Maxim's Caterers

Maxim's was founded by brothers James Wu and S.T. Wu along with a small group of shareholders. The grand opening of the first Maxim's restaurant, located in the basement of Telephone House in Central, took place on 3 December 1956.{{cite news |title=Hongkong's Latest Rendezvous! |work=South China Morning Post |date=3 December 1956 |page=8}} Initially positioned as a "first-class restaurant and night-club", the arrival of competing international hoteliers in the 1960s prompted the company to focus more on morning tea, lunch, and snacks.{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=William |title=Restaurant chain expands |work=South China Morning Post |date=14 January 1973}}

A holding company, Maxim's Caterers Limited, was formed in October 1972 to acquire the Maxim's and Jade Garden restaurant brands. By early 1973, the group operated 15 restaurants.

Longtime company managing director S.T. Wu stepped down in early 2000, and was replaced by his 29-year-old grandson Michael Wu Wei-kuo, who had previously served as chief financial officer.{{cite news |title=Big changes on the menu at Maxim's |work=South China Morning Post |date=10 April 2000}}

In 1956, Wu Shun Tak and James Wu, who were then managing the Queen's Theatre on behalf of the prominent Chinese business conglomerate Loong Hoi Tong, were inspired to start their own Western-style restaurant after an unpleasant dining experience at the New Paris Café (Café de Paris) located at 8 Queen's Road Central. Motivated by this encounter, the Woo brothers opened the first Maxim’s Western restaurant — "Maxim's Restaurant" — at Café Wiseman, a venue nicknamed “the smart people’s restaurant,” located in the basement of The Landmark (Hong Kong) on Des Voeux Road Central. Operated in the style of a nightclub and frequently hosting large-scale performances, the restaurant quickly became a hotspot for celebrities and high society, laying the foundation for the Maxim’s Group in the food and beverage industry. The Woo brothers put great effort into preparing for the launch of their restaurant. Inspired by Café de Paris, they included a dance floor and hired a live band to enhance the dining experience. They also emphasized food and service quality by recruiting experienced French chefs and ensuring the freshness of ingredients. Having once experienced poor service themselves, they placed particular importance on courteous, attentive hospitality, making it a core value of their restaurant.  James Wu recalled that in the 1950s, Western restaurants in Hong Kong were much like their counterparts abroad — they did not serve hot tea. However, at Maxim’s Restaurant, as soon as a Chinese customer was seated, they would be offered a cup of hot tea, since Chinese diners typically had little interest in a glass of cold water. At that time, most Western restaurants only placed a single box of matches on the table, but Maxim’s took extra care by ensuring every waiter carried a lighter. Whenever a guest lit a cigarette, a waiter would promptly step forward to offer assistance. This thoughtful service left a positive impression and delighted many customers. In the early days of the

File:HK_中環_Central_置地廣場_Landmark_中庭廣場_Artium_mall_interior_June_2020_SS2_02.jpg

restaurant’s operation, a number of foreign performers were hired as resident entertainers to attract customers.

In 1963, the Hilton Hotel and the Mandarin Hotel opened one after another in Central, Hong Kong, both featuring Western-style nightclub dining. At the time, Maxim’s Group also operated a high-end Western nightclub in Central, but found itself unable to compete in terms of décor, hired singers, and other aspects. As a result, the group decided to close the nightclub and shift its focus to opening coffee shops.

In 1966, the completion of Ocean Terminal marked the opening of the first Maxim’s Café, **Maxim's Boulevard**, which featured a French restaurant and a British-style Mermaid Bar. Later, pastries were also sold, forming the prototype of what would become "Maxim’s Cakes." After transforming into a coffee restaurant business, Maxim’s opened 20 café-style restaurants within two years.

By 1969, Hong Kong Food Products Ltd. had already opened Maxim’s restaurants in locations such as The Landmark,

File:Jadegardenatstarhouse.jpg]]

Ocean Terminal, Prince’s Building, Wing On House, and International Building.

In 1970, Maxim’s appointed Annie Wu Suk-ching and Wong Shek Leung to participate in the Hong Kong Pavilion at Expo ’70 in Osaka under the brand name "{{Interlanguage link multi|Jade Garden,HongKong|zh|翠園}}." Annie Wu served as the restaurant secretary and promotional ambassador for the pavilion. The exquisite dim sum they provided received widespread acclaim.

