Marie Marguerite Rose
{{short description|Canadian entrepreneur and enslaved person}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2021}}{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2021}}
Marie Marguerite Rose (c. 1717–1757) was a Guinea-born Canadian slave. In 2008, Rose was made a Person of National Historic Significance by the Government of Canada.
Biography
In 1736, Jean Chrysostome Loppinot, a French naval officer posted in Louisbourg, on Île Royale, modern-day Cape Breton, purchased Rose at an unknown price.{{cite book|last1=Forster|first1=Merna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Au9HDgFrgyEC&pg=PA298|title=100 More Canadian Heroines|date=2011-09-07|publisher=Dundurn Press|isbn=978-1-4597-0086-4|pages=298}} She was then baptized in September, given a French name and possibly branded. The certificate of her baptism places her at approximately nineteen years old.{{sfn|Elgersman|1999|p=134}}
For nineteen years she performed domestic duties; cooking meals, washing clothes and scrubbing floors in the Loppinot household, which included up to 12 children.{{cite news|last=Hayes|first=Chris|date=2011-07-16|title=Fortress of Louisburg exhibit celebrates Marie Marguerite Rose|work=Cape Breton Post|url=https://www.pressreader.com/canada/cape-breton-post/20110716/284223757169945|access-date=January 2, 2021|archive-date=January 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102192428/https://www.pressreader.com/canada/cape-breton-post/20110716/284223757169945|url-status=live}} During this time, she became pregnant to an unknown father, later giving birth to a son, Jean-Francois. Jean-Francois became a de facto slave until his death at the age of thirteen.
Shortly after the fall of Louisbourg in 1745, she and her son, along with the Loppinot family, moved to Rochefort, despite the illegality of slavery in France. In 1749, they returned to Louisbourg, where her son died.
She was manumitted in 1755.{{Cite web|date=2019-07-26|title=Marie Marguerite Rose plaque - Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Site|url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/ns/louisbourg/decouvrir-discover/visite-tour/37_mariemargueriterose|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102192604/https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/ns/louisbourg/decouvrir-discover/visite-tour/37_mariemargueriterose|archive-date=January 2, 2021|access-date=2021-01-02|website=Parks Canada}} Around 1755, she married Jean Pierre Laurent, a Mi'kmaw man, described in contemporary accounts as an "Indian".{{sfn|Elgersman|1999|p=134}} In 1756, she and her husband rented a house from Bernard Parris, a navy captain.{{sfn|Elgersman|1999|p=134}}
The couple began a tavern in Louisbourg, at the corner of Saint-Louis Street and Place d'Armes, near the barracks.{{Cite web|title=Government of Canada Commemorates Marie Marguerite Rose|date=2011-07-16|publisher=Parks Canada|url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/APPS/CP-NR/release_e.asp?id=1740&andor1=nr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211255/http://www.pc.gc.ca/APPS/CP-NR/release_e.asp?id=1740&andor1=nr|archive-date=2016-03-04}} Elgersman, relying on invoices that survive, notes that their tavern must have had a "diverse clientele".{{Sfn|Elgersman|1999|p=135}}
In 1757, her second year of freedom, she died. She was buried at the Fortress of Louisbourg. At her death an inventory was taken. "She had an extensive collection of used clothing and a pair of half-made woollen stockings. Her other possessions were balls of handmade soap, an iron, supplies for dyeing clothes, six pounds of sugar and a cookbook," despite her inability to read.
Legacy
In April 2008, Rose was made a Person of National Historic Significance by the government of Canada.{{Cite web|title=Rose, Marie Marguerite National Historic Person|url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=12005|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102192436/https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=12005|archive-date=January 2, 2021|access-date=2021-01-02|publisher=Parks Canada|language=en}}{{Cite journal|last=Lane-Jonah|first=Anne Marie|date=2016|title=Everywoman's Biography: The Stories of Marie Marguerite Rose and Jeanne Dugas at Louisbourg|url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/Acadiensis/article/view/24584|journal=Acadiensis|volume=45|issue=1|pages=143–162|issn=0044-5851|jstor=24877231|access-date=January 2, 2021|archive-date=January 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102192538/https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/Acadiensis/article/view/24584|url-status=live}}
In 2009, Parks Canada began a Slavery Tour at the Louisbourg fortress. Rose's life is highlighted during the tour.{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Au9HDgFrgyEC&pg=PA298 |title = 100 More Canadian Heroines: Famous and Forgotten Faces|isbn = 978-1-4597-0086-4|last1 = Forster|first1 = Merna|date = 2011-09-07| publisher=Dundurn }}
On August 6, 2010, Cathy McLeod, Member of Parliament for Kamloops-Thompson-Cariboo, on behalf of Jim Prentice, Minister of the Environment and Minister responsible for Parks Canada, commemorated a plaque in Rose's honour.{{Cite web|date=2010-08-06|title=Inspirational Figure in Nova Scotia's 18th Century Black Community Celebrated|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/news/archive/2010/08/inspirational-figure-nova-scotia-18th-century-black-community-celebrated-552439.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102192604/https://www.canada.ca/en/news/archive/2010/08/inspirational-figure-nova-scotia-18th-century-black-community-celebrated-552439.html|archive-date=January 2, 2021|access-date=2021-01-02|publisher=Parks Canada}}{{Cite web|date=2010-08-06|title=Un hommage est rendu à une personnalité inspirante de la communauté noire du XVIIIe siècle de la Nouvelle-Écosse|url=https://www.canada.ca/fr/nouvelles/archive/2010/08/hommage-est-rendu-personnalite-inspirante-communaute-noire-xviiie-siccle-nouvelle-ecosse.html|access-date=2021-01-02|publisher=Department of Canadian Heritage|language=fr}}
On July 16, 2011, Peter Kent, Canada's Environment Minister and Minister responsible for Parks Canada, unveiled an exhibit celebrating Marie Marguerite Rose. During the presentation he gave an address:
{{quote|This exhibit represents the immense perseverance of Marie Marguerite Rose, a woman who with courage and dignity asserted her rights at a time when they were far from assured. Her life serves as a reminder of both our nation’s diverse heritage and the freedoms we as Canadians enjoy today.|author=|title=|source=}}
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
- {{Cite book|last=Elgersman|first=Maureen Lee|url=https://archive.org/details/unyieldingspirit0000elge|url-access=registration|title=Unyielding Spirits: Black Women and Slavery in Early Canada and Jamaica|date=1999|publisher=Garland Publishing|isbn=0-8153-3229-7|oclc=40668184}}
Further reading
- {{Cite journal|last=Donovan|first=Kenneth|date=1995|title=Slaves and Their Owners in Île Royale, 1713–1760|url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/Acadiensis/article/view/12019|journal=Acadiensis|volume=25|issue=1|pages=3–32|issn=0044-5851|jstor=30303482}}
- {{Cite book|last=Donovan|first=Kenneth|editor-last=Hallowell|editor-first=Gerald|chapter=Rose, Marie Marguerite|title=The Oxford Companion to Canadian History|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-541559-9|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195415599.001.0001}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rose, Marie Marguerite}}