Little Rock, Arkansas

{{Expand section|date=April 2019}}

{{See also|History of Arkansas}}

{{For timeline}}

File:1887 Perspective map of the city of Little Rock, Arkansas.jpg

Little Rock was named for a stone outcropping on the bank of the Arkansas River used by early travelers as a landmark, which marked the transition from the flat Mississippi Delta region to the Ouachita Mountain foothills.{{cite web |url=http://www.arkansas.com/things-to-do/history-heritage/colorful-names/ |title=Colorful Names |publisher=Arkansas Department of Parks & Tourism |access-date=July 14, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124055328/http://www.arkansas.com/things-to-do/history-heritage/colorful-names/ |archive-date=November 24, 2013 }} It was named in 1722 by French explorer and trader, Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe.{{harvp|"History"|2002|p= 96}}. Travelers referred to the area as the "Little Rock". Though there was an effort to officially name the city "Arkopolis" upon its founding in the 1820s, and that name did appear on a few maps made by the US Geological Survey, the name Little Rock is eventually what stuck.{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GYolAQAAMAAJ&q=little+rock+arkopolis&pg=RA1-PA61 |title=The Hyde Park Historical Record |date=December 29, 2017 |publisher=Hyde Park Historical Society |via=Google Books |access-date=November 15, 2020 |archive-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509030742/https://books.google.com/books?id=GYolAQAAMAAJ&q=little+rock+arkopolis&pg=RA1-PA61 |url-status=live }}{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uRCLFU_855UC&q=arkopolis&pg=PA5 |title=Historic Little Rock: An Illustrated History |first=C. Fred |last=Williams |date=December 29, 2017 |publisher=HPN Books |isbn=9781893619821 |via=Google Books |access-date=November 15, 2020 |archive-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509025400/https://books.google.com/books?id=uRCLFU_855UC&q=arkopolis&pg=PA5 |url-status=live }}{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/highlightsarkan00commgoog |page=[https://archive.org/details/highlightsarkan00commgoog/page/n43 37] |quote=arkopolis little rock. |title=The High Lights of Arkansas History |year=1922 |first=Dallas Tabor |last=Herndon |publisher=Arkansas History commission |via=Internet Archive }}

The territorial capitol had been located at Arkansas Post in Southeast Arkansas since 1819, but the site had proven unsuitable as a settlement due to frequent flooding of the Arkansas River. Over the years, the "little rock" was known as a waypoint along the river, but remained unsettled. A land speculator from St. Louis, Missouri who had acquired many acres around the "little rock" began pressuring the Arkansas territorial legislature in February 1820 to move the capital to the site, but the representatives could not decide between Little Rock or Cadron (now Conway), which was the preferred site of Territorial Governor James Miller. The issue was tabled until October 1820, by which time most of the legislators and other influential men had purchased lots around Little Rock.{{cite book |last4=Whayne |first4=Jeannie M. |last2=DeBlack |first2=Thomas A. |last3=Sabo III |first3=George |last1=Arnold |first1=Morris S. |title=Arkansas: A narrative history |edition=1st |year=2002 |publisher=The University of Arkansas Press |location=Fayetteville, Arkansas |isbn=1-55728-724-4 |oclc=49029558 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/arkansasnarrativ0000unse |ref={{harvid|"History"|2002}} |pages=96–97 }} The legislature moved the capital to Little Rock, where it has remained ever since.

File:Downtown Little Rock, Arkansas by Thomas J. O'Halloran, 1958 (LOC).jpg

Little Rock Nine were the nine African American students who desegregated Little Rock Central High School in 1957 after the Little Rock School Board voted to begin the area's desegregation, in compliance with Brown v. Board of Education. On September 4, 1957, the first day of school at Central High, a white mob of segregationist protesters physically blocked the nine black students from entering the school. Minnijean Brown, Terrence Roberts, Elizabeth Eckford, Ernest Green, Thelma Mothershed, Melba Patillo, Gloria Ray, Jefferson Thomas, and Carlotta Walls, who had been recruited by Daisy Bates and the NAACP, attempted to integrate Central High School, but Governor Orval Faubus deployed the Arkansas National Guard to support the segregationists, and only backed down after Judge Ronald Davies of U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas granted an injunction from the U.S. Department of Justice compelling him to withdraw the Guard.Graeme Cope, "'A Thorn in the Side'? The Mothers' League of Central High School and the Little Rock Desegregation Crisis of 1957", Arkansas Historical Quarterly (1998) 57#2 pp: 160–190 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40027928 in JSTOR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004161029/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40027928 |date=October 4, 2023 }}{{cite journal |last1=Pierce |first1=Michael |year=2011 |title=Historians of the Central High Crisis and Little Rock's Working-Class Whites: A Review Essay |journal=Arkansas Historical Quarterly |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=468–483 |jstor=23188020 }}

Angry white mobs began rioting when the nine black students began attending Central High School. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, on the request of Woodrow Wilson Mann, Little Rock's mayor, deployed the 101st Airborne Division to the city and federalized the Arkansas National Guard to protect the students and ensure their safe passage to the school. Little Rock's four public high schools were closed in September 1958, and reopened a year later. Integration across all grades was fully achieved in fall 1972. The Little Rock school episode drew international attention to the treatment of African Americans in the United States.Mary L. Dudziak, "The Little Rock Crisis and Foreign Affairs: Race, Resistance, and the Image of American Democracy", Southern California Law Review 70 (1996) pp: 1641–1716.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|116.8|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|116.2|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|0.6|sqmi}} (0.52%) is water.

