Medicine in the 2010s

{{Update|type=article|date=November 2019|reason=extend coverage until 2019}}

This is a list of events associated with medicine in the 2010s. The decade was marked by several events. Longer-lasting events included the continued outflux of Afghan refugees, who were at risk for various health problems, as well as the 2010s Haiti cholera outbreak.

Decade

As of 2011, Afghanistan maintains its position as the largest source of refugees (a position held for 32 years) with one out of every four refugees being an Afghan and with 95% living in Pakistan or Iran.{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org.uk/about-us/key-facts-and-figures.html|publisher=UNHCR|title=Facts and Figures about Refugees}} Refugees are at risk of a variety of health problems, including post-traumatic stress and depression, infectious disease such as tuberculosis and malaria, and consequences of possible torture, rape or trauma.{{cite journal|last=Harris|first=M|last2=Zwar|first2=N|title=Refugee health.|journal=Australian Family Physician|date=October 2005|volume=34|issue=10|pages=825–9|pmid=16217566}}
From 2010 to 2013, following the 2010 Haiti earthquake, cholera breaks out in Haiti. This outbreak of cholera in Haiti results in more than 7,050 deaths and sickened more than 531,000.{{cite web|url=http://www.mspp.gouv.ht/site/downloads/Rapport%20journalier%20MSPP%20du%2022%20mars%202011.pdf|publisher=Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population|title=Rapport de cas|trans-title=Case report|language=fr}}{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/world/americas/haitis-cholera-outraced-the-experts-and-tainted-the-un.html?_r=2&pagewanted=all& |title=In Haiti, Global Failures on a Cholera Epidemic |author=Deborah Sontag |date=31 March 2012 |work=The New York Times |archive-date=30 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130130222330/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/world/americas/haitis-cholera-outraced-the-experts-and-tainted-the-un.html?_r=3&pagewanted=all& |access-date=13 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}

2010

In February, 2010, in response to the UK General Medical Council investigation and findings of fraud, the editors of The Lancet medical journal fully retracted a paper by Andrew Wakefield that sparked the MMR vaccine controversy.{{cite journal |title=Retraction—Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children |journal=Lancet |volume= 375 |issue= 9713|page=445 |date=February 2010 |pmid=20137807 |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60175-4 |s2cid=26364726 |access-date=2010-02-02 |url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2810%2960175-4/fulltext# |url-access=subscription }} The vaccine-autism connection proposed in a paper has been described as "the most damaging medical hoax of the last 100 years".{{cite journal |author=Flaherty, DK |title=The vaccine-autism connection: a public health crisis caused by unethical medical practices and fraudulent science |journal=Ann Pharmacother |volume=45 |issue=10 |pages=1302–4 |date=October 2011 |pmid=21917556 |doi=10.1345/aph.1Q318|s2cid=39479569 }}
In October, 2010, Sir Robert G. Edwards was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for development of in vitro fertilization.{{cite web | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2010/ | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010 | access-date = 2010-10-04 | publisher = Nobel Foundation}}

2011

File:Nobel Prize 2011-Press Conference KI-DSC 7584.jpg, a recipient of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]

In October, 2011{{when|date=October 2013}}, Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"{{cite web | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2011/ | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 | access-date = 2011-10-03 | publisher = Nobel Foundation}}
In addition, Ralph M. Steinman was posthumously awarded the prize "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity".{{cite web|title=Ralph Steinman Remains Nobel Laureate|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_organizations/nobelfoundation/press_releases_archive/2011/steinman.html|access-date=6 October 2013|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|date=3 October 2011}}{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2011/oct/03/nobel-prize-awarded-dead-scientist | title=Nobel prize to be awarded to dead scientist |work=The Guardian |location=London | date=2011-10-03 | access-date=October 10, 2011 | author=Sample, Ian | quote=The Nobel foundation concluded that the award should stand, saying: "The Nobel prize to Ralph Steinman was made in good faith, based on the assumption that the Nobel laureate was alive."}}

