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Marnes de Dives

{{Short description|Geological formation in Normandy, France}}

{{Infobox rockunit

| name = Marnes de Dives

| period = Callovian

| age = Late {{fossilrange|Callovian}}

| image = Falaises_des_Vaches_Noires.jpg

| imagesize =

| caption = Falaises des Vaches Noires

| type = Geological formation

| prilithology = Marl

| otherlithology = Limestone

| unitof =

| subunits =

| underlies = Marnes de Villers

| overlies =

| thickness = {{Convert|8-10|m|ft|-1}}

| area =

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| region = Normandy

| country = {{Flag|France}}

| extent = Paris Basin

| namedfor = Dives-sur-Mer

| namedby =

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The Marnes de Dives is a geological formation in Normandy, France. It dates back to the upper part of the Callovian stage of the Middle Jurassic.Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Middle Jurassic, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 538–541. {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}. And is partially equivalent to the Oxford Clay in England. It predominantly consists of ooidal marl, rich in pyrite and lignite, interbedded with thin limestone horizons.{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273444959|title=Le Jurassique des falaises des Vaches-Noires|last=Lebrun|first=Patrice|last2=Courville|first2=Philippe|date=2013}} It is best exposed at the base of the Falaises des Vaches Noires (Cliffs of Black Cows) as well as the foreshore at low tide. It is known for its fossils, notably those of ammonites, marine crocodiles and fragmentary remains of dinosaurs, mostly theropods.

File:Falaises des Vaches Noires panorama.JPG

Vertebrate fauna

= Dinosaurs =

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="6" align="center" |Dinosaurs of the Marnes de Dives
Taxa

!Species

! Presence

! Description

!Images

Piveteausaurus

|P. divesensis

|Vaches Noires

|

Braincase."Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 73.

|File:Piveteausaurus divesensis skull 5.jpg

|

Streptospondylus

|S. altdorfensis

|Vaches Noires{{Cite journal|last=Brignon|first=Arnaud|date=April 2016|title=L'abbé Bacheley et la découverte des premiers dinosaures et crocodiliens marins dans le Jurassique des Vaches Noires (Callovien/Oxfordien, Normandie)|journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol|language=fr|volume=15|issue=5|pages=595–605|doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2015.10.004|doi-access=free}}

|Megalosaurid dinosaur. Originally a chimera of dinosaur and marine crocodile material. redefined to solely refer to the syntype dinosaur material consisting of "several vertebrae series, single vertebrae, a partial left pubis and limb elements". May be from the overlying Marnes de Villers, but the Marnes de Dives is much more productive and was better exposed when it was collected in the 18th century.

|File:Streptospondylus altdorfensis.JPG

Sauropoda

|Indeterminate

|Vaches Noires

|Remains consist of a single vertebra, destroyed in 1944, may be from the overlying Marnes de VillersA. Bigot Vertèbre de Cetiosaurus de l’Oxfordien de Dives

Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 9 (1895), p. XXXIII

|

Stegosauria

|Indeterminate

|Vaches Noires

|Remains consist of 2 associated vertebra in hard limestone{{Cite journal|last=Buffetaut|first=Eric|last2=Tabouelle|first2=Jérôme|date=July 2019|title=Thyreophoran vertebrae from the Callovian (Middle Jurassic) of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France), with remarks on the dinosaur assemblage from the Vaches Noires|journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol|volume=18|issue=7|pages=891–896|doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2019.04.009|doi-access=free}}

|

Theropoda

|Indeterminate

|Vaches Noires

|Multiple taxa represented, including indeterminate megalosaurid material possibly referrable to the two named taxa alongside fragmentary remains of Allosauroids,Un metatarsien de dinosaure theropode dans le Jurassique des Falaises des Vaches Noires (Calvados, Normandie, France). Bulletin Sciences et Geologie Normandes 1:49-53 Including dentary and maxilla fragments. Other theropod remains include an associated braincase and frontal.{{Cite journal|last=Evariste|first=Monvoisin|date=2019|title=Diversité des dinosaures théropodes dans le Jurassique des Falaises des Vaches Noires (Calvados, Normandie) (Masters Thesis)|url=http://www.paleospace-villers.fr/media/pdf/diversite-des-dinosaures-theropodes-dans-le-jurassique-des-falaises-des-vaches-noires.pdf|journal=Centre de Recherche Sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), MNHN, CNRS, Sorbonne Science Université}}E. Buffetaut, J. Enos Un nouveau fragment crânien de dinosaure théropode du Jurassique des Vaches Noires (Normandie, France) remarques sur la diversité des théropodes jurassiques européens C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. II, 314 (1992), pp. 217-222 Allosauroid material bears similarities to metriacanthosaurids. Material is of unclear stratigraphic provenance, and may belong to overlying cliff strata.{{Cite journal |last=Monvoisin |first=Evariste |last2=Allain |first2=Ronan |last3=Buffetaut |first3=Eric |last4=Picot |first4=Laurent |date=2022-03-24 |title=New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France) |url=https://bioone.org/journals/geodiversitas/volume-44/issue-12/geodiversi-tas2022v44a12/New-data-on-the-theropod-diversity-from-the-Middle-to/10.5252/geodiversi-tas2022v44a12.full |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=44 |issue=12 |doi=10.5252/geodiversi-tas2022v44a12 |issn=1280-9659|doi-access=free }}

