Messier 66
{{short description|Intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox Galaxy
| name = Messier 66
| image = File:Phot-33c-03-fullres.jpg
| caption = A colour-composite image of M66
| credit =
| epoch = J2000
| dist_ly = {{Convert|9.6|Mpc|Mly|order=flip|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| z = {{Val|0.002425|0.000010}} ({{Val|696.3|12.7|u=km/s}})
| size_v = 9.1{{prime}} × 4.2{{prime}}
| size = 85,200 ly (26.12 kpc) (estimated)
| constellation name = Leo
| notes = Galaxy in the Leo Triplet
| names = Arp 16, NGC 3627, PGC 34695, UGC 6346
}}
Messier 66 or M66, also known as NGC 3627, is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the southern, equatorial half of Leo. It was discovered by French astronomer Charles Messier on 1 March 1780, who described it as "very long and very faint". This galaxy is a member of a small group of galaxies that includes M65 and NGC 3628, known as the Leo Triplet or the M66 Group. M65 and M66 are a common object for amateur astronomic observation, being separated by only {{Val|20|ul=arcminute}}.
M66 has a morphological classification of SABb, indicating a spiral shape with a weak bar feature and loosely wound arms. The isophotal axis ratio is 0.32, indicating that it is being viewed at an angle. M66 is receding from us with a heliocentric radial velocity of {{Val|696.3|12.7|u=km/s}}. It lies 31 million light-years away and is about 95 thousand light-years acrossPer the small angle formula: 31 Mly × tan( 9.1{{prime}} ) = ~82 kly. diameter with striking dust lanes and bright star clusters along sweeping spiral arms.
Gravitational interaction from its past encounter with neighboring NGC 3628 has resulted in an extremely high central mass concentration; a high molecular to atomic mass ratio; and a resolved non-rotating clump of H I material apparently removed from one of the spiral arms. The latter feature shows up visually as an extremely prominent and unusual spiral arm and dust lane structures as originally noted in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.
Supernovae
Five supernovae have been observed in M66:
- SN 1973R (type II, mag. 14.5) was discovered by Leonida Rosino on 19 December 1973.{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}1973R | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1973R | publisher = IAU | access-date=3 December 2024}}
- SN 1989B (type Ia, mag. 13) was discovered by Robert Evans on 30 January 1989.{{cite journal | bibcode=1989IAUC.4726....1E| title=Supernova 1989B in NGC 3627| last1=Evans| first1=R. O.| last2=McNaught| first2=R. H.| journal=International Astronomical Union Circular| date=1989| issue=4726| page=1}}{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}1989B | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1989B | publisher = IAU | access-date=3 December 2024}}
- SN 1997bs (type uncertain, mag. 17) was discovered by the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) on 15 April 1997.{{cite journal | bibcode=1997IAUC.6627....1T| title=Supernova 1997bs in NGC 3627| last1=Treffers| first1=R. R.| last2=Peng| first2=C. Y.| last3=Filippenko| first3=A. V.| last4=Richmond| first4=M. W.| last5=Barth| first5=A. J.| last6=Gilbert| first6=A. M.| journal=International Astronomical Union Circular| date=1997| issue=6627| page=1}}{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}1997bs | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1997bs | publisher = IAU | access-date=3 December 2024}} This event was initially classified as a type IIn supernova, but more recent analysis suggests that it is instead either a luminous blue variable or a "gap" transient.{{cite journal |last1=Van Dyk |first1=Schuyler D. |last2=Peng |first2=Chien Y. |last3=King |first3=Jennifer Y. |last4=Filippenko |first4=Alexei V. |last5=Richards |first5=R. R. |last6=Li |first6=Weidong |last7=Richmond |first7=Michael W. |title=SN 1997bs in M66: Another Extragalactic η Carinae Analog? |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |volume=112 |issue=778 |pages=1532–1541 |year=2000 |doi=10.1086/317727|arxiv=astro-ph/0009027 |bibcode=2000PASP..112.1532V }}{{cite journal | doi=10.1093/mnras/stab1938 | doi-access=free | title=A systematic reclassification of Type IIn supernovae | date=2021 | last1=Ransome | first1=C. L. | last2=Habergham-Mawson | first2=S. M. | last3=Darnley | first3=M. J. | last4=James | first4=P. A. | last5=Filippenko | first5=A. V. | last6=Schlegel | first6=E. M. | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=506 | issue=4 | pages=4715–4734 | arxiv=2107.02179 }}
- SN 2009hd (type II, mag. 15.8) was discovered by Libert (Berto) Monard on 2 July 2009.{{cite journal | bibcode=2009CBET.1867....1M| title=Supernova 2009hd in M66| last1=Monard| first1=L. A. G.| journal=Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams| date=2009| issue=1867| page=1}}{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}2009hd | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2009hd | publisher = IAU | access-date=3 December 2024}}
- SN 2016cok (type IIP, mag. 16.6) was discovered by the All Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae on 28 May 2016.{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}2016cok | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2016cok | publisher = IAU | access-date=2 December 2024}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/spy-two-supernovae-june-night-sky-180959400/|title=Spy Two Supernovae in June's Night Sky|last=Lewis|first=Danny|website=Smithsonian|language=en|access-date=2019-11-22}}
Gallery
File:Sig05-016.jpg|alt=A "False Color" Version of Messier 66 by the SST (Spitzer Space Telescope)|Infrared false color view of M66 from the Spitzer Space Telescope
File:Infrared_false_color_view_of_M66_from_the_Jamess_Webb_Telescope.jpg|alt=A "False Color" Version of Messier 66 by the James Webb Space Telescope|Infrared false color view of M66 from the James Webb Space Telescope
File:Messier 066 2MASS.jpg|Messier 66 by 2MASS
File:Messier 66 - NGC 3627 - GALEX.png|An ultraviolet image of Messier 66 by GALEX
See also
References
{{reflist|refs=
{{cite simbad | title=NGC 3627 | access-date=2018-12-02 }}
| date=15 June 2016 | postscript=.