On 2 March 1971, Maxim’s opened its first Cantonese restaurant — **{{Interlanguage link multi|Jade Garden,HongKong|zh|翠園}}** — on the 4th floor of Star House in Tsim Sha Tsui. Woo Cham Tak served as general manager, while Wong Shek Leung was the head chef. The restaurant introduced an innovative management model of “Chinese cuisine with Western-style service,” which included selling Western-style pastries in the restaurant and eliminating traditional table-sharing practices.

In 1972, during the Dairy Farm acquisition battle, Woo Shun Tak earned the admiration of Henry Keswick, then Chairman of the Board at Jardine Matheson. Two months later, Jardine's subsidiary, Hongkong Land, became a shareholder of Maxim’s. However, decision-making power has remained with the Woo family to this day. Soon after, Maxim’s rapidly expanded by opening numerous restaurants in properties owned by Hongkong Land, such as Jardine House, Landmark, Exchange Square, and the Hong Kong World Trade Centre.50亿美心王国发足三代 "[https://hk.lifestyle.appledaily.com/nextplus/magazine/article/20030828/2_3499694/50-億-美-心-王-國-發-足-三-代 HK$5 Billion Maxim’s Empire Spans Three Generations]" (*[https://web.archive.org/web/20191106112617/https://hk.lifestyle.appledaily.com/nextplus/magazine/article/20030828/2_3499694/50-億-美-心-王-國-發-足-三-代 Archived] page stored in the Internet Archive*) — 壹周刊*Next Magazine*, August 28, 2003.

In the same year, the first Maxim’s Fast Food (now known as Maxim’s MX) was established, and it gradually developed into one of the largest {{Interlanguage link multi|Hong Kong-style fast food|zh|港式快餐}} chains in the city.

Following the successful operation of {{Interlanguage link multi|Jade Garden,HongKong|zh|翠園}}, Maxim’s further expanded in the late 1970s by opening multiple branches of Peking Garden, marking its entry into the business of regional Chinese cuisine restaurants, including those serving Beijing, Sichuan, Shanghai, and Hunan dishes.美心食品新增设 翠园北京楼 "Maxim’s Food Adds Jade Garden and Peking Garden" — 华侨日报*Wah Kiu Yat Po*, Page 2 of the Third Section, June 23, 1974. In the 1980s, Maxim’s opened two Japanese restaurants: BenkeiJapanese Cuisine in the basement of The Landmark,弁庆日本餐厅 今日开始营业 "Benkei Japanese Restaurant Opens Today" — 大公报 *Ta Kung Pao*, April 3, 1980. and Momoyama Japanese Cuisine in the basement of Jardine House. Benkei was later renovated at the same location and rebranded successively as Kajiku Japanese Cuisine and Kikusan,老牌高档日本料理七折益食客 "[https://hk.lifestyle.appledaily.com/lifestyle/food/daily/article/20020722/2726736 Established High-End Japanese Restaurants Offer 30% Discount to Benefit Diners]" — *Apple Daily*, July 22, 2002. while Momoyama was transformed into Miso.

In 1980, {{Interlanguage link multi|Beijing Air Catering Co., Ltd|zh|北京航空食品有限公司}}. was established, becoming the first Sino-foreign joint venture after the repurchase of joint ventures such as the Sino-Soviet Civil Aviation Corporation, originally established in 1954.北京市地方志编纂委员会. Beijing Local Chronicles Compilation Committee. *Beijing Chronicles: Municipal Affairs Volume – Civil Aviation Chronicle*. Beijing Publishing House, 2000, p. 274. ISBN 7-200-04040-1.

Starting from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, Maxim's gradually expanded from focusing solely on the high-end dining market to entering the mass catering sector. They successively opened several Cantonese-style restaurants, such as {{Interlanguage link multi|Maxim's Chinese Restaurant|zh|美心大酒樓}} and {{Interlanguage link multi|Maxim's Palace Chinese Restaurant|zh|美心皇宮大酒樓}}, offering traditional dim sum and banquet services. Later on, Maxim's also launched {{Interlanguage link multi|Chiu Chow Garden Restaurant|zh|潮江春}}, venturing into the business of Teochew cuisinerestaurants. In 1982, Maxim's established numerous Maxim's Cakes outlets along the Hong Kong MTR (now known as the MTR) network. By the end of 1985, Maxim's Cakes had 33 branches along the railway lines, and together with 37 outlets outside the MTR stations, it became the largest bakery chain in Hong Kong at the time. In 1988, they further expanded by opening outlets at every station along the Kowloon–Canton Railway (now the MTR East Rail Line).{{Cite web |last=Maxim's |title=Maxim's - Milestones |url=https://www.maxims.com.hk/en/milestone |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=www.maxims.com.hk |language=en}}