Little Rock is on the south bank of the Arkansas River in Central Arkansas. Fourche Creek and Rock Creek run through the city, and flow into the river. The western part of the city is in the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains. Northwest of the city limits are Pinnacle Mountain and Lake Maumelle, which provides Little Rock's drinking water.

The city of North Little Rock is just across the river from Little Rock, but it is a separate city. North Little Rock was once the 8th ward of Little Rock. An Arkansas Supreme Court decision on February 6, 1904, allowed the ward to merge with the neighboring town of North Little Rock. The merged town quickly renamed itself Argenta (the local name for the former 8th Ward), but returned to its original name in October 1917.{{cite web |last=Bradbury |first=Cary |title=North Little Rock (Pulaski County) |date=November 14, 2007 |url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=973 |access-date=May 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092200/http://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=973 |archive-date=September 29, 2007 |url-status=live }}

{{Main|Neighborhoods of Little Rock}}

{{colbegin|colwidth=22em}}

• Applegate
• Birchwood
• Breckenridge
• Briarwood
• Broadmoor
• Bryce's Creek
• Capitol-Main Historic District
• Capitol View/Stifft's Station
• Central High School Historic District
• Chenal Valley
• Cloverdale
• Colony West
• Downtown
• Echo Valley
• East End
• Fair Park
• Geyer Springs
• Governor's Mansion
• Granite Mountain
• Gum Springs
• Hanger Hill
• Hall High
• The Heights
• Highland Park
• Hillcrest
• John Barrow
• Leawood
• Mabelvale
• MacArthur Park
• Marshall Square
• Otter Creek
• Pankey
• Paul Laurence Dunbar School
• Pinnacle Valley
• Pleasant Valley
• Pulaski Heights
• Quapaw Quarter
• Riverdale
• Robinwood
• Rosedale
• Scott Street
• St. Charles
• South End
• South Main Street (apartments)
• South Main Street (residential)
• South Little Rock
• Southwest Little Rock
• Stagecoach
• Sturbridge
• University Park
• Walnut Valley
• Walton Heights
• Wakefield
• West End
• Woodlands Edge

{{colend}}

{{Main|Climate of Little Rock, Arkansas}}

Little Rock lies in the humid subtropical climate zone (Cfa), with hot, humid summers and cool winters with usually little snow. It has experienced temperatures as low as {{convert|−12|°F}}, which was recorded on February 12, 1899, and as high as {{convert|114|°F}}, which was recorded on August 3, 2011.{{cite web |url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/images/lzk/pdf/clilit.pdf |title=Climate Statistics for the Little Rock Area |publisher=National Weather Service North Little Rock |access-date=December 7, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101111015/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/images/lzk/pdf/clilit.pdf |archive-date=November 1, 2011 }}

{{Little Rock, Arkansas weatherbox}}

{{US Census population

| 1850 = 2167

| 1860 = 3727

| 1870 = 12380

| 1880 = 13138

| 1890 = 25874

| 1900 = 38307

| 1910 = 45941

| 1920 = 65142

| 1930 = 81679

| 1940 = 88039

| 1950 = 102213

| 1960 = 107813

| 1970 = 132483

| 1980 = 159151

| 1990 = 175795

| 2000 = 183133

| 2010 = 193524

| 2020 = 202591

| estyear = 2024

| estimate = 207459

| estref = {{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=May 29, 2022 |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 31, 2022 |archive-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711040810/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |url-status=live }}

| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |title=Census of Population and Housing |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=June 4, 2015 |archive-date=October 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003185009/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |url-status=live }}

}}

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 202,591 people, 80,063 households, and 45,577 families residing in the city.

File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Little Rock (5560426642).png

As of the 2010 census, there were 193,524 people, 82,018 households, and 47,799 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,576.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 91,288 housing units at an average density of {{convert|769.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 48.9% White, 42.3% Black, 0.4% Native American, 2.7% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 3.9% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. 6.8% of the population is Hispanic or Latino.

There were 82,018 households, of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.6% were married couples living together, 17.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.7% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,572, and the median income for a family was $47,446. Males had a median income of $35,689 versus $26,802 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,209{{Citation needed|reason=The per capita income source is not listed and does not correlate with what the St. Louis Fed reports for the per capita income for the MSA. Please see https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LRSPCPI. If the citation is not provided in a timely manner the current value of 29,209 will be assumed to be erroneous and changed to what is reported by the Fed.|date=February 2018}}. 14.3% of the population is below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 20.9% of those under the age of 18 and 9.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

{{Main|Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR Metropolitan Statistical Area}}

The 2020 U.S. Census population estimate for the Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR Metropolitan Statistical Area was 748,031. The MSA covers the following counties: Pulaski, Faulkner, Grant, Lonoke, Perry, and Saline. The largest cities are Little Rock, North Little Rock, Conway, Jacksonville, Benton, Sherwood, Cabot, Maumelle, and Bryant.

