Merian C. Cooper

Merian Caldwell Cooper was born in Jacksonville, Florida, to lawyer John C. Cooper and Mary Caldwell. He was the youngest of three children. At age six, Cooper decided that he wanted to be an explorer after hearing stories from the book Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa.{{rp|10,14}} He was educated at The Lawrenceville School in New Jersey and graduated in 1911.{{rp|19}}{{cite web|title=Notable Alumni|url=http://www.lawrenceville.org/about/history/notable-alumni/index.aspx|website=The Lawrenceville School|access-date=11 July 2016|archive-date=November 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109003646/http://www.lawrenceville.org/about/history/notable-alumni/index.aspx|url-status=dead}}

After graduation, Cooper received a prestigious appointment to the U.S. Naval Academy,{{rp|19}} but was expelled during his senior year for "hell raising and for championing air power".{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Dinitia |title=Getting That Monkey Off His Creator's Back |date=August 13, 2005 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/13/movies/MoviesFeatures/13kong.html |work=The New York Times}} In 1916, Cooper worked for the Minneapolis Daily News as a reporter, where he met Delos Lovelace.{{cite book|last1=Lovelace|first1=Delos|last2=Wallace|first2=Edgar|title=King Kong|date=2005|publisher=Modern Library|location=New York|isbn=978-0-345-48496-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pia9EEgSk00C&pg=PR12|access-date=14 November 2016}} In the next few years, he also worked at the Des Moines Register-Leader and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.{{rp|22}}

In 1916, Cooper joined the Georgia National Guard to help chase Pancho Villa in Mexico.{{cite web|title=Memoirs of King Kong Director and War Hero at Hoover|url=http://www.hoover.org/news/memoirs-king-kong-director-and-war-hero-hoover|website=Hoover Institution|publisher=Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior University|date=4 March 2014|access-date=11 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427054908/http://www.hoover.org/news/memoirs-king-kong-director-and-war-hero-hoover|archive-date=2015-04-27|url-status=dead}} He was called home in March 1917. He worked for the El Paso Herald on a 30-day leave of absence. After returning to his service, Cooper was appointed lieutenant; however, he refused the appointment hoping to participate in combat. Instead, he went to the Military Aeronautics School in Atlanta to learn to fly. Cooper graduated at the top of his class.{{rp|24–25}}

File:Cooper AEF death.jpg

File:Merian Cooper.jpg uniform]]

In October 1917, six months after the American entry into World War I, Cooper went to France with the 201st Squadron. He attended flying school in Issoudun. While flying with his friend, Cooper hit his head and was knocked out during a 200-foot plunge. After the incident, Cooper suffered from shock and had to relearn how to fly. Cooper requested to go to Clermont-Ferrand to be trained as a bomber pilot. He became a pilot with the 20th Aero Squadron (which later became the 1st Day Bombardment Group).{{rp|26–27}}

Cooper served as a DH-4 bomber pilot with the United States Army Air Service during World War I.{{cite book |last=West |first=James E. |author-link=James E. West (Scouting) |title=The Boy Scouts Book of True Adventure |year=1931 |publisher=Putnam |location=New York |oclc=8484128}} On September 26, 1918, his plane was shot down. The plane caught fire, and Cooper spun the plane to suck the flames out. Cooper survived, although he suffered burns, injured his hands, and was presumed dead. German soldiers saw his plane landing and took him to a prisoner reserve hospital.{{rp|8,38–41}} The death certificate on this page was sent to Cooper's family. The Army had believed him killed but he was captured by the Germans and taken as a Prisoner of war (POW). Cooper's father received a letter from Merian around the time the death certificate arrived. Merian C. Cooper sent the copy back to the Army with the notation on top "In the language of Mark Twain Your death has been greatly exaggerated."{{cite web | url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7787194 | title=National Archives NextGen Catalog }}

