Masuleh
{{Short description|City in Gilan province, Iran}}
{{redirect|Khortab|the village in Lahijan County|Khortab, Lahijan|the village in Masal County|Masuleh Khani|the village in Mazandaran province|Khortab Rud}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name =Masuleh
|native_name = {{langx|fa|ماسوله}}
|settlement_type = City
|image_skyline = Masuleh, Fuman County, Gilan Province, Iran.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Masuleh view
|pushpin_map =Iran
|mapsize =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = Iran
|subdivision_type1 =Province
|subdivision_name1 =Gilan
|subdivision_type2 =County
|subdivision_type3 =District
|subdivision_name3 =Sardar-e Jangal
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_footnotes =
|population_as_of = 2016
|population_total =393
|population_density_km2 =auto
|timezone = IRST
|utc_offset = +3:30
|coordinates = {{coord|37|09|18|N|48|59|22|E|dim:1km|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = {{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=37.155&mlon=48.989444&zoom=15#map=15/37.15500/48.98944|website=OpenStreetMap |title=Masuleh, Fuman County|date=12 October 2024|access-date=12 October 2024|lang=fa}}
|elevation_m =
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|area_code =
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}}
Masuleh ({{langx|fa|ماسوله}}; {{pronunciation|Masouleh.ogg}}){{efn|Also romanized as Masouleh and Māsūleh; also known as Masoleh;{{GEOnet3|-3074349}} historical names for the city include Khortāb and Māsalar{{cn|date=June 2024}}}} is a city in Sardar-e Jangal District of Fuman County, Gilan province, Iran.
Masuleh is approximately 60 km southwest of Rasht and 32 km west of Fuman. Its people are Talysh. The village is 1,050 meters above sea level in the Alborz mountain range, near the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. The village itself has a difference in elevation of 100 meters.
Although some say the community was established around 10 AD, Old Masuleh dates to 1006 AD, 6 km northwest of the current city (Kohneh Masuleh in Persian). People moved from Old Masuleh to the new site because of pestilence and attacks from neighbouring communities.
Demographics
= Language =
The native people of Masuleh are Gilak and Talysh, they speak Talysh.{{cn|date=June 2024}}
=Population=
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 554 in 180 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Gilan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/01.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920083905/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/01.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}} The following census in 2011 counted 568 people in 210 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Gilan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gilan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008063316/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gilan.xls|archive-date=8 October 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}} The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 393 people in 147 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Gilan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_01.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204200858/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_01.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=4 December 2020}}
Climate
{{Weather box
|width =auto
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|location = Masuleh ({{Coord|37.15|N|48.983|E||display=inline}}, 2006-2015 normals)
| Jan high C =7.66
| Feb high C =7.55
| Mar high C =11.55
| Apr high C =15.02
| May high C =19.72
| Jun high C =22.77
| Jul high C =23.94
| Aug high C =24.69
| Sep high C =18.79
| Oct high C =16.94
| Nov high C =12.17
| Dec high C =8.69
| year high C =
| Jan low C =0.1
| Feb low C =-0.31
| Mar low C =2.91
| Apr low C =6.46
| May low C =11.34
| Jun low C =14.76
| Jul low C =16.31
| Aug low C =16.7
| Sep low C =13.88
| Oct low C =10.03
| Nov low C =4.99
| Dec low C =1.48
| year low C =
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm =73.2
| Feb precipitation mm =79.9
| Mar precipitation mm =95.3
| Apr precipitation mm =102.1
| May precipitation mm =61.4
| Jun precipitation mm =39.1
| Jul precipitation mm =50.1
| Aug precipitation mm =48.7
| Sep precipitation mm =83.9
| Oct precipitation mm =110.3
| Nov precipitation mm =113.1
| Dec precipitation mm =83.4
| year precipitation mm =
}}
Architecture
Buildings are mostly two stories (1st floor and 'ground' floor), although there are three-story and four-story houses as well.