| first1=Hartmut | last1=Frommert
| first2=Christine | last2=Kronberg
| url=http://messier.seds.org/m/m066.html
| title=Spiral Galaxy M66 | access-date=2018-12-03 }}
| title=Deep-Sky Companions: The Messier Objects
| first1=Stephen James | last1=O'Meara
| publisher=Cambridge University Press
| year=2014 | isbn=978-1107018372 | page=248
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fDQZAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA248 }} It is recorded as discovered by Pierre Méchain, but apparently this is an error.
| title=Hunting for Supermassive Black Holes in Nearby Galaxies With the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
| last1=van den Bosch | first1=Remco C. E. | last2=Gebhardt | first2=Karl
| last3=Gültekin | first3=Kayhan | last4=Yıldırım | first4=Akin
| last5=Walsh | first5=Jonelle L. | display-authors=1
| journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
| volume=218 | issue=1 | id=10 | pages=13 | date=May 2015
| doi=10.1088/0067-0049/218/1/10 | bibcode=2015ApJS..218...10V
| arxiv=1502.00632 | s2cid=117876537 | postscript=. }}
| title=No X-ray detection of SN2016cok by Swift XRT
| last1=Sutaria | first1=Firoza | last2=Ray | first2=Alak
| journal=The Astronomer's Telegram
| volume=9189 | pages=1 | date=June 2016 | postscript=.
| bibcode=2016ATel.9189....1S }}
| title=Imaging the Messier Objects Remotely from Your Laptop
| series=The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series
| first1=Len | last1=Adam | year=2018
| publisher=Springer | isbn=978-3319653853 | page=290
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7nNUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA290 | bibcode=2018imor.book.....A
}}
| title=A Catalog of Visually Classified Galaxies in the Local (z ~ 0.01) Universe
| last1=Ann | first1=H. B. | last2=Seo | first2=Mira
| last3=Ha | first3=D. K. | display-authors=1
| journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
| volume=217 | issue=2 | pages=27–49 | date=2015
| bibcode=2015ApJS..217...27A | doi=10.1088/0067-0049/217/2/27
| arxiv=1502.03545 | s2cid=119253507 | postscript=. }}
| last1=Tully | first1=R. Brent | last2=Courtois | first2=Hélène M.
| last3=Sorce | first3=Jenny G. | display-authors=1
| title=Cosmicflows-3 | journal=The Astronomical Journal
| volume=152 | issue=2 | id=50 | pages=21 | date=August 2016
| doi=10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50 | bibcode=2016AJ....152...50T
| arxiv=1605.01765 | s2cid=250737862 | postscript=. | doi-access=free }}
| last1=de Vaucouleurs | first1=G. | last2=de Vaucouleurs | first2=A.
| last3=Corwin | first3=H. G. Jr. | last4=Buta | first4=R. J.
| last5=Paturel | first5=G. | last6=Fouque | first6=P.
| title=Third reference catalogue of bright galaxies
| version=9 | display-authors=1 | date=1991
| publisher=Springer-Verlag | location=New York }}
| title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
| work=Results for NGC 3627 | postscript=.
| url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=m66&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES
| access-date=2006-08-31 }}
| last1=Zhang | first1=Xiaolei | last2=Wright | first2=Melvyn
| last3=Alexander | first3=Paul | display-authors=1
| title=High-Resolution CO and H i Observations of the Interacting Galaxy NGC 3627
| journal=Astrophysical Journal | postscript=.
| volume=418 | page=100 | date=1993
| bibcode=1993ApJ...418..100Z | doi=10.1086/173374 | doi-access=free }}
}}
External links
{{commons category}}
- [http://ryutao.main.jp/english/st2k_m66_m300.html Spiral Galaxy M66]
- Astronomy Picture of the Day – [https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap100413.html Unusual Spiral Galaxy M66 from Hubble] – 2010 April 13
- [https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap240613.html Messier 66 Close Up], APOD June 13, 2024
- {{cite web|title=M66 – Spiral Galaxy|url=http://www.deepskyvideos.com/videos/messier/M66_spiral_galaxy.html|work=Deep Sky Videos|publisher=Brady Haran|author=Merrifield, Mike|author2=Szymanek, Nik |author-link2=Nik Szymanek }}{{WikiSky}}
{{Sky|11|20|15.0|+|12|59|30|36000000}}
{{Portal bar|Astronomy|Stars|Outer space}}
{{Messier objects}}
{{Ngc40}}
Category:Intermediate spiral galaxies
Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1780