Captain Cooper remained in the Air Service after the war; he helped with Herbert Hoover's U.S. Food Administration that provided aid to Poland. He later became the chief of the Poland division.{{cite web|title=Merian C. Cooper – Forgotten hero of two nations|url=http://www.americanpolishcooperationsociety.com/2016/01/merian-c-cooper-forgotten-hero-of-two-nations/|website=American Polish Cooperation Society|access-date=11 July 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812231834/http://www.americanpolishcooperationsociety.com/2016/01/merian-c-cooper-forgotten-hero-of-two-nations/|archive-date=August 12, 2016|df=mdy-all}} In the early spring of 1919, while supplying the besieged Poles in Lviv during the Polish–Ukrainian War, he claimed to have first discussed US air support for the Polish eastern flank with General Tadeusz Rozwadowski who commanded the city's defence.{{citation |last=Patelski |first=Mariusz |title=Ochotnicy amerykańscy w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej. Z działalności dyplomatycznej gen. Tadeusza Jordan Rozwadowskiego |journal=Zeszyty Historyczne |volume=132 |year=2000 |url=https://static.kulturaparyska.com/attachments/ca/20/77cbc141fc6025c952b1542002dc5d0b33c46231.pdf#page=217}}{{rp|218}}

The contract for the formation of a volunteer American flight squadron was signed by Rozwadowski, Cooper and Major Cedric Fauntleroy at the Wagram Hotel in Paris on August 26, 1919.{{rp|218}} On his arrival in Poland, Cooper met with cold reception from the Chief of State Józef Piłsudski, who considered the Americans "paid mercenaries". They were nonetheless dispatched to Lviv in October 1919 and drafted into the Polish military as the Kościuszko Squadron in December.{{rp|219–20}} Cooper then provided air combat support for the Polish Army in the Polish–Soviet War. On July 13, 1920, his plane was shot down, and he spent nearly nine months in a Soviet prisoner of war camp where the writer Isaac Babel interviewed him.{{cite web|url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/babel.htm |title=Isaac Babel |website=Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi) |first=Petri |last=Liukkonen |publisher=Kuusankoski Public Library |location=Finland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308090843/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/babel.htm |archive-date=March 8, 2014 |url-status=dead }} He escaped just before the war was over and made it to Latvia. For his valor he was decorated by Polish commander-in-chief Józef Piłsudski with the highest Polish military decoration, the Virtuti Militari.

File:CooperAtLatvianBorder.jpg

During his time as a POW, Cooper wrote an autobiography: Things Men Die For. The manuscript was published by G. P. Putnam's Sons in New York (the Knickerbocker Press) in 1927. However, in 1928, Cooper regretted releasing certain details about "Nina" (probably Marjorie Crosby-Słomczyńska) with whom he had relations outside of wedlock. Cooper asked Dagmar Matson, who had the manuscript, to buy all the copies of the book possible. Matson found almost all 5,000 copies that had been printed. The books were destroyed, while Cooper and Matson each kept a copy.{{cite book|title=Things Men Die For: About the Book|ol=6703214M}}

An interbellum Polish film directed by Leonard Buczkowski, Gwiaździsta eskadra (The Starry Squadron), was inspired by Cooper's experiences as a Polish Air Force officer. The film was made with the cooperation of the Polish army and was the most expensive Polish film prior to World War II. After World War II, all copies of the film found in Poland were destroyed by the Soviets.{{cite web|last1=Snusz|first1=Zbyszek|title="Gwiaździsta eskadra" – film kręcony z gigantycznym rozmachem w 1930 roku|url=http://poznan.naszemiasto.pl/artykul/gwiazdzista-eskadra-film-krecony-z-gigantycznym-rozmachem-w,1550277,art,t,id,tm.html|website=Naszemiasto|date=September 25, 2012|access-date=8 July 2016}}

File:Grass (1925) - Ernest Schoedsack & Merian Cooper.jpg in a scene from Grass (1925).]]