There are four main local communities at the city named: "Maza-var" (meaning beside the Mosque) at the south, "Khana-var" (beside homes) at the East, "Kasha-sar" (stretched on top) at the North, and, "Assa-mahala" (Assad community) at the West. Apparently, down town is the Market (Bazaar) area and also the main mosque of the city, named "O-ne-ben-ne Ali" (Awn Ibn Mohammad Ibn Ali Ibn. Abi Taleb) built in 969 AD.{{cite encyclopedia|last=Sotoudeh|first=Manouchehr|title=Monuments OF GĪLĀN|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-ix|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|access-date=19 November 2011}}
In some of these houses, it has been possible to live in separate apartments in different periods. For example, the Zandipour House, which is now used as an apartment hotel, was accommodated by different families who lived in their separate apartment units for a long time. Each of these units had a separate bathroom and different families lived separately in each of the three floors. However, some three-story houses were occupied by an extended family as the children who were married lived together with their parents in a class structural house.
=Girih tiling in buildings of Masuleh=
Girih tiling consists of straight and broken lines on a regular basis that could be reasonably expanded in the surface.Sattari Sarbangholi, H., & Hasanpour loumer, S. (2015). The Ornamentations of Girih Tiling in Buildings of the Khanebar Neighborhood in Masouleh. HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA HONAR-HA-YE-TAJASSOMI, 19(4), autumn, 55-66.
The historical city of Masuleh is a good model for sustainable architecture and its final aim is respecting the culture and friendly relationship with nature and improving the life style of its residents.Hasanpour loumer, Saeid. "A Study on Decorations (Chinese Knotting) Used in Monuments of Masouleh Historical City, Case Study: Kasha-Sar Olia." the scientific-research degree of Armanshahr journal 9.17 (2017): 25-36. http://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_44601.html. Web. 21 Apr. 2017.
Archaeology
The earliest evidence of human presence in the Masouleh region, Iran, is a Levallois core from the Middle Paleolithic, likely made by Neanderthals over 40,000 years ago. This highlights Neanderthal activity in the area.https://www.actu-culture.com/archeologie/vestiges-paleolithiques-dans-les-montagnes-de-talych-en-iran/
Archaeological survey of the mountain ranges overlooking Masouleh shows that this mountainous region was probably occupied by ancient herders and nomads at least since the late Bronze Age.Biglari, F., M. Akbari 2022.L’homme et le paysage de montagne dans l’Elbourz, ARCHAEOLGIA, 608:16-17.
Remains of late prehistoric, historic, and Islamic times were discovered on the mountain top above 2500 meters above sea level[https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/465670/Evidence-pushes-back-history-of-human-presence-in-Masuleh-to (See)]. These mountains were used seasonally, at least since the late Neolithic (5000 BC) Bronze Age (2000-1500 BC), which continued during the Iron Age I (1500-1100 BC), Iron Age III (800-500 BC), Parthian (247 BC to 224 CE), Buyid (943–1029 CE), Seljuk (1043–1051 CE) and Ilkhanid (1306–1335 CE) eras [https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/465395/Discoveries-cast-new-light-on-history-of-life-near-Masouleh (tehrantimes)].
Archaeologists discovered pottery sherds, animal bones, and stone tools that date back to about 7,000 years ago. {{cite web | url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84899389/Discovery-of-7K-years-old-early-herders-camp-on-Mountaintop | title=Discovery of 7K years old early herders' camp on Mountaintop near Masouleh, Gilan | date=28 September 2022 }}
Tourism areas
Waterfalls: Kooshm, Larcheshme, and Kourbar.{{Cite web|url=https://iranguidance.com/masoleh-or-masuleh|title=masuleh in iran|date=January 2019}}
Gallery
File:Masuleh Window.jpg|Window of building in Masuleh
File:Masuleh Iran Village in the Elburs Mountains.jpg|The yard of the above building is the roof of the below building
File:In the way of masuleh.jpg|The nature of Masuleh
File:Massouleh, Iran.jpg|Buildings are mostly 2 stories
File:Masouleh (Gilan, Iran) 006.jpg
See also
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}
13. Pourali Mostafa and Mansour Falamaki 2015. Understanding Territories, Case Study: MASOULEH, in kashan University press, http://jias.kashanu.ac.ir
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20111003224916/http://guilan.net/masouleh/ Masuleh Pictures]
- HORIZIN, Masuleh, Photo Set, [https://www.flickr.com/photos/horizon/sets/72057594109150311/ flikr]
- Iran Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization: [https://web.archive.org/web/20090210045158/http://www.masooleh.ir/]
- [http://wiseitinerary.blogspot.com/2013/06/masuleh.html WiseItinerary]
{{Authority control}}
{{Gilan Province|state=collapsed}}
{{Fuman County|state=collapsed}}
Category:Populated places in Fuman County