Marsh tern

The genus Chlidonias was introduced in 1822 by the French polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque with Sterna melanops Rafinesque = Sterna surinamensis Gmelin, J.F. as the type species.{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1934 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=2 | publisher=Harvard University Press | location=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=327 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483140 }}{{ cite news | last=Rafinesque | first=Constantine Samuel | title=On the wandering sea-birds of the western states | date=21 February 1822 | location=Lexington, Kentucky | work=Kentucky Gazette | page=3, col 5 }} The article was reprinted in: {{ cite journal | last=Rhoads | first=Samuel N. | date=1912 | title=Additions to the known ornithological publications of C. S. Rafinesque | journal=The Auk | volume=29 | pages=191–198 [197] | doi=10.2307/4071354 | jstor=4071354 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16020101 }} The name Chlidonias is from Ancient Greek {{transliteration|grc|khelidonios}}, "swallow-like", from {{transliteration|grc|khelidon}}, "swallow".{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher= Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page = [https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n102 102]}}

The genus contains four species:{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen | date=December 2023 | title=Noddies, gulls, terns, skimmers, skuas, auks | work=IOC World Bird List Version 14.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/gulls/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=21 July 2024 }}

{{Species table |genus=Chlidonias |authority-name= Rafinesque |authority-year=1822 |species-count=four|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Black tern |binomial=Chlidonias niger

|image=File:Čorík čierny (Chlidonias niger) a (4644831482).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Linnaeus |authority-year=1758 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= Europe, Western Asia and North America.

|range-image=File:Chlidonias niger map.svg

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Two subspecies |bullets=on

| C. n. niger (Linnaeus, 1758)

| C. n. surinamensis (Gmelin, JF, 1789)

}}

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=White-winged tern or white-winged black tern |binomial=Chlidonias leucopterus

|image=File:White-winged Tern, Mścichy, Biebrzański Park Narodowy, Polska.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Temminck |authority-year=1815 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia.

|range-image=File:Chlidonias leucopterus map.svg

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Whiskered tern |binomial=Chlidonias hybrida

|image=File:Chlidonias hybrida 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Pallas|authority-year= 1811 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= Europe and the Palearctic (northwestern Africa and central and southern Europe to southeastern Siberia, eastern China and south to Pakistan and northern India)

|range-image=File:ChlidoniasHybridaIUCN2019 3.png

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Three subspecies |bullets=on

| C. h. hybrida – (Pallas, 1811)

| C. h. delalandii – (Mathews, 1912)

| C. h. javanicus – (Horsfield, 1821)

}}

}}

{{Species table/row

|name= Black-fronted tern|binomial=Chlidonias albostriatus

|image=File:Black-fronted Tern, Greymouth, New Zealand (cropped).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Gray |authority-year= 1845|authority-not-original=yes

|range= New ZealandBridge, E. S.; Jones, A. W. & Baker, A. J. (2005). [http://www2.hawaii.edu/~khayes/Journal_Club/summer2006/Bridge_et_al_2005_MPE.pdf A phylogenetic framework for the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720204025/http://www2.hawaii.edu/~khayes/Journal_Club/summer2006/Bridge_et_al_2005_MPE.pdf |date=2006-07-20 }} Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 459–469.

|range-image=

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= EN

|population=

|direction=

|subspecies=

}}

{{Species table/end}}

Notice the hesitation in the gender of the epithet of the scientific names, as they are usually masculine (albostriatus, leucopterus or niger), but in the case of the whiskered tern is mostly used as feminine (hybrida), maybe from the influence of the previous gender used, Sterna.

The black-bellied tern (Sterna acuticauda) and the white-cheeked tern (Sterna repressa) might also be placed in Chlidonias.

{{Reflist}}

{{Charadriiformes|L.|state=collapsed}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q939073}}

*

Category:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

{{Charadriiformes-stub}}