After returning from overseas in 1921, Cooper got a job working the night shift at The New York Times. He was commissioned to write articles for Asia magazine. Cooper was able to travel with Ernest Schoedsack on a sea voyage on the Wisdom II. As part of the journey, he traveled to Abyssinia, or the Ethiopian Empire, where he met their prince regent, Ras Tefari, later known as Emperor Haile Selassie I. The ship left Abyssinia in February 1923. On their way home, the crew narrowly missed being attacked by pirates, and the ship was burned down.{{rp|81–83,95–104}} His three-part series for Asia was published in 1923.{{rp|106}}

After returning home, Cooper researched for the American Geographical Society. In 1924, Cooper joined Schoedsack and Marguerite Harrison who had embarked on an expedition that would be turned into the film Grass (1925).{{rp|111}} They returned later the same year. Cooper became a member of the Explorers Club of New York in January 1925 and was asked to give lectures and attend events due to his extensive traveling. Grass was acquired by Paramount Pictures. Cooper and Schoedsack's first film gained the attention of Jesse Lasky, who commissioned the duo for their second film, Chang (1927). They also produced the film The Four Feathers,{{rp|132–137,162}} which was filmed among the fighting tribes of the Sudan. These films combined real footage with staged sequences.

From 1926 to 1927, Cooper discussed with John Hambleton the plans for Pan American Airways, which was formed in 1927.{{rp|180}} Cooper was a member of the board of directors of Pan American Airways.{{cite book|last1=Schwartz|first1=Rosalie|title=Flying Down to Rio: Hollywood, Tourists, and Yankee Clippers|date=October 2004|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|isbn=978-1-58544-421-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JD-9X8dDaikC&pg=PA18|access-date=8 July 2016}} During his tenure at Pan Am, the company established the first regularly scheduled transatlantic service. While he was on the board, Cooper did not devote his full attention to the organization; he took time in 1929 and 1930 to work on the script for King Kong. By 1931, he was back in Hollywood.{{rp|182,183}} He resigned from the board of directors in 1935, following health complications.{{rp|258}}

{{main|King Kong (1933 film)}}

{{see also|King Kong#Ownership_rights}}

Cooper said that he thought of King Kong after he had a dream that a giant gorilla was terrorizing New York City. When he awoke, he recorded the idea and used it for the film.{{cite web|last1=Krizanovich|first1=Karen|title=The big monkey with a big backstory: The Legend of King Kong|url=http://www.pictureboxfilms.com/blog/the-big-monkey-with-a-big-backstory-the-legend-of-king-kong|website=Picture Box Films|access-date=8 July 2016}} He was going to have a giant gorilla fight a Komodo dragon or other animal, but found that the technique of interlacing that he wanted to use would not provide realistic results.{{rp|194}}

File:King-Kong-1933-RKO.jpg

Cooper needed a production studio for the film, but recognized the great cost of the movie, especially during the Great Depression. Cooper helped David Selznick get a job at RKO Pictures, which was struggling financially. Selznick became the vice president of RKO and asked Cooper to join him in September 1931, although he had only produced three films thus far in his career.{{cite book|last=Cotta Vaz|first=Mark|title=Living Dangerously: The Adventures of Merian C. Cooper, Creator of King Kong|date=2005|location=New York|publisher=Villard Books|isbn=978-1-4000-6276-8|url=https://archive.org/details/livingdangerousl00vazm}}{{rp|202–203}} Cooper began working as an executive assistant at age thirty-eight.{{cite book|last1=Lasky|first1=Betty|title=RKO: The Biggest Little Major of Them All|date=1984|publisher=Prentice-Hall, Inc.|location=Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey|isbn=0-13-781451-8|url=https://archive.org/details/rkobiggestlittle00lask}}{{rp|74}} He officially pitched the idea for King Kong in December 1931. Shortly after, he began to seek actors and build full-scale sets, although the screenplay was not yet complete.{{rp|207–208}}