In the late 1980s, Little Rock experienced a 51% increase in murder arrests of children under 17, and a 40% increase among 18- to 24-year-olds. From 1988 to 1992, murder arrests of youths under 18 increased by 256%.{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-01-mn-51945-story.html |title=Little Rock's Boyz in the Hood Illustrate '90s American Graffiti : Violence: Gangs have colonized even small cities, bringing big-city crime with them. Lifestyle wins adherents via television. |last=Prodis |first=Julia |date=October 1, 1995 |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=March 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429073213/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-10-01/news/mn-51945_1_small-cities |archive-date=April 29, 2017 |url-status=live }} By the end of 1992, Little Rock reached a record of 61 homicides,{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/31/us/teen-age-gangs-are-inflicting-lethal-violence-on-small-cities.html?pagewanted=all |title=Teen-Age Gangs Are Inflicting Lethal Violence on Small Cities |last=Eckholm |first=Erik |date=January 31, 1993 |website=The New York Times |access-date=March 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322112337/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/31/us/teen-age-gangs-are-inflicting-lethal-violence-on-small-cities.html?pagewanted=all |archive-date=March 22, 2017 |url-status=live }} but in 1993 surpassed it with 76.{{cite web |url=http://www.arktimes.com/arkansas/bangin/Content?oid=3961706 |title=Bangin' in the '90s: An oral history: Police, former gang members, city leaders look back at Little Rock's gang wars. |last1=Koon |first1=David |last2=Herron |first2=Kaya |date=July 15, 2015 |website=Arkansas Times |access-date=March 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915161725/https://www.arktimes.com/arkansas/bangin/Content?oid=3961706 |archive-date=September 15, 2017 |url-status=live }} It was one of the highest per-capita homicide rates in the country, placing Little Rock fifth in Money Magazine's 1994 list of most dangerous cities. In July 2017, a shootout occurred at the Power Ultra Lounge nightclub in downtown Little Rock; although there were no deaths, 28 people were injured and one hospitalized. In 2021, Little Rock saw a decrease in most violent crime, but a 24% increase in homicides from 2020.{{Cite web |date=August 21, 2022 |title=Little Rock residents react to crime statistics for 2022 |url=https://www.kark.com/crime/lr-residents-react-to-crime-statistics-for-2022/ |access-date=November 4, 2022 |website=KARK |language=en-US |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104002401/https://www.kark.com/crime/lr-residents-react-to-crime-statistics-for-2022/ |url-status=live }} The 65 homicides were the third-most on record in the city. Little Rock set a new record of 81 homicides in 2022.{{Cite web |date=January 3, 2023 |title=Homicides at 119 at end of '22 in Pulaski County |url=https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2023/jan/03/homicides-at-119-at-end-of-22-in-county/ |access-date=January 9, 2023 |website=Arkansas Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110001526/https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2023/jan/03/homicides-at-119-at-end-of-22-in-county/ |url-status=live }}

File:Downtown Little Rock.jpg

Dillard's Department Stores, Windstream Communications and Acxiom, Simmons Bank, Bank of the Ozarks, Rose Law Firm, Westrock Coffee, Central Flying Service, and large brokerage Stephens Inc. are headquartered in Little Rock. Large companies headquartered in other cities but with a large presence in Little Rock are Dassault Falcon Jet (near Little Rock National Airport in the eastern part of the city), Fidelity National Information Services (in northwestern Little Rock), and Welspun Corp (in Southeast Little Rock). Little Rock and its surroundings are home to headquarters for large nonprofit organizations, such as Winrock International, Heifer International, the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now, Clinton Foundation, Lions World Services for the Blind, Clinton Presidential Center, Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation, FamilyLife, Audubon Arkansas, and The Nature Conservancy. Little Rock is also home to the American Taekwondo Association and Arkansas Hospital Association. Arkansas Blue Cross Blue Shield, Baptist Health Medical Center, Entergy, Dassault Falcon Jet, Siemens, AT&T Mobility, Kroger, Euronet Worldwide, L'Oréal, Timex, and UAMS are employers throughout Little Rock.

One of the state's largest public employers, with over 10,552 employees, the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) and its healthcare partners—Arkansas Children's Hospital and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System—have a total annual economic impact in Arkansas of about $5 billion. UAMS receives less than 11% of its funding from the state; it is funded by payments for clinical services (64%), grants and contracts (18%), philanthropy and other (5%), and tuition and fees (2%).

The Little Rock port is an inter-modal river port with a large industrial business complex. It is designated as Foreign Trade Zone 14. International corporations such as Danish manufacturer LM Glasfiber have established new facilities adjacent to the port.

Along with Louisville and Memphis, Little Rock has a branch of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.{{cite web |url=http://www.stlouisfed.org/littlerock/ |title=Little Rock Branch | Regional Executive Robert Hopkins |publisher=St. Louis Fed |access-date=February 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017184829/http://www.stlouisfed.org/littlerock/ |archive-date=October 17, 2013 |url-status=live }}

{{See also|Culture of Arkansas}}

File:William J. Clinton Presidential Library, Little Rock, Arkansas (exterior view - 2007).jpg in downtown Little Rock opened in 2004.]]

Cultural sites in Little Rock include:

• Quapaw Quarter – start of the 20th century Little Rock consists of three National Register historic districts with at least a hundred buildings on the National Register of Historic Places.