|

= Crocodyliformes =

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

! colspan="5" |Crocodyliformes of the Marnes de Dives

!

Taxa

!Species

!Presence

!Description

!Images

!

Tyrannoneustes{{cite journal|author1=Mark T. Young|author2=Marco Brandalise de Andrade|author3=Stephen L. Brusatte|author4=Manabu Sakamoto|author5=Jeff Liston|year=2013|title=The oldest known metriorhynchid super-predator: a new genus and species from the Middle Jurassic of England, with implications for serration and mandibular evolution in predacious clades|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology|volume=11|issue=4|pages=475–513|doi=10.1080/14772019.2012.704948}}

|T. lythrodectikos

|Vaches Noires

|A geosaurine metriorhynchid

|

|

Metriorhynchus

|M. geoffroyii

|Vaches Noires

|A metriorhynchine metriorhynchid

|

|

Neosteneosaurus

|N. edwardsi

|Villers-sur-Mer

|A machimosaurid thalattosuchian

|File:Neosteneosaurus.png

|

Proexochokefalos

|P. heberti

|Villers-sur-Mer

|A machimosaurid thalattosuchian

|File:Proexochokefalos.png

|

Thalattosuchus{{cite journal |author1=Mark T. Young, FLS |author2=Arnaud Brignon |author3=Sven Sachs |author4=Jahn J. Hornung |author5=Davide Foffa |author6=James J. N. Kitson |author7=Michela M. Johnson |author8=Lorna Steel |year=2021 |title=Cutting the Gordian knot: a historical and taxonomic revision of the Jurassic crocodylomorph Metriorhynchus |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=192 |issue=2 |pages=510–553 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa092 |issn=0024-4082|url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/192/2/510/5952483 }}

|T. superciliosus

|Villers-sur-Mer

|A metriorhynchine metriorhynchid

|frameless

|

= Icthyosaurs =

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

! colspan="5" |Ichthyosaurs of the Marnes de Dives

!

Taxa

!Species

!Presence

!Description

!Images

!

Ophthalmosaurus

|Indeterminate{{Cite journal |date=2018 |title=Contexte historique de la collection Félix de Roissy (1771-1843) de reptiles marins jurassiques des Vaches Noires |trans-title=Historical context of the Félix de Roissy (1771-1843) collection of Jurassic marine reptiles from the Vaches Noires |url=https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/fr/periodiques/geodiversitas/40/2 |journal=Geodiversitas |language=fr |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=43–68}}

|Vaches Noires

|A ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur

|

|

= Fish =

class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"

! colspan="5" |Fish of the Marnes de DivesSimon Beaufils (2022) [https://www.paleospace-villers.fr/media/pdf/composition-et-reseau-trophique-de-l-ichtyofaune-du-jurassique-moyen.pdf Composition et réseau trophique de l'ichtyofaune du Jurassique moyen (Callovien) des Vaches Noires, Calvados, Normandie]

Taxa

!Species

!Presence

!Description

!Images

LeedsichthysJ. J. Liston and D. Gendry. 2015. Le Python de Caen, les algues géantes d'Amblie, et austres spécimens perdus de Leedsichthys d'Alexandre Bourienne, Jules Morière, Eugène Eudes-Deslongchamps et Alexandre Bigot. L'Echo des falaises 19:17-34

|L. problematicus

| rowspan="6" |Vaches Noires

|A giant pachycormiform fish, may be from overlying Marnes de Villiers

|

Trachymetopon

|Indeterminate

|A giant coelacanth

|

cf. Hypsocormus

|Indeterminate

|A pachycormid fish

|

Pycnodontiformes

|Indeterminate

|

|

Lepidotidae

|Indeterminate

|A ginglymodian

|

Ichthyodectiformes

|Indeterminate

|A stem-group teleost

|

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Category:Geologic formations of France

Category:Middle Jurassic Europe

Category:Jurassic France

Category:Callovian Stage

Category:Jurassic System of Europe