The screenplay was delivered to Cooper in January 1932. Schoedsack contributed to the film, focusing on shooting scenes for the boat sequences and in native villages, leaving Cooper to shoot the jungle scenes. In February 1933, the title for the film was registered for copyright.{{rp|218–223}} Throughout filming there were creative battles. Critics at RKO argued that the film should begin with Kong. Cooper believed that a film should begin with a "slow dramatic buildup that would establish everything from characters to mood ..." so that the action of the film could "naturally, relentlessly, roll on out of its own creative movement", and thus chose not to begin the film with a shot of Kong. The iconic scene in which Kong is atop of the Empire State Building was almost canceled by Cooper for legal reasons, but was kept in the film because RKO bought the rights to The Lost World.{{rp|229,231}}

Overlapping with the production of King Kong was the making of The Most Dangerous Game, which began in May 1932. Cooper once again worked with Schoedsack to produce the film.{{rp|214}}

In the 1933 version of King Kong, Cooper and co-director Ernest B. Schoedsack appear at the end, piloting the plane that finally finishes off Kong. Cooper had reportedly said, "We should kill the sonofabitch ourselves."{{cite book|last1=Wallace|first1=Edgar|first2=Merian C.| last2=Cooper|title=King Kong|date=2005|publisher=Modern Library|isbn=978-0-8129-7493-5|page=xiii|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pia9EEgSk00C&pg=PR13|access-date=8 July 2016}} Cooper personally cut a scene in King Kong in which four sailors are shaken off a tree trunk bridge by Kong, fall into a ravine, and are eaten alive by giant spiders. According to Hollywood folklore, the decision was made after previews in January 1933, during which audience members either fled the theater in terror or talked about the ghastly scene throughout the remainder of the movie. However, more objective sources maintain that the scene merely slowed the film's pace. Despite the rumor that Cooper kept a print of the cut footage as a memento, it has never been found.{{cite book |author=Morton, Ray |year=2005 |title=King Kong: the history of a movie icon from Fay Wray to Peter Jackson |location=New York, NY |publisher=Applause Theatre & Cinema Books |isbn=1-55783-669-8}} In 2021, film historian Ray Morton stated in an interview that, after looking through the films shooting schedule, he found no evidence the sequence was ever filmed.{{cite web | url=https://kaijutransmissions.podbean.com/e/the-legacy-of-kong-with-author-ray-morton/ | title=The Legacy of Kong with Author Ray Morton! | the Kaiju Transmissions Podcast }} In 1963, Cooper argued unsuccessfully that he should own the rights to King Kong; later in 1976, judges ruled that Cooper's estate owned the rights to King Kong outside the movie and its sequel.{{rp|362; 387}} Selznick left RKO before the release of King Kong, and Cooper served as production chief from 1933 to 1934 with Pan Berman as his executive assistant.

In the 2005 remake of King Kong, upon learning that Fay Wray was not available because she was making a film at RKO, Carl Denham (Jack Black) replies, "Cooper, huh? I might have known."{{cite news|last1=Dawidziak|first1=Mark|title=Turner Classic Movies celebrates the 75th anniversary of 'King Kong'|url=http://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2008/04/turner_classic_movies_celebrat.html|access-date=8 July 2016|agency=Cleveland.com|date=4 Apr 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011004321/http://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2008/04/turner_classic_movies_celebrat.html|archive-date=October 11, 2016|df=mdy-all}}

Cooper helped the Whitney cousins form Pioneer Pictures in 1933, while he was still working for RKO.{{rp|254}} He was named vice president in charge of production for Pioneer Pictures in 1934.{{cite news|title=Pioneer Plans Color Films|agency=The Wall Street Journal|date=5 Nov 1934}} He would use Pioneer Pictures to test his technicolor innovations. The company contracted with RKO in order to fulfill Cooper's obligations to the company, including She and The Last Days of Pompeii. Cooper later referred to She as the "worst picture I ever made."{{rp|259,263}}