2012

On January 13, 2012, India celebrated one year without polio.{{cite web|title=India records one year without polio cases|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2012/polio_20120113/en/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823002801/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2012/polio_20120113/en/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 23, 2012|work=Media Centre|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=12 October 2013}} India had previously been regarded as one of the most difficult countries from which to eliminate polio, due to the high population density and low socioeconomic status in many rural areas.{{cite news|last=Roberts|first=Leslie|title=India Marks 1 Year Without Polio, But Global Eradication Remains Uncertain|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/india-marks-1-year-without-polio-global-eradication-remains-uncertain|access-date=12 October 2013|newspaper=Science Insider}}
In January, 2012, Schizophrenia was renamed in South Korea from jungshinbunyeolbyung (mind-split disorder), to johyeonbyung (attunement disorder){{cite journal|last=Lee|first=Yu Sang|author2=Kim, Jae-Jin |author3=Kwon, Jun Soo |title=Renaming schizophrenia in South Korea|journal=The Lancet|volume=382|issue=9893|pages=683–684|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61776-6|pmid=23972810|date=Aug 2013|s2cid=46524779}}
In January, 2012 U.S. pharmaceutical company Gilead Sciences acquires Pharmasset for $11.2 billion, in anticipation of release of the hepatitis C drug sofosbuvir.{{cite web|last=Campbell|first=Todd|title=Gilead's Hepatitis C Drug Sofosbuvir Offers Upside|url=http://seekingalpha.com/article/1418001-gileads-hepatitis-c-drug-sofosbuvir-offers-upside|publisher=Seeking Alpha|access-date=12 October 2013}}
On May 22, 2012, the United States preventive services task force released a guideline advising against routine screening for prostate cancer using the prostate-specific antigen test, concluding that the benefits of the testing outweighs the harms, and sparking a debate about the use of the test.{{cite news|last=Rubin|first=Rita|title=PSA Screening: New Round Of Guidelines Emphasizes Importance Of Weighing Harms And Benefits|url=http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/Stories/2013/June/02/psa-test-guidelines-prostate-cancer.aspx|publisher=Kaiser Health News|access-date=12 October 2013}}{{cite news|author=US Preventative Services Taskforce|title=Screening for Prostate Cancer|url=http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/prostatecancerscreening.htm|access-date=12 October 2013|newspaper=US Preventative Services Taskforce|date=May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708060359/http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/prostatecancerscreening.htm|archive-date=8 July 2014|url-status=dead}}
In July, 2012, GlaxoSmithKline settles a court case with the Department of Justice for $3 billion, the largest pharmaceutical fraud settlement to this date, due to several allegations, including fraudulent of marketing several drugs for off-label uses, the antidepressants Paxil and Wellbutrin, and failure to include data in a Food and Drug Administration submission for the diabetic medication Avandia.{{cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2012/July/12-civ-842.html|title=GlaxoSmithKline to Plead Guilty and Pay $3 Billion to Resolve Fraud Allegations and Failure to Report Safety Data|date=2 July 2012|publisher=justice.gov|access-date=25 August 2012}}
In October, 2012, Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become "pluripotent".{{cite web | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2012/ | title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 | access-date = 2012-10-08 | publisher = Nobel Foundation}}
On October 26, 2012, the National People's Congress of China passed new mental health laws, recognising the increasing awareness of mental health. One of the major changes is the emphasis that treatment must be voluntary in the majority of cases.{{cite journal|last=Phillips|first=Michael R.|title=China's New Mental Health Law: Reframing Involuntary Treatment|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|date=1 June 2013|volume=170|issue=6|pages=588–591|doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12121559|pmid=23625139}}

