Marsilea

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Image:Marsilea azorica (Habitus).jpg was introduced to the Azores but formerly thought to be an endemic species, M. azorica{{cite journal |first=Hanno |last=Schaefer |author2=Mark A Carine |author3=Fred J Rumsey |date=October–December 2011 |title=From European priority species to invasive weed: Marsilea azorica is a misidentified alien |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=36 |number=4 |pages=845–853 |doi=10.1600/036364411X604868|s2cid=84445774 }}]]

Sporocarps of some Australian species such as Marsilea drummondii are edible and have been eaten by Aborigines and early white settlers, who knew it under the name ngardu or nardoo. Parts of Marsilea drummondii contain an enzyme which destroys thiamine (vitamin B₁), leading to brain damage in sheep and horses. During floods in the Gwydir River basin 2,200 sheep died after eating nardoo. Three-quarters of the sheep that were affected did however respond to thiamine injections.Watt, Bruce, Managing the land – Toxic Plants, Pro Grazier, Winter, 2009, MLA Thiamine deficiency from incorrectly prepared nardoo likely resulted in the starvation and death of Burke and Wills.{{cite web |url=http://asgap.org.au/APOL26/jun02-6.html |first=Calder |last=Chaffey |title=A Fern which Changed Australian History |date=June 2002 |work=Australian Plants Online |publisher=Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants |access-date=2013-04-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201194743/http://asgap.org.au/APOL26/jun02-6.html |archive-date=2014-02-01 }}{{cite web |title= Did Burke and Wills die because they ate nardoo? |first= Dave|last=Phoenix |year= 2011 |publisher= State Library of Victoria: The Burke & Wills research gateway |url= http://burkeandwills.slv.vic.gov.au/ask-an-expert/did-burke-and-wills-die-because-they-ate-nardoo}}

The leaves of Marsilea crenata are part of the East Javanese cuisine of Indonesia, especially in the city of Surabaya. It is called Pecel Semanggi and is served with spicy peanut and sweet potato sauce.

A few species in the genus, such as Marsilea crenata, Marsilea exarata, Marsilea hirsuta, and Marsilea quadrifolia, are grown in aquaria.

• Salvinia natans (L.) All. (as M. natans L.)

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Marsilea shows the following tree.{{cite journal |last1=Nagalingum |first1=Nathalie S. |last2=Schneider |first2=Harald |last3=Pryer |first3=Kathleen M. |year=2007 |title=Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships and Morphological Evolution in the Heterosporous Fern Genus Marsilea |journal=Systematic Botany |language=English |publication-date=2007 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=16–25 |doi=10.1600/036364407780360256 |bibcode=2007SysBo..32...16N |s2cid=18310429 |issn=1548-2324 }} This tree indicates that M. crenata is the same species (or a subspecies) of M. minuta, and possibly M. fadeniana also. Additionally, this analysis contradicts reportsTropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 25 Sep 2017 http://www.tropicos.org/Name/26602149 that M. polycarpa is a synonym for M. minuta

Other species include:

• Marsilea aethiopica Launert
• Marsilea apposita Launert
• Marsilea batardae Launen
• Marsilea burchellii A.Braun
• Marsilea condensata Bak.
• Marsilea cryptocarpa Albr. & Chinnock
• Marsilea fenestrata Launert
• Marsilea globulosa Bouchart
• Marsilea hickenii Herter
• Marsilea latzii Jones
• Marsilea megalomanica Launert
• Marsilea pyriformis Bouchart
• Marsilea quadrata Brown
• Marsilea ×subangulata Brown
• Marsilea subterranea Leprieur
• Marsilea unicornis Launert
• Marsilea vera Launert

• Bush bread

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• Mabberley, D.J. (1997). The Plant-Book. Cambridge University Press.
• Edmund Russow: Histologie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Sporenfrucht von Marsilia. Dissertation. Dorpat 1871 ([http://www.utlib.ee/ekollekt/vanadisser/russow2.pdf PDF])
• Johnson 1986 Systematics of the New World species of Marsilea. Syst. Bot. Monog. 11:1–87.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110927024344/http://homepages.caverock.net.nz/~bj/fern/marsilea.htm World species list for Marsilea]
• {{ITIS |id=17992 |taxon=Marsilea |accessdate=2010-05-12}}

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Category:Aquatic plants

Category:Fern genera

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