In 1986, Maxim's ventured into the mooncake market. Although only 100,000 boxes of Maxim's mooncakes were produced, they sold out within just a few days of launch. The Ng brothers were greatly encouraged by this success, and from then on, Maxim's made a major push into the mooncake market.兄弟帮传奇：伍舜德家族与美心集团 [http://cfbr.com.cn/news/524.html Brotherhood Legend: The Woo Shun Tak Family and Maxim’s Group] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20201029224809/http://cfbr.com.cn/news/524.html archived] copy, stored at the Internet Archive), *Family Business Magazine*, March 4, 2016 In the same year, Jardine Matheson underwent a corporate restructuring, and its stake in Maxim’s was transferred to its subsidiary, Dairy Farm International Holdings Limited.

In May 1991, Maxim's opened its first restaurant in Mainland China, "Beijing Jade Garden," at the Liangmahe Shopping Mall in Chaoyang District, Beijing. In 1993, Maxim's opened a fast-food restaurant and a bakery in Guangzhou's Huanshi Road and Shanghai's North Sichuan Road, respectively. In 1994, Maxim's further expanded by opening a total of four fast-food outlets and four bakeries in Guangzhou, Foshan, and Shanghai. Unfortunately, the business in the Chinese market suffered losses, and Maxim's eventually withdrew from the market.美心集团：隔代传承应对二代危机 [http://cfbr.com.cn/news/567.html Maxim’s Group: Cross-Generational Succession to Tackle the Second-Generation Crisis] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20201029221244/http://cfbr.com.cn/news/567.html archived] copy, stored at the Internet Archive), *Family Business Magazine*, May 24, 2016

In 1992, Ng Wai Kwok, the eldest grandson of Ng Shun Tak and a member of the third generation of the Ng family, joined Maxim’s Group at the age of 21. At the time, Maxim’s operated around 300 outlets. In 2000, Ng Wai Kwok was appointed Managing Director of Maxim’s. As early as 1998, he had already established m.a.x. concepts to drive the development of new-style restaurants for Maxim’s. Under this brand, restaurants such as MAX, Cellini, Mecca, Thai Basil, and eating plus were launched, offering customers unique and innovative cuisine. In addition, the previous Japanese restaurants were revamped into Hyo-Kiku and Miso, creating a trend for contemporary Japanese cuisine. Several Chinese restaurants were also rebranded and refreshed, including The Square, Jasmine Place, and Peking Garden.

In September 2005, Hong Kong Disneyland officially opened. Under the leadership of Ng Wai Kwok, Maxim’s secured the operating rights for the Plaza Inn restaurant and the Market House Bakery within the park.

At the same time, Ng Wai Kwok actively worked on bringing well-known international restaurant brands to Hong Kong. The first to collaborate with Maxim’s was Sanrio, opening the Hello Kitty Cafe at Luk Yeung Galleria, followed by three more branches the following year. However, after the initial craze subsided, all outlets were closed. In May 2000, Maxim’s successfully introduced the globally renowned Starbucks coffee culture to Hong Kong by forming a joint venture, Coffee Concepts Ltd. Within the first two months of operation, the venture turned a profit, and in just two years, over 30 coffee shops were established in Hong Kong. By the end of 2002, the brand had expanded into Macau, Shenzhen, and several Southeast Asian countries. In June 2011, Starbucks and Maxim’s signed an agreement under which Starbucks acquired Maxim’s 30% stake in their joint venture, thereby gaining full ownership of its operations in Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, and Chongqing. Meanwhile, Maxim’s acquired Starbucks’ remaining shares in the Hong Kong and Macau operations, giving Maxim’s 100% ownership of the Starbucks business in Hong Kong and Macau following the acquisition.

When initially negotiating with Starbucks’ U.S. headquarters, Maxim’s believed that relying solely on selling coffee and cakes, as in places like Canada and Singapore, would not be sufficient. They proposed cooking food on a griddle, but Starbucks U.S. headquarters objected, arguing that it would overpower the aroma of the coffee. Maxim’s then suggested using warming cabinets to heat the food instead, a proposal that was eventually accepted. By offering light lunch options such as sandwiches alongside coffee, Starbucks in Hong Kong quickly achieved profitability.