After these disappointments, Pioneer Pictures released a short film in three-strip technicolor called La Cucaracha, which was well-received. The film won an Academy Award in 1934. Pioneer released the first full-length technicolor film, Becky Sharp in 1935.{{rp|267–269}} Cooper helped to advocate and pave the way for the ground-breaking technology of technicolor, as well as the widescreen process called Cinerama.{{cite web|title=Merian C. Cooper Productions Sunday, July 3|url=https://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/107434|website=TCM|access-date=11 July 2016}}

Selznick formed Selznick International Pictures in 1935, and Pioneer Pictures merged with it in June 1936.{{rp|269,274}} Cooper became the vice president of Selznick International Pictures that same year. Cooper did not stay long; he resigned in 1937 due to disagreements over the film Stagecoach.{{rp|275}}

After resigning from Selznick International, Cooper went to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) in June 1937. A noteworthy project that Cooper was involved in was the fantasy film War Eagles. The film, which would have used extensive special effects, was abandoned in approximately 1939 and never finished. Cooper was to return to the Army Air Force.{{rp|276–281}}

Cooper re-enlisted and was commissioned a colonel in the U.S. Army Air Forces.{{cite web|title=Colonel Merian C. Cooper|url=http://www.ozatwar.com/people/meriancooper.htm|website=Ozatwar|access-date=11 July 2016}} He served with Col. Robert L. Scott in India. He worked as logistics liaison for the Doolittle Raid. Thereafter, Cooper and Scott worked with Col. Caleb V. Haynes at Dinjan Airfield. They all were involved in establishing the Assam-Burma-China Ferrying Command. This marked the beginnings of The Hump Airlift.

Colonel Cooper later served in China as chief of staff for General Claire Chennault of the China Air Task Force, which was the precursor of the Fourteenth Air Force. On October 25, 1942, a CATF raid consisting of 12 B-25s and 7 P-40s, led by Colonel Cooper, successfully bombed the Kowloon Docks at Hong Kong.{{cite web|url=https://gwulo.com/node/18919/view-pages|title=WW2 Air Raids over Hong Kong & South China: View pages - Gwulo: Old Hong Kong|website=gwulo.com|access-date=March 23, 2018}}

He served from 1943 to 1945 in the Southwest Pacific as chief of staff for the Fifth Air Force's Bomber Command.{{cite book|last1=Rowan|first1=Terry|title=Who's Who in Hollywood|isbn=978-1-329-07449-1|page=75|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=prqcCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA75|access-date=13 July 2016|year=2015|publisher=Lulu.com }} At the end of the war, he was promoted to brigadier general. For his contributions, he was also aboard the USS Missouri to witness Japan's surrender.

Cooper and his friend and frequent collaborator, noted director John Ford, formed Argosy Productions in 1946{{cite web|title=John Ford—Independent Profile|url=http://www.cobbles.com/simpp_archive/argosy_ford.htm|website=Hollywood Renegades|publisher=Cobblestone Entertainment|access-date=13 July 2016}} and produced such notable films as Wagon Master (1950),{{rp|112}} Ford's Fort Apache (1948), and She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (1949). Cooper's films at Argosy reflected his patriotism and his vision of the United States.{{rp|321}}

Argosy negotiated a contract with RKO in 1946 to make four pictures. Cooper was able to make Grass a complete picture. Cooper also produced and directed Mighty Joe Young, which recruited Schoedsack as director. Cooper visited the set of the film every day to check on progress.{{rp|335,340–342}}

Cooper left Argosy Pictures to pursue the process of Cinerama.{{rp|350}} He became the vice president of Cinerama Productions in the 1950s and was also elected a board member. After failing to convince other board members to finance skilled technicians, Cooper left Cinerama with Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney to form C. V. Whitney Productions. Cooper continued to outline movies to be shot in Cinerama, but C. V. Whitney Productions only produced a few films.{{rp|355–358}} Cooper was the executive producer for Ford's The Searchers (1956).{{cite book|last1=Eckstein|first1=Arthur M.|title=The Searchers: Essays and Reflections on John Ford's Classic Western|date=February 2004|publisher=Wayne State University Press|isbn=978-0-8143-3056-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BcQiOl0z2McC&pg=PA117|access-date=11 July 2016}}{{rp|117}}