• The Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts, the state's largest cultural institution, is a museum of art and an active center for the visual and performing arts.
• The Museum of Discovery features hands-on exhibits in the fields of science, history and technology.
• The William J. Clinton Presidential Center includes the Clinton presidential library and the offices of the Clinton Foundation and the Clinton School of Public Service. The Library facility, designed by architect James Polshek, cantilevers over the Arkansas River, echoing Clinton's campaign promise of "building a bridge to the 21st century". The archives and library have 2 million photographs, 80 million pages of documents, 21 million e-mail messages, and nearly 80,000 artifacts from the Clinton presidency. The museum within the library showcases artifacts from Clinton's term and has a full-scale replica of the Clinton-era Oval Office. Opened on November 18, 2004, the Clinton Presidential Center cost $165 million to construct and covers 150,000 square feet (14,000 m²) within a 28-acre (113,000 m²) park.
• The Historic Arkansas Museum is a regional history museum focusing primarily on the frontier time period.
• The MacArthur Museum of Arkansas Military History opened in 2001, the last remaining structure of the original Little Rock Arsenal and one of the oldest buildings in central Arkansas, it was the birthplace of General Douglas MacArthur who went on to be the supreme commander of US forces in the South Pacific during World War II.
• The Old State House Museum is a former state capitol building now home to a history museum focusing on Arkansas's recent history.
• The Mosaic Templars Cultural Center is a nationally accredited, state-funded museum and cultural center focusing on African American history and culture in Arkansas.
• The ESSE Purse Museum illustrates the stories of American women's lives during the 1900s through their handbags and the day-to-day items carried in them
• The Little Rock Central High School is still a functioning high school but contains a museum, visitors center, and park on the school grounds.

Founded in 1976, the Arkansas Repertory Theatre is the state's largest nonprofit professional theatre company. A member of the League of Resident Theatres (LORT D), The Rep has produced more than 300 productions, including 40 world premieres, in its building in downtown Little Rock. Producing Artistic Director John Miller-Stephany leads a resident staff of designers, technicians and administrators in eight to ten productions for an annual audience in excess of 70,000 for MainStage productions, educational programming and touring. The Rep produces works from contemporary comedies and dramas to world premiers and the classics of dramatic literature.

The Community Theatre of Little Rock, founded in 1956, is the area's oldest performance art company.{{Citation needed|date=August 2016}}

The Arkansas Symphony Orchestra{{cite web |title=arkansassymphony.org |url=http://www.arkansassymphony.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725013842/http://www.arkansassymphony.org/ |archive-date=July 25, 2011 |access-date=February 25, 2014 |publisher=arkansassymphony.org }} performs over 30 concerts a year and many events. {{Citation needed|date=August 2016}} The Robinson Center Music Hall is the main performance center of the Arkansas Symphony Orchestra. The Wildwood Park for the Arts is the largest park dedicated to the performing arts in the South; it features seasonal festivals and cultural events.

Lassis Inn was a meeting place for civil rights leaders in the 1950s and 1960s, including Daisy Bates, while they were planning efforts such as the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School.{{Cite web |title=Encyclopedia of Arkansas |url=https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/lassis-inn-12248/ |access-date=February 28, 2023 |website=Encyclopedia of Arkansas |language=en-US |archive-date=February 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228205459/https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/lassis-inn-12248/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Announcing the 2020 America's Classics Winners |url=https://www.jamesbeard.org/blog/announcing-the-2020-americas-classics-winners |access-date=February 28, 2023 |website=www.jamesbeard.org |language=en |archive-date=May 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512131130/https://www.jamesbeard.org/blog/announcing-the-2020-americas-classics-winners |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Lassis Inn |url=http://www.arkansas.com/little-rock/food-drink/lassis-inn |access-date=February 28, 2023 |website=Arkansas.com |language=en |archive-date=October 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021145215/https://www.arkansas.com/little-rock/food-drink/lassis-inn |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Chris |date=February 26, 2020 |title=What an "America's Classic" Award Can Do |url=https://gardenandgun.com/articles/what-an-americas-classic-award-can-do/ |access-date=February 28, 2023 |website=Garden & Gun |language=en-US |archive-date=February 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228225418/https://gardenandgun.com/articles/what-an-americas-classic-award-can-do/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=July 30, 2022 |title=The sites in this guide are a key part of understanding America's story |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/07/30/1114721467/the-sites-in-this-guide-are-a-key-part-of-understanding-americas-story |website=NPR |access-date=March 1, 2023 |archive-date=February 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228230548/https://www.npr.org/2022/07/30/1114721467/the-sites-in-this-guide-are-a-key-part-of-understanding-americas-story |url-status=live }}{{excessive citations inline|date=October 2024}} In 2017, it was among the three inaugural inductees into the Arkansas Food Hall of Fame, along with Rhoda's Famous Hot Tamales and Jones Bar-B-Q Diner.{{Cite web |last=Nelson |first=Rex |date=March 15, 2017 |title=Rhoda's big night |url=https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2017/mar/15/rhoda-s-big-night-20170315/ |access-date=February 28, 2023 |website=Arkansas Online |language=en |archive-date=February 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228214323/https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2017/mar/15/rhoda-s-big-night-20170315/ |url-status=live }} In 2020, it was named an America's Classic by the James Beard Foundation.{{Cite web |title=James Beard Foundation Names 6 Restaurants 'American Classics' |url=https://www.foodandwine.com/travel/restaurants/james-beard-foundation-american-classics-2020 |access-date=February 28, 2023 |website=Food & Wine |language=en |archive-date=February 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228225943/https://www.foodandwine.com/travel/restaurants/james-beard-foundation-american-classics-2020 |url-status=live }}

File:Dickey Stephens Park.jpg

Little Rock is home to the Arkansas Travelers. They are the AA professional Minor League Baseball affiliate of the Seattle Mariners in the Texas League. The Travelers played their last game in Little Rock at Ray Winder Field on September 3, 2006, and moved into Dickey–Stephens Park in nearby North Little Rock in April 2007.

The Little Rock Rangers soccer club of the National Premier Soccer League played their inaugural seasons in 2016 and 2017 for the men's and women's teams respectively. Home games are played at War Memorial Stadium.

