated by any such earthquake. Tennessee and Mississippi would possibly be affected as well.{{cite web|url=http://www.ngdir.ir/News/NewsDetail.asp?PId=22001 |title=US scientists warn a newly discovered fault in Arkansas could trigger a magnitude seven earthquake |publisher=National Geoscience Database of Iran |date=January 25, 2009 |accessdate=February 13, 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703002906/http://www.ngdir.ir/News/NewsDetail.asp?PId=22001 |archivedate=July 3, 2010 }}

In 2006, a letter to the Seismological Research Letters indicated the possible existence of a fault at Marianna. Sand blows in the area were similar in size to the New Madrid sand blows, giving rise to the speculation of a new fault. It was believed that the Marianna sand blows were created between 5,000 and 7,000 years ago.{{cite journal|title=Very Large Earthquakes Centered Southwest of the New Madrid Seismic Zone 5,000–7,000 Years Ago|journal=Seismological Research Letters|publisher=Seismological Society of America |issue=Seismological Society of America|pages=755–770|doi=10.1785/gssrl.77.6.755 |year=2006|last1=Tuttle|first1=M. P.|last2=Al-Shukri|first2=H.|last3=Mahdi|first3=H.|volume=77}} This followed a letter to the same journal a few months before saying that ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was being used to study "large elliptical sand deposits" near Marianna.{{cite journal|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/external/reports/03HQGR0050.pdf|title=Three-Dimensional Imaging of Earthquake-induced Liquefaction Features with Ground-Penetrating Radar Near Marianna, Arkansas|journal=Seismological Research Letters|publisher=Seismological Society of America |issue=July 2006|accessdate=January 28, 2009}}

Haydar Al-Shukri announced the discovery of the Marianna Fault on January 21, 2009. Days later, Al-Shukri stated that more funding was required to study the fault, which would include trying to establish whether or not the fault was still active. The lack of seismic equipment in the vicinity is one factor in the need for additional funding.

The most recent earthquake activity in the area around the fault was located ten miles northeast of Marianna in August 2008. It measured 2.6 on the Richter scale. Few quakes have been felt in the area since 1994.