In the 1950s, Cooper supported Joseph McCarthy in his crusade to root out Communists in Hollywood and Washington, D.C.{{rp|386–91}}

He backed Barry Goldwater in the 1964 United States presidential election.{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QfHXAAAAQBAJ&q=Merian%20Cooper | title=When Hollywood Was Right: How Movie Stars, Studio Moguls, and Big Business Remade American Politics| isbn=9781107650282| last1=Critchlow| first1=Donald T.| date=2013-10-21| publisher=Cambridge University Press}}

Cooper founded Advanced Projects Corporation (1966–1972), a technology venture focused on developing 3D color television, whose mission he described as "revolutionizing both theatrical productions and exhibition as well as television".{{rp|374}}{{Cite archival metadata |author=James V. D'Arc, John N. Gillespie |title = Advanced Projects Corporation records, 1966-1972, MSS 2008 Series 12. Merian C. Cooper papers, MSS 2008 |url = https://archives.lib.byu.edu/repositories/14/archival_objects/122577 |repository = L. Tom Perry Special Collections |location = Provo, UT |date=2000 |access-date = 10 April 2025}} He served as the chairman of its board and enlisted Charles B. Fitzsimons as president, inventor Wadsworth E. Pohl as vice president, Kathy Ryan as executive secretary, and his own son Richard, General John R. Alison (an old comrade from China), William Douglas Burden, Thomas Corcoran and lawyer Earl S. Wright as directors.{{rp|374}} The company won the contract to build and operate the Ozark Folk Center and started the construction of its facility in 1971 before running out of funds and leasing the site to the Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism in May 1972.{{citation |title=Ozark Folk Center State Park |work=Encyclopedia of Arkansas |date=July 21, 2023 |url=https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/ozark-folk-center-state-park-1245/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527190518/https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/ozark-folk-center-state-park-1245/ |archive-date=27 May 2019 |url-status=live}}{{cite interview |last=Jennings |first=Jean |interviewer-last=Lea |interviewer-first=Anne |title=Creation and Development of the Arkansas Folk Festival and Ozark Folk Center – An Oral History Project |publisher=Lyon College Regional Studies Center |location=Mountain View, AR |date=June 14, 2003 |url=https://home.lyon.edu/mslibrary/rcol/jennings.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410175850/https://home.lyon.edu/mslibrary/rcol/jennings.htm |archive-date=10 April 2025 |url-status=live}}

File:Merian C. Cooper Star HWF.JPG, at 6525 Hollywood Blvd., with first name misspelled ]]

For his military service in Poland, Cooper was awarded the Silver Cross of the Order of Virtuti Militari (presented by Piłsudski), and Poland's Cross of Valour.

In 1927, Cooper was one of 19 prominent Americans who were given the title of "Honorary Scouts" by the Boy Scouts of America for "... achievements in outdoor activity, exploration and worthwhile adventure ... of such an exceptional character as to capture the imagination of boys". The other honorees were Roy Chapman Andrews, Robert Bartlett, Frederick Russell Burnham, Richard E. Byrd, George Kruck Cherrie, James L. Clark, Lincoln Ellsworth, Louis Agassiz Fuertes, George Bird Grinnell, Charles Lindbergh, Donald Baxter MacMillan, Clifford H. Pope, George Palmer Putnam, Kermit Roosevelt, Carl Rungius, Stewart Edward White, and Orville Wright.{{cite magazine |date=August 29, 1927 |title=Around the World |magazine=Time |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,723029,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220054952/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,723029,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 20, 2008 |access-date= October 24, 2007 }}

In 1949, Mighty Joe Young won an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, which was presented to Willis O'Brien, the man responsible for the film's special effects.{{cite news|title='Mighty Joe Young' (1949)|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/lat-harry-life11-la0004622614-20000803-photo.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807180931/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/lat-harry-life11-la0004622614-20000803-photo.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 August 2016|access-date=8 July 2016|agency=Los Angeles Times}}{{cite book|last1=Pitts|first1=Michael R.|title=RKO radio pictures horror, science fiction and fantasy films, 1930–1956.|date=2014|publisher=Mcfarland|isbn=978-0-7864-6047-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=op6vBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA192|access-date=14 November 2016}}