Little Rock was also home to the Arkansas Twisters (later Arkansas Diamonds) of Arena Football 2 and Indoor Football League and the Arkansas RimRockers of the American Basketball Association and NBA Development League. Both of these teams played at Verizon Arena in North Little Rock.

The city is also home to the Little Rock Trojans, the athletic program of the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. The majority of the school's athletic teams are housed in the Jack Stephens Center, which opened in 2005. As of 2022, the Trojans play in the Ohio Valley Conference.

Little Rock's War Memorial Stadium hosts at least one University of Arkansas Razorback football game each year. The stadium is known for being in the middle of a golf course. Each fall, the city closes the golf course on Razorback football weekends to allow the estimated 80,000 people who attend take part in tailgating activities. War Memorial also hosts the Arkansas High School football state championships, and starting in the fall of 2006 hosts one game apiece for the University of Central Arkansas and the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff. Arkansas State University also plays at the stadium from time to time.

Little Rock was a host of the First and Second Rounds of the 2008 NCAA men's basketball tournament. It has also been a host of the SEC women's basketball tournament.

The now defunct Arkansas RiverBlades and Arkansas GlacierCats, both minor-league hockey teams, were in the Little Rock area. The GlacierCats of the now defunct Western Professional Hockey League (WPHL) played in Little Rock at Barton Coliseum while the RiverBlades of the ECHL played at the Verizon Arena.

Little Rock is home to the Grande Maumelle Sailing Club. Established in 1959, the club hosts multiple regattas during the year on both Lake Maumelle and the Arkansas River.

Little Rock is also home to the Little Rock Marathon, held on the first Saturday of March every year since 2003. The marathon features the world's largest medal given to marathon participants.{{Cite web |date=January 31, 2023 |title=21 Top-Rated Attractions & Things to Do in Little Rock, AR - Best Place projct |url=https://bestplaceproject.com/attractions-things-to-do-in-little-rock-ar/ |access-date=February 4, 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=February 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204060226/https://bestplaceproject.com/attractions-things-to-do-in-little-rock-ar/ |url-status=live }}

File:Pinnacle Mountain 20171118 1632.jpg]]

Little Rock has 48 parks in its park system.{{cite web |title=Parks, Facility & Trail Information |url=https://www.littlerock.gov/residents/parks-and-recreation/park-facility-trail-information/ |access-date=May 6, 2022 |publisher=Little Rock Parks & Recreation |archive-date=September 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914074307/https://www.littlerock.gov/residents/parks-and-recreation/city-park-information/ |url-status=live }}

The region's largest park is Pinnacle Mountain State Park, a {{convert|2000|acre}} park surrounding Pinnacle Mountain in the Ouachita Mountains.{{cite web |title=Pinnacle Mountain State Park |url=https://www.arkansasstateparks.com/pinnaclemountain/ |publisher=Arkansas State Parks |access-date=September 11, 2023 |archive-date=July 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708115441/https://www.arkansasstateparks.com/pinnaclemountain/ |url-status=live }} The Arkansas Arboretum at the park features flora and tree plantings correspond to Arkansas's six geographical regions.{{Cite web |title=Encyclopedia of Arkansas |url=https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/mississippi-alluvial-plain-444/ |access-date=February 4, 2021 |website=Encyclopedia of Arkansas |language=en-US |archive-date=March 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302234734/https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/mississippi-alluvial-plain-444/ |url-status=live }}

The Arkansas River Trail runs {{convert|17|mi}} along both sides of the Arkansas River through a portion of Little Rock, including over the Big Dam Bridge, the longest pedestrian/bicycle bridge in North America that has never been used by trains or motor vehicles at {{convert|4226|feet}}.

Little Rock Zoo, founded in 1926, consists of at least 725 animals and over 200 species.{{cite web |url=http://www.littlerockzoo.com/history |title=History |work=littlerockzoo.com |publisher=Little Rock Zoo |access-date=May 7, 2010 |archive-date=May 5, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505131058/http://www.littlerockzoo.com/history |url-status=live }}

{{see also|List of mayors of Little Rock, Arkansas}}

File:Pulaski County Courthouse, Little Rock, Arkansas.jpg, built in 1887]]

The city has operated under the city manager form of government since November 1957. In 1993, voters approved changes from seven at-large city directors (who rated the position of mayor among themselves) to a popularly elected mayor, seven ward directors and three at-large directors. The position of mayor remained a part-time position until August 2007. At that point, voters approved making the mayor's position a full-time position with veto power, while a vice mayor is selected by and among members of the city board. The current mayor, elected in November 2018, is Frank Scott Jr., a former assistant bank executive, pastor and state highway commissioner. The city manager is Bruce T. Moore, the longest-serving city manager in Little Rock history.{{Cite web |title=City Managers of Little Rock {{!}} City of Little Rock |url=https://www.littlerock.gov/city-administration/cityclerksoffice/city-managers-of-little-rock/ |access-date=June 8, 2021 |website=www.littlerock.gov |archive-date=April 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427101045/https://www.littlerock.gov/city-administration/cityclerksoffice/city-managers-of-little-rock/ |url-status=live }} The city employs over 2,500 people in 14 different departments, including the police department, the fire department, parks and recreation, and the zoo.

Most Pulaski County government offices are in Little Rock, including the Quorum, Circuit, District, and Juvenile Courts; and the Assessor, County Judge, County Attorney, and Public Defender's offices.