In addition, Maxim’s also successively acquired the franchise rights for Genki Sushi, Sen-ryo, Arome Bakery, Ippudo, Cheesecake Factory, and Shake Shack burger restaurants.

File:Simplylife Bakery Cafe in Queensway Plaza 2014.JPG

In 1998, Maxim's launched a restaurant series named m.a.x. concepts, which managed restaurant brands including MAX, Cellini, Mecca, Thai Basil, eating plus, Mezz, café Landmark, Emporio Armani Caffé, and modern restaurants Kiku and Miso.{{cite news |last1=Yiu |first1=Enoch |title=Hands-on maxim a recipe for success |work=South China Morning Post |date=11 February 2007}}

In 2004 the company opened the French-Vietnamese restaurant chain Rice Paper. In the same year, Maxim's Fast Food began producing ready meals and appetisers to be sold in 7–11 and Wellcome supermarkets.

Maxim's bought Genki Sushi in early 2006, and the company introduced the American restaurant chain Lawry's The Prime Rib to Hong Kong the same year. Maxim's and Australian chef Geoff Lindsay opened the restaurant "Pearl on the Peak" in the Peak Tower. The company is the licensee of Ippudo ramen, Shake Shack and The Cheesecake Factory in various territories.

In May 2000, Maxim's partnered with Starbucks Coffee International, Inc. to form Coffee Concepts Ltd.,{{cite news|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/business/228728_sbuxchina16.html|title=Starbucks adjusts its formula in China|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|date=June 12, 2005}} holding licences for both Hong Kong and Macau.{{cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/1939059/maxims-journey-start-hong-kongs-largest-restaurant-group|title=Maxim's journey from start-up to Hong Kong's largest restaurant group|newspaper=South China Morning Post|date=27 April 2016|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129053654/http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/1939059/maxims-journey-start-hong-kongs-largest-restaurant-group|archive-date=29 January 2018|url-status=live}}

In 2005, Maxim's rebranded most of its restaurants as MX.{{Cite news|url=https://www.campaignasia.com/article/fairwood-taps-we-in-brand-challenge/202123|title=Fairwood taps WE in brand challenge|work=Campaign Asia|access-date=2018-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702175738/https://www.campaignasia.com/article/fairwood-taps-we-in-brand-challenge/202123|archive-date=2 July 2018|url-status=live}}

File:IMG-20180615-WA0006.jpg

Maxim's have been targeted by campaigners regarding the company's support of shark finning.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-protests-sharksfin/protesters-urge-hk-restaurant-to-stop-selling-shark-fin-idUSKBN1910BZ|title=Protesters urge HK restaurant to stop selling shark fin|newspaper=Reuters|date=10 June 2017|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128021127/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-protests-sharksfin/protesters-urge-hk-restaurant-to-stop-selling-shark-fin-idUSKBN1910BZ|archive-date=28 January 2018|url-status=live}} On 10 June 2017 dozens protested at their flagship 'Maxim's Palace' restaurant

for selling threatened and endangered shark species.{{cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/news/hong-kong-activists-dress-as-sharks-to-protest-finning/|title=Hong Kong activists dress as sharks to protest finning|newspaper=The Guardian|date=10 June 2017|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004319/https://guardian.ng/news/hong-kong-activists-dress-as-sharks-to-protest-finning/|archive-date=29 January 2018|url-status=live}} 50 protestors attended a demonstration at Maxim's branch at The University of Hong Kong on 10 February 2018.{{cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/economy/article/2132856/shark-fin-protest-draws-50-activists-outside-hku-branch|title=Shark fin protest draws 50 activists outside HKU branch of popular restaurant chain|date=10 February 2018|newspaper=South China Morning Post|access-date=10 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210235159/http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/economy/article/2132856/shark-fin-protest-draws-50-activists-outside-hku-branch|archive-date=10 February 2018|url-status=live}} On 15 June 2018 protestors directly targeted Maxim's headquarters in a demonstration that also targeted Starbucks' regional licensee being Maxims.{{Cite web|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2018/06/14/animal-activists-take-aim-starbucks-claiming-licence-holder-maxims-continues-serve-shark-fin/|title=Animal activists take aim at Starbucks, claiming licence holder Maxim's continues to serve up shark fin|date=14 June 2018|access-date=17 July 2018}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2018/06/16/pictures-animal-activists-protest-maxims-hq-continued-sale-shark-fin/|title=In Pictures: Animal activists protest at Maxim's HQ over their continued sale of shark fin|date=16 June 2018|access-date=17 July 2018}} Maxim subsequently announced that it would stop serving shark fin in all restaurants from 1 January 2020.{{cite news |last1=Creery |first1=Jennifer |title=Hong Kong restaurant chain Maxim's to stop selling shark fin products by 2020 |url=https://hongkongfp.com/2018/09/21/hong-kong-restaurant-chain-maxims-stop-selling-shark-fin-products-2020/ |agency=Hong Kong Free Press |date=21 September 2018}}