2013

On April 14, 2013, the first kidney grown in a rat in vitro in the U.S. was published.{{cite journal|last=Song|first=Jeremy J|last2=Guyette|first2=Jacques P |last3=Gilpin|first3=Sarah E |last4=Gonzalez|first4=Gabriel |last5=Vacanti|first5=Joseph P |last6= Ott|first6=Harald C |title=Regeneration and experimental orthotopic transplantation of a bioengineered kidney|journal=Nature Medicine|volume=19|issue=5|pages=646–651|doi=10.1038/nm.3154|pmid=23584091|pmc=3650107|url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/11879114/3650107.pdf?sequence=1|year=2013}}
On May 1, 2013, China signed a new mental health law into effect.{{cite journal|last=Tse|first=Samson|title=Mental Health Care Reforms in Asia: The Urgency of Now: Building a Recovery-Oriented, Community Mental Health Service in China|journal=Psychiatric Services|date=1 July 2013|volume=64|issue=7|pages=613–616|doi=10.1176/appi.ps.000022013|pmid=23821168|hdl=10722/186245|hdl-access=free}}
On May 18, 2013, the psychiatry manual DSM-5 was formally published, revising definitions for a wide range of psychiatric illnesses, including a new definition for autism spectrum disorder and substance use disorder{{cite web|title=Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5 |url=http://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Practice/DSM/DSM-5/Changes-from-DSM-IV-TR--to-DSM-5.pdf |date=May 17, 2013 |publisher=American Psychiatric Association |access-date=September 6, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226050453/http://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Practice/DSM/DSM-5/Changes-from-DSM-IV-TR--to-DSM-5.pdf |archive-date=February 26, 2015 }}
On May 29, 2013, results of a phase 3 study for the first vaccine for enterovirus 71, one cause of hand foot mouth disease, were published, showing a 90% statistically significant efficacy {{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-22689593|title=Hand, foot and mouth disease: First vaccine|publisher=BBC News|author=James Gallagher|date=28 May 2013}}{{cite journal|last=Zhu|first=Feng-Cai |author2=Meng, Fan-Yue |author3=Li, Jing-Xin |author4=Li, Xiu-Ling |author5=Mao, Qun-Ying |author6=Tao, Hong |author7=Zhang, Yun-Tao |author8=Yao, Xin |author9=Chu, Kai |author10=Chen, Qing-Hua |author11=Hu, Yue-Mei |author12=Wu, Xing |author13=Liu, Pei |author14=Zhu, Lin-Yang |author15=Gao, Fan |author16=Jin, Hui |author17=Chen, Yi-Juan |author18=Dong, Yu-Ying |author19=Liang, Yong-Chun |author20=Shi, Nian-Min |author21=Ge, Heng-Ming |author22=Liu, Lin |author23=Chen, Sheng-Gen |author24=Ai, Xing |author25=Zhang, Zhen-Yu |author26=Ji, Yu-Guo |author27=Luo, Feng-Ji |author28=Chen, Xiao-Qin |author29=Zhang, Ya |author30=Zhu, Li-Wen |author31=Liang, Zheng-Lun |author32=Shen, Xin-Liang |title=Efficacy, safety, and immunology of an inactivated alum-adjuvant enterovirus 71 vaccine in children in China: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial|journal=The Lancet|volume=381|issue=9882|pages=2024–2032|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61049-1 |pmid=23726161|year=2013 |s2cid=205969405 }}
On July 3, 2013, a study was published documenting the first human liver grown from stem cells in Japan{{cite journal|last=Takebe, Takanori |author2=Sekine, Keisuke |author3=Enomura, Masahiro |author4=Koike, Hiroyuki |author5=Kimura, Masaki |author6=Ogaeri, Takunori |author7=Zhang, Ran-Ran |author8=Ueno, Yasuharu |author9=Zheng, Yun-Wen |author10=Koike, Naoto |author11=Aoyama, Shinsuke |author12=Adachi, Yasuhisa |author13=Taniguchi, Hideki|title=Vascularized and functional human liver from an iPSC-derived organ bud transplant|journal=Nature|volume=499|issue=7459|pages=481–484|doi=10.1038/nature12271|pmid=23823721 |year=2013 |bibcode=2013Natur.499..481T |s2cid=4423004 }}{{cite news|last=Gallagher|first=James|title=Tiny stem-cell livers grown in laboratory|work=BBC News|date=3 July 2013|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-23158955|access-date=12 October 2013}}
On October 1, 2013, due to a contentious debate about funding for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act the government of the United States entered a period of shutdown, causing 800,000 federal workers to be furloughed. October 1, 2013 was also the first day that many insurance exchanges went online and other sections of the act began to be implemented.{{cite news |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/01/us/politics/congress-shutdown-debate.html |title = Government Near Broad Shutdown in Budget Impasse | work = The New York Times |date = September 30, 2013 |last1 = Weisman |first1 = Jonathan |last2 = Peters |first2 = Jeremy W. |access-date = September 30, 2013}}
On October 7, 2013, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman, and Thomas C. Südhof for research on cell vesicles.{{cite web|website=Nobel Foundation|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2013/press.html|access-date=11 October 2013}}

Medicine in the 2010s

Decade

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

See also

References