Both the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas and the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit have judicial facilities in Little Rock. Emergency Response is brought to you by the Little Rock Police Department, Little Rock Fire Department, and Metropolitan Emergency Medical Service (MEMS)

File:AR LR Central High.jpg led celebrations of the 40th anniversary of desegregation at Little Rock Central High School]]

The Little Rock School District (LRSD) includes the majority of Little Rock.{{cite map|author=Geography Divison|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st05_ar/schooldistrict_maps/c05119_pulaski/DC20SD_C05119.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417221133/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st05_ar/schooldistrict_maps/c05119_pulaski/DC20SD_C05119.pdf |archive-date=April 17, 2021 |url-status=live|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Pulaski County, AR|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|date=December 17, 2020|accessdate=July 20, 2022}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st05_ar/schooldistrict_maps/c05119_pulaski/DC20SD_C05119_SD2MS.txt Text list] {{As of|2012}}, the district has 64 schools with more schools being built. As of the 2009–2010 school year, the district's enrollment is 25,685. It has 5 high schools, 8 middle schools, 31 elementary schools, 1 early childhood (pre-kindergarten) center, 2 alternative schools, 1 adult education center, 1 accelerated learning center, 1 career-technical center, and about 3,800 employees. The public high schools in Little Rock are Little Rock Central High School, Little Rock Southwest High School, Little Rock West High School, Hall STEAM Magnet High School and Parkview Arts and Science Magnet High School.

The Pulaski County Special School District (PCSSD) serves parts of Little Rock. The following PCSSD high schools, Mills University Studies High School and Joe T. Robinson High School, have Little Rock post office addresses, though they are outside of the city limits.

Little Rock is home to both the Arkansas School for the Blind (ASB) and the Arkansas School for the Deaf (ASD), which are state-run schools operated by the Board of Trustees of the ASB–ASD. In addition, eStem Public Charter High School and LISA Academy provide tuition-free public education as charter schools.

Various private schools are in Little Rock, such as: Arkansas Baptist School System, Central Arkansas Christian Schools, Episcopal Collegiate School, Little Rock Catholic High School, Little Rock Christian Academy, Mount Saint Mary Academy and Pulaski Academy. Little Rock's Catholic high school for African-Americans, St. Bartholomew High School, closed in 1964. The Catholic grade school St. Bartholomew School, also established for African-Americans, closed in 1974.{{cite news |author=Hargett, Malea |url=http://www.arkansas-catholic.org/news/article/2994/States-last-black-Catholic-school-to-close |title=State's last black Catholic school to close |newspaper=Arkansas Catholic |date=May 12, 2012 |access-date=July 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731143150/http://www.arkansas-catholic.org/news/article/2994/States-last-black-Catholic-school-to-close |archive-date=July 31, 2017 |url-status=live }} The Our Lady of Good Counsel School closed in 2006.{{cite news |author=Hargett, Malea |url=http://www.arkansas-catholic.org/news/article/3421/Despite-year-of-grace-St-Joseph-School-will-close |title=Despite 'year of grace,' St. Joseph School will close |newspaper=Arkansas Catholic |date=March 28, 2013 |access-date=July 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731143111/http://www.arkansas-catholic.org/news/article/3421/Despite-year-of-grace-St-Joseph-School-will-close |archive-date=July 31, 2017 |url-status=live }}

Little Rock is home to two universities that are part of the University of Arkansas System: the University of Arkansas at Little Rock and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.{{cite web |title=UA Littlerock Administration Quick Facts |url=https://ualr.edu/administration/fast-facts/ |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=December 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207232422/https://ualr.edu/administration/fast-facts/ |url-status=live }} UAMS consists of six colleges, seven institutes, several research centers, and the UAMS Medical Center.{{Cite web |title=About UAMS |url=https://web.uams.edu/about/ |access-date=August 21, 2020 |website=uams.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=April 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422035729/https://web.uams.edu/about/ |url-status=live }}

A pair of smaller, historically black colleges, Arkansas Baptist College and Philander Smith College, affiliated with the United Methodist Church, are also in Little Rock. Located in downtown is the Clinton School of Public Service, a branch of the University of Arkansas System, which offers master's degrees in public service. Pulaski Technical College has two locations in Little Rock. The Pulaski Technical College Little Rock-South site houses programs in automotive technology, collision repair technology, commercial driver training, diesel technology, small engine repair technology and motorcycle/all-terrain vehicle repair technology. The Pulaski Technical College Culinary Arts and Hospitality Management Institute and The Finish Line Cafe are also in Little Rock-South. There is a Missionary Baptist Seminary in Little Rock associated with the American Baptist Association. The school began as Missionary Baptist College in Sheridan in Grant County.

The Central Arkansas Library System comprises the main building downtown and numerous branches throughout the city, Jacksonville, Maumelle, Perryville, Sherwood and Wrightsville. The Pulaski County Law Library is at the William H. Bowen School of Law.

{{Main|Media in Little Rock, Arkansas}}

{{see also|List of newspapers in Arkansas|List of radio stations in Arkansas|List of television stations in Arkansas}}

The Arkansas Democrat Gazette is the largest newspaper in the city, as well as the state. As of March 31, 2006, Sunday circulation is 275,991 copies, while daily (Monday-Saturday) circulation is 180,662, according to the Audit Bureau of Circulations. The monthly magazine Arkansas Life, part of the newspaper's niche publications division, began publication in September 2008. From 2007 to 2015, the newspaper also published the free tabloid Sync Weekly. Beginning in 2020, the ADG ceased weekday publication of the newspaper and moved to an exclusive online version. The only physical newspaper the Democrat-Gazette now publishes is a Sunday edition.{{Cite news |url=http://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2015/oct/23/sync-weekly-cease-publication-wednesday/ |title=Sync weekly magazine to cease publication Wednesday |date=October 23, 2015 |work=Arkansas Online |access-date=June 22, 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127005747/https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2015/oct/23/sync-weekly-cease-publication-wednesday/ |archive-date=November 27, 2018 |url-status=live }}

The Daily Record provides daily legal and real estate news each weekday. Healthcare news covered by Healthcare Journal of Little Rock. Entertainment and political coverage is provided weekly in Arkansas Times. Business and economics news is published weekly in Arkansas Business. Entertainment, Political, Business, and Economics news is published Monthly in "Arkansas Talks".