{{See also|Yellow economic circle}}

Maxim's outlets have been the target of boycotts and vandalism during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests after Annie Wu, the daughter of Maxim's co-founder James Wu, denounced the pro-democratic movement and denounced Hong Kong youth.{{cite news |last1=Chung |first1=Kimmy |title=Daughter of Maxim's founder hits out again at Hong Kong protesters, saying she has lost hope in the next two generations |work=South China Morning Post |date=4 November 2019}}{{cite news |last1=Wan |first1=Cindy |title=Wu turns back on 'lost' youngsters |url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news.php?id=213241 |work=The Standard |date=5 November 2019}}{{Cite web |last=News |first=World Times |title=Hong Kong catering group Maxim's wins respect in Chinese mainland, in sharp to Taipan boycott |url=https://chinanews.worldtimes.news/hong-kong-catering-group-maxims-wins-respect-in-chinese-mainland-in-sharp-to-taipan-boycott/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014011910/https://chinanews.worldtimes.news/hong-kong-catering-group-maxims-wins-respect-in-chinese-mainland-in-sharp-to-taipan-boycott/ |archive-date=14 October 2019 |access-date=2019-10-30 |website=China - WorldTimes News |language=vi-VN}} Wu holds only 0.33 per cent of the shares of Hong Kong Caterers Ltd,{{Cite web|url=https://webb-site.com/dbpub/orgdata.asp?p=158032|title=HONGKONG CATERERS LIMITED 香港食品有限公司|website=webb-site.com|access-date=2019-12-18}} which owns 50 per cent of Maxim's Caterers Ltd, and has no managerial responsibilities in the company.{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3030225/hong-kong-protests-maxims-group-distances-itself-rioters|title=Maxim's distances itself from 'rioters' comments by founder's daughter|date=2019-09-25|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=2019-12-18}} However, as revealed by David Webb, she received HK$1.3 million in dividend payouts for the 2018 fiscal year.{{cite news |last1=Webb|first1=David |authorlink1=David Webb (Hong Kong activist) |title=A closer look at Maxim's |url=https://webb-site.com/articles/maxims.asp |work=Webb-site.com |date=11 October 2019}}

Maxim's Group has been targeted by a campaign claiming they use animal cruelty in their supply chain across Asia.{{cite news|url=https://www.maximscruelty.com/en/|title=Maxim's: Filth and Food Safety Risks|date=20 May 2022|access-date=20 May 2022}} This campaign claims Maxim's Group uses eggs from battery cages that are banned by the European Union Council Directive 1999/74/EC.{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:203:0053:0057:EN:PDF |title=European Union Council Directive 1999/74/EC |work=Official Journal of the European Communities |publisher=European Union |date=19 July 1999 |access-date=30 May 2020}} The target restaurant chains for this campaign have been so far Genki Sushi and Arome Bakery.

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Maxim's Catering}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20131226032450/http://www.maxims.com.hk/ Maxim's official website (Chinese)]
• [http://www.maxims.com.hk/en/index.asp?t=13143223684894831 Maxim's official website (English)]

{{Dairy Farm Group}}

{{Hong Kong restaurants}}

Category:1956 establishments in Hong Kong

Category:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests

Category:Bakeries of Hong Kong

Category:DFI Retail Group

Category:Hong Kong brands

Category:Catering and food service companies of Hong Kong

Category:Fast-food chains of Hong Kong

Category:Chinese restaurants

Category:Restaurants established in 1956

Category:Restaurant chains in Hong Kong

Category:Cantonese cuisine

Category:Cantonese restaurants