Maurine Stuart

{{Infobox religious biography

|name = Maurine Stuart

|image =

|caption =

|birth name =

|alias = Ma Roshi
Mother Roshi
Maurine Freedgood

|dharma name =

|birth_date = {{Birth date|1922|3|3}}

|birth_place = Keeler, Saskatchewan, Canada

|death_date = {{Death date and age|1990|2|6|1922|3|3}}

|death_place =

|nationality =

|religion = Zen Buddhism

|school = Rinzai

|lineage =

|title = Roshi

|location =

|education =

|occupation =

|teacher = Soen Nakagawa
Eido Tai Shimano
Haku'un Yasutani

|reincarnation of =

|predecessor =

|successor =

|students =

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|partner =

|children =

|website =

}}

Maurine Stuart (3 March 1922 – 26 February 1990), a.k.a. Ma Roshi or Mother Roshi, was a Canadian Rinzai Zen rōshi who was one of the first female Zen masters to teach in the United States. She became president and spiritual director of the Cambridge Buddhist Association in 1979.

Stuart was granted her teaching title during an informal ceremony in 1982 held by her teacher Soen Nakagawa. Nakagawa, who had given Dharma transmission previously to five individuals (all male), granted Stuart the title in defiance of convention. While she had accepted the roshi title, she never declared to be a Dharma heir or lineage holder. The title was conferred upon her independent of her previous Zen practice and 1977 ordination as a Zen priest by Eido Tai Shimano.Prebish, p. 11

Biography

Stuart was born in Keeler, Saskatchewan, Canada in 1922.{{cite journal|last1=Krátky|first1=Martin|title=Seeds of Zen in the Prairies: Introducing Maurine Stuart|journal=WHOLifE Journal|date=March–April 2005|volume=10|issue=6|url=http://www.wholife.com/issues/10_6/04_article.html|access-date=14 April 2015|publisher=Wholeness & Wellness Journal of Saskatchewan}} She studied music and graduated from the University of Manitoba.

Stuart moved to Paris, France in 1949 to study piano under Nadia Boulanger, Robert and Gaby Casadesus, and Alfred Cortot. While there she developed her interest in Zen Buddhism.

In 1966, Stuart joined the Zen Studies Society in New York City, then led by Eido Tai Shimano. She also practiced under Haku'un Yasutani for some time during this period. In 1970 she moved to Newton, Massachusetts and opened the Chestnut Hill Zendo—joining the Cambridge Buddhist Association not long after. She was ordained as a priest by Shimano in 1977.

Stuart is featured in Zen in America: Five Teachers and the Search for American Buddhism by Helen Tworkov. Tworkov reports that Stuart left the Shimano lineage in 1977 because of his mistreatment of women.

In 1979, Stuart became president and spiritual director of the Cambridge Buddhist Association.

In 1985, Stuart ordained Sherry Chayat as a Zen priest.Ford, p. 119

In 1988, Stuart ordained Susan Jion Postal as a Zen priest. (See Empty Hand Zen Center site - emptyhandzen.org)

=Death=

Stuart died of liver cancer in 1990. She left behind no successors.Oldmeadow, p. 298Ford, p. 109-110 As she wished, her ashes were buried under birch trees in the garden of the Cambridge Buddhist Association.{{cite book|last1=Boucher|first1=Sandy|title=Turning the Wheel: American Women Creating the New Buddhism|date=1993|publisher=Beacon Press|isbn=0807073059|page=205|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ht4QqV_HIh8C&dq=Maurine+Stuart+died&pg=PA205|access-date=14 April 2015}}

Bibliography

{{cite book| last =Stuart| first =Maurine|author2=Sherry Chayat|author2-link=Sherry Chayat| title =Subtle Sound: The Zen Teachings of Maurine Stuart| publisher =Random House| year =1996| isbn = 1-57062-094-6| oclc =34545428}}

Notes

References

{{cite book| last =Ford| first =James Ishmael| author-link =James Ishmael Ford| title =Zen Master Who?: A Guide to the People and Stories of Zen| publisher =Wisdom Publications| year =2006| url =https://archive.org/details/zenmasterwhoguid00jame| isbn =0-86171-509-8}}
{{cite book| last =Oldmeadow| first =Harry| title =Journeys East: 20th Century Western Encounters with Eastern Religious Traditions| publisher =World Wisdom, Inc.| year =2004| isbn = 0-941532-57-7| oclc =54843891}}
{{cite book| last =Prebish| first =Charles S.| title =Luminous Passage: The Practice and Study of Buddhism in America| publisher =University of California Press| year =1999| url =https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780520216976| isbn =0-520-21697-0| url-access =registration}}