Cooper was awarded an honorary Oscar for lifetime achievement in 1952.{{cite book|last1=Rausch|first1=Andrew J.|title=The Hundred Greatest American Films: A Quiz Book|date=July 2002|publisher=Citadel|isbn=978-0-8065-2337-8|page=118|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=olaP4o-DHI8C&pg=PA118|access-date=8 July 2016}} His film The Quiet Man was nominated for Best Picture that year, but lost to Cecil B. DeMille's The Greatest Show on Earth.{{cite web|title=1952 Academy Awards® Winners and History|url=http://www.filmsite.org/aa52.html|website=AMC|access-date=8 July 2016}} Cooper has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, though his first name is misspelled "Meriam".{{cite web|last1=Conradt|first1=Stacy|title=6 Misspellings on the Hollywood Walk of Fame|url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/82386/6-misspellings-hollywood-walk-fame|website=mental_floss|date=July 2016|access-date=8 July 2016}}

Cooper was the father of Polish translator and writer Maciej Słomczyński. He married film actress Dorothy Jordan on May 27, 1933. They kept their marriage a secret from Hollywood for a month before it was reported by journalists. He suffered a heart attack later that year.{{rp|252,255}}

Cooper died of cancer on April 21, 1973,{{Cite archival metadata |author = James V. D'Arc, John N. Gillespie |title = Merian C. Cooper papers |url = http://archives.lib.byu.edu/repositories/14/resources/11057 |repository = L. Tom Perry Special Collections |location = Provo, UT |date = 2000 |access-date = 8 Jul 2016}} in San Diego. His ashes were scattered at sea with full military honors.{{rp|378}}

{{Reflist|40em}}

• {{cite journal |first=Merian C. |last=Cooper |title=The Warfare of the Jungle Folk: Campaigning Against Tigers, Elephants, and Other Wild Animals in Northern Siam |journal=National Geographic |date=February 1928 |pages=233–68}}
• {{cite book |first=Janusz |last=Cisek |title=Kosciuszko, We Are Here! |publisher=McFarland |year=2002 |oclc=49871871 |isbn=9780786412402}}
• I'm King Kong!—The Exploits of Merian C. Cooper (2005), TCM documentary on Cooper, directed by Kevin Brownlow.

{{Commons category}}

{{Wikiquote}}

{{wikisource|works=or}}

• {{IMDb name|0178260}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012202921/http://zwoje-scrolls.com/zwoje13/text17p.htm Cooper's polish-soviet war]
• [http://www.jaxhistory.org/portfolio-items/merian-caldwell-cooper-man-created-king-kong/ mini-bio and pictures of Cooper as a teenager] on JaxHistory.Com

• [http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt1m3nd8pg/ Inventory of the Merian C. Cooper papers] at the [http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives/ Hoover Institution Archives] at Stanford University
• [http://archives.lib.byu.edu/agents/people/1163?&filter_fields%5B%5D=primary_type&filter_values%5B%5D=resource Collections relating to Merian C. Cooper] in the L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library Brigham Young University

{{Merian C. Cooper}}

{{Academy Honorary Award}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cooper, Merian C.}}

Category:1893 births

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Category:Film producers from Florida

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Category:Lawrenceville School alumni

Category:Mass media people from Jacksonville, Florida

Category:Military personnel from Florida

Category:Polish people of the Polish–Soviet War

Category:Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)

Category:Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari

Category:Shot-down aviators

Category:United States Army Air Forces bomber pilots of World War II

Category:United States Army Air Forces officers

Category:United States Army Air Service pilots of World War I

Category:United States Army colonels

Category:United States Army personnel of World War I

Category:World War I prisoners of war held by Germany