In addition to area newspapers, the Little Rock market is served by a variety of magazines covering diverse interests. The publications are:

{{Div col}}

• At Home in Arkansas
• AY Magazine
• Inviting Arkansas
• Little Rock Family
• Little Rock Soiree
• RealLIVING

{{Div col end}}

Many television networks have local affiliates in Little Rock, in addition to numerous independent stations. As for cable TV services, Comcast has a monopoly over Little Rock and much of Pulaski County. Some suburbs have the option of having Comcast, Charter or other cable companies.

Television stations in the Little Rock area include:

{{Incomplete list|date=August 2016}}

{{Main|Rock Region Metro|Little Rock (Amtrak station)|Clinton National Airport}}

File:River Rail Streetcar, downtown Little Rock, Arkansas (November 2008).jpg heritage streetcar system]]

Two primary Interstate Highways and four auxiliary Interstates serve Little Rock. Interstate 40 (I-40) passes through North Little Rock to the north, and I-30 enters the city from the south, ending at I-40 in the north of the Arkansas River. Shorter routes designed to accommodate the flow of urban traffic across town include I-430, which bypasses the city to the west, I-440, which serves the eastern part of Little Rock including Clinton National Airport, and I-630 which runs east–west through the city, connecting west Little Rock with the central business district. I-530 runs southeast to Pine Bluff as a spur route.{{Cite map |publisher=Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department |title=General Highway Map, Pulaski County, Arkansas |url=http://www.arkansashighways.com/maps/Counties/County%20PDFs/PulaskiCounty.pdf |cartography=Planning and Research Department |scale=1:62500 |date=December 22, 2011 |access-date=March 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707162427/http://www.arkansashighways.com/maps/Counties/County%20PDFs/PulaskiCounty.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2011 |url-status=live }}

U.S. Route 70 parallels I-40 into North Little Rock before multiplexing with I-30. US 67 and US 167 share the same route from the northeast before splitting. US 67 and US 70 multiplex with I-30 to the southwest. US 167 multiplexes with US 65 and I-530 to the southeast.

File:Map of Little Rock Railway and Electric Company c 1907.png

Rock Region Metro, which until 2015 was named the Central Arkansas Transit Authority (CATA), provide public bus service within the city. As of January 2010, CATA operated 23 regular fixed routes, 3 express routes, as well as special events shuttle buses and paratransit service for disabled persons.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} Of the 23 fixed-route services, 16 offer daily service, 6 offer weekday service with limited service on Saturday, and one route runs exclusively on weekdays. The three express routes run on weekday mornings and afternoons. Since November 2004, Rock Region Metro's Metro Streetcar system (formerly the River Rail Electric Streetcar) has served downtown Little Rock and North Little Rock. The Streetcar is a {{convert|3.4|mi|km|adj=on}}-long heritage streetcar system that runs from the North Little Rock City Hall and throughout downtown Little Rock before it crosses over to the William J. Clinton Presidential Library. The streetcar line has fourteen stops and a fleet of five cars with a daily ridership of around 350.

Greyhound Lines serves Dallas and Memphis, as well as intermediate points, with numerous connections to other cities and towns. Jefferson Lines serves Fort Smith, Kansas City, and Oklahoma City, as well as intermediate points, with numerous connections to other cities and towns. These carriers operate out of the North Little Rock bus station.

Amtrak serves the city twice daily via the Texas Eagle, with northbound service to Chicago and southbound service to San Antonio, as well as numerous intermediate points. Through service to Los Angeles and intermediate points operates three times a week. The train carries coaches, a sleeping car, a dining car, and a Sightseer Lounge car. Reservations are required.

Nine airlines, of which eight are passenger ones and one is a cargo one, serve many national gateway cities from Clinton National Airport. In 2006, airlines carried approximately 2.1 million passengers on approximately 116 daily flights to and from Little Rock.

According to the 2016 American Community Survey, 82.9 percent of working Little Rock residents commuted by driving alone, 8.9 percent carpooled, 1.1 percent used public transportation, and 1.8 percent walked. About 1.3 percent commuted by all other means of transportation, including taxi, bicycle, and motorcycle. About 4 percent worked out of the home.{{cite web |publisher=Census Reporter |title=Means of Transportation to Work by Age |access-date=May 6, 2018 |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B08101&geo_ids=16000US0541000&primary_geo_id=16000US0541000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507085346/https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B08101&geo_ids=16000US0541000&primary_geo_id=16000US0541000 |archive-date=May 7, 2018 |url-status=live }}

In 2015, 8.2 percent of city of Little Rock households were without a car, which increased slightly to 8.9 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Little Rock averaged 1.58 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8 per household.{{cite journal |title=Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map |journal=Governing |date=December 9, 2014 |url=http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html |access-date=May 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511162014/http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html |archive-date=May 11, 2018 |url-status=live }}

Hospitals in Little Rock include:

{{Div col}}

• Arkansas State Hospital – Psychiatric Division
• Arkansas Children's Hospital
• Arkansas Heart Hospital
• Baptist Health Medical Center
• Central Arkansas Veteran's Health care System (CAVHS)
• Pinnacle Pointe Hospital
• St. Vincent Health System
• UAMS Medical Center

{{Div col end}}

The City of Little Rock and the surrounding area are serviced by Metropolitan Emergency Medical Services (MEMS), a public, non-profit, public utility model{{Cite web |last=City of Little Rock |date=November 6, 2005 |title=Little Rock Ordinance No. 14,668 |url=http://web.littlerock.state.ar.us/WebLink/DocView.aspx?id=40201&dbid=0&repo=CityofLittleRock |access-date=July 26, 2023 |website=Laserfiche |publication-date=May 30, 1984 |archive-date=July 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726151336/http://web.littlerock.state.ar.us/WebLink/DocView.aspx?id=40201&dbid=0&repo=CityofLittleRock |url-status=live }} ambulance service.{{Cite web |date=November 7, 2022 |title=Service Map |url=https://metroems.org/about-mems/service-map |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=MEMS |language=en-gb |archive-date=July 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714172423/https://metroems.org/about-mems/service-map |url-status=live }}

In the early years of EMS, the city of Little Rock was serviced by multiple ambulance services. Subsequently, patient care was overshadowed by profit. A walk-out of one of the two services, Medic Vac, led to the creation of the Little Rock Ambulance Authority and MEMS in 1984.{{Cite web |date=December 10, 2022 |title=Our History |url=https://metroems.org/about-mems/our-history |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=MEMS |language=en-gb |archive-date=July 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714172424/https://metroems.org/about-mems/our-history |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=City of Little Rock |date=November 11, 2005 |orig-date=May 25, 1984 |title=Little Rock Ordinance No. 14,666 |url=http://web.littlerock.state.ar.us/WebLink/DocView.aspx?id=40199&dbid=0&repo=CityofLittleRock |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=LaserFiche |archive-date=July 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726155249/http://web.littlerock.state.ar.us/WebLink/DocView.aspx?id=40199&dbid=0&repo=CityofLittleRock |url-status=live }}

{{Main|List of people from Little Rock, Arkansas}}

Little Rock's sister cities are:{{cite web |title=Sister Cities Commission |url=https://www.littlerock.gov/city-administration/city-boards-and-commissions/sister-cities-commission/ |website=littlerock.gov |publisher=City of Little Rock |access-date=May 8, 2024 |archive-date=May 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508090441/https://www.littlerock.gov/city-administration/city-boards-and-commissions/sister-cities-commission/ |url-status=live }}

• {{flagicon|TWN}} Kaohsiung, Taiwan (1983)
• {{flagicon|KOR}} Hanam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea (1992)
• {{flagicon|CHN}} Changchun, Jilin, China (1994)
• {{flagicon|UK}} Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England, United Kingdom (1999)
• {{flagicon|BRA}} Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (2017)
• {{flagicon|RUS}} Bolshoy Kamen, Russia (2024)

{{Portal|Arkansas|Cities}}

• Arkansas Metropolitan Areas
• Baptist Missionary Association of America
• Jack Stephens Center
• List of capitals in the United States
• Little Rock Air Force Base
• Lucie's Place
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Little Rock, Arkansas
• {{USS|Little Rock|CL-92}}
• {{USS|Little Rock|LCS-9}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20111102195227/http://www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=14656 "Navy Names Littoral Combat Ship Little Rock"] DOD press release. July 15, 2011
• List of municipalities in Arkansas

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

{{see also|Timeline of Little Rock, Arkansas#Bibliography}}

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}

• The Atlas of Arkansas, Richard M. Smith 1989
• Cities in the U.S.; The South, Fourth Edition, Volume 1, Linda Schmittroth, 2001
• Greater Little Rock: a contemporary portrait, Letha Mills, 1990
• How We Lived: Little Rock as an American City, Frederick Hampton Roy, 1985
• Morgan, James. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20080515222901/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2005/5/2005_5_50.shtml Little Rock: The 2005 American Heritage Great American Place]" American Heritage, October 2005.
• {{cite book |last=O'Donnell |first=William W. |date=1987 |title=The Civil War Quadrennium: A Narrative History of Day-to-Day Life in Little Rock, Arkansas During the American War Between Northern and Southern States 1861-1865 |edition=2nd |location=Little Rock, Ark. |publisher=Civil War Round Table of Arkansas |lccn=85-72643 |via=Horton Brothers Printing Company}}
• Redefining the Color Line: Black Activism in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1940-1970, John A. Kirk, 2002.
• {{cite book |last=Rothensteiner |first=Rev. John |date=1928 |chapter=Chapter 7: Post of Arkansas, New Gascony and Little Rock |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/historyofarchdio01roth/page/n549/mode/2up |title=History of the Archdiocese of St. Louis in its Various Stages of Development from A. D. 1673 to A. D. 1928 |volume=I |location=St. Louis, Mo. |publisher=Blackwell Wielandy Co. |pages=479–489 |lccn=29005191 |oclc=1122286 |ol=16429105M |access-date=March 20, 2025 |via=Internet Archive}}

{{Div col end}}

{{Sister project links|wikt=Little Rock|commonscat=yes|n=no|q=no|s=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Little Rock|author=Little Rock|b=no|voy=Little Rock|v=no|d=Q33405}}

• {{official website}}

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