Michael Dine

Dine received in 1974 a bachelor's degree from Johns Hopkins University and in 1978 a Ph.D. under Thomas Appelquist from Yale University with thesis Interactions of Heavy Quarks in Quantum Chromodynamics. He did research at SLAC and was for a number of years at the Institute for Advanced Study[https://www.ias.edu/scholars/michael-dine Michael Dine, Institute for Advanced Study] and the Henry Semat Professor at City College of New York. He is currently a professor at Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics (SCIPP) of the University of California, Santa Cruz.

Dine was a Guggenheim Fellow for the academic year 2006–2007 and Sloan Fellow in 1986.{{cite news|date=9 March 1986|title=90 Scientists Win Research Grants|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/09/nyregion/90-scientists-win-research-grants.html}} He is a fellow of American Physical Society and in 2010 he was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is a recipient of the 2018 Sakurai Prize.{{cite web|url=http://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/prizerecipient.cfm?last_nm=Dine&first_nm=Michael&year=2018|title=2018 J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics, Michael Dine|website=APS Physics}} He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in April 2019.{{cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2019-nas-election.html|title=2019 NAS Election|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|date=April 30, 2019}}

Dine works on the "phenomenology" (i.e. experimentally testable models for low energy) of supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model and of superstring theory. In particular, he does research on supersymmetry breaking.{{Cite journal|author=Dine, Michael|author2=Mason, John D.|title=Supersymmetry and its dynamical breaking|journal=Reports on Progress in Physics|volume=74|issue=5|pages=056201|year=2010|arxiv=1012.2836|doi=10.1088/0034-4885/74/5/056201|bibcode=2011RPPh...74e6201D|s2cid=55070903 }} Dine investigated in the 1980s modifications of quantum chromodynamics with dynamical supersymmetry breaking (DSB), partly with Ian Affleck and Nathan Seiberg.Ian Affleck, Dine, Nathan Seiberg Dynamical supersymmetry breaking in supersymmetric QCD, Nucl. Phys. B, vol. 241, 1984, pp. 493–534 {{doi|10.1016/0550-3213(84)90058-0}}; the same authors, Dynamical supersymmetry breaking in chiral theories, Phys.Letters B, vol. 137, 1984, pp. 187–192 {{doi|10.1016/0370-2693(84)90227-2}} With Willy Fischler and Mark Srednicki, Dine published in 1981 a theory of supersymmetric technicolor, using gauge bosons and their superpartners, that provided a model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking.Dine, Fischler, Srednicki Nuclear Physics B, vol. 189, 1981, p. 575, Dine, Fischler Physics Letters B, vol. 110, 1982, p. 227, Dine, Srednicki Nucl.Phys. B, vol. 202, 1982, p. 238. Independently, similar research was done by Savas Dimopoulos, Stuart Raby ,Nucl. Phys., vol.192, 1981, p. 353, and by Edward Witten, Dynamical Breaking of Supersymmetry, Nucl. Phys. B, vol. 188, 1981, p. 513. See Giudice, Rattazzi: Theories with gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking, Physics Reports vol. 322, 1999, {{arxiv|hep-ph/9801271}} Dine with Affleck and Seiberg developed a general theory of dynamical supersymmetry breaking in four-dimensional spacetimeAffleck, Dine, Seiberg: Dynamical supersymmetry breaking in four dimensions and its phenomenological implications, Nucl. Phys. B, vol. 256, 1985, p. 557, {{bibcode|1985NuPhB.256..557A}} and with Ann Nelson, Yuri Shirman, and Yosef Nir developed new models of gauge-mediated dynamical supersymmetry breaking.Dine, Nelson, Nir, Shirman: New tools for low energy dynamic supersymmetry breaking, Physical Review D, vol. 53, 1996, p. 2658, {{arxiv|hep-ph/9507378}}

With Fischler and Srednicki he developed an "Invisible Axion" model known as the DFSZ (Dine–Fischler–Srednicki–Zhitnisky) model.Dine, Willy Fischler, Mark Srednicki A simple solution of the strong CP Problem with a harmless axion, Physics Letters B, vol. 104, 1981, pp. 199–202 {{doi|10.1016/0370-2693(81)90590-6}}. At approximately the same time, similar research was independently done by Mikhail Shifman and colleagues. Later Dine with Fischler also elaborated this theory and its cosmological implications (the axion is a candidate for a dark matter particle). To explain the matter/antimatter imbalance in the universe, Dine and Ian Affeck proposed the Affleck–Dine mechanism.Dine, Affleck, Nuclear Physics B, vol. 249, 1985, p. 361. See Dine, Kusenko The origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry, Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 76, 2004. {{arxiv|hep-ph/0303065}}. The Affleck–Dine mechanism might provide a candidate for a dark matter particle, namely a particular type of Q-ball.

Dine investigated with Ryan Rohm, Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten gluino condensation in string theory,Dine, Rohm, Seiberg, Witten Gluino condensation in superstring models, Physics Letters B, vol. 156, 1985, pp. 55–60 {{doi|10.1016/0370-2693(85)91354-1}} with Witten and Seiberg the implications of Fayet–Iliopoulos D-terms for vacuum destabilization,Dine, Seiberg, Witten Fayet-Iliopoulos Terms in String Theory, Nucl. Phys. B, vol. 289, 1987, pp. 589–598 {{doi|10.1016/0550-3213(87)90395-6}} and with X. G. Wen, Seiberg and Witten the non-perturbative effects (instantons) on the worldsheet of strings.Dine, Seiberg, Wen, Witten Nonperturbative effects on the string world sheet, Nucl. Phys. B, vol. 278, 1986, pp. 769–789 {{doi|10.1016/0550-3213(86)90418-9}}, Part 2, Nucl. Phys. B, vol. 289, 1987, pp. 319–363 {{doi|10.1016/0550-3213(87)90383-X}}

He has done extensive research on applications of superstring theory to cosmology.

as author:

• {{cite book|title=Supersymmetry and string theory: beyond the standard model|location=Cambridge, UK|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MWcnme8c9NEC|isbn=9781139462440}}{{cite web|author=Distler, Jacques|authorlink=Jacques Distler|title=Review of Supersymmetry and string theory by Michael Dine|date=13 February 2007|url=https://golem.ph.utexas.edu/~distler/blog/archives/001161.html}} {{cite book|title=2nd edition|year=2015|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SV0TCwAAQBAJ|isbn=9781107048386|last1=Dine|first1=Michael|publisher=Cambridge University Press }}

as editor:

• {{cite book|title=String theory in four dimensions|year=1988|location=Amsterdam|publisher=North Holland}}
• with Thomas Banks & Subir Sachdev: {{cite book|title=String theory and its applications: TASI 2010, from meV to the Planck scale: Proceedings of the 2010 Theoretical Advanced Study Institute in Elementary Particle Physics (Boulder, Colorado)|year=2011|location=Singapore|publisher=World Scientific}}

{{reflist}}

{{wikiquote}}

• [https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/47092 Oral history interview transcript with Michael Dine on 14 April 2021, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives]
• [http://scipp.ucsc.edu/~dine/ Michael Dine's homepage, scipp.ucsc.edu]
• {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBgUlfttIAc|title=The Strong CP Problem – Michael Dine|date=18 July 2017|website=YouTube}}

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Category:1953 births

Category:Living people

Category:Scientists from Cincinnati

Category:Johns Hopkins University alumni

Category:Yale University alumni

Category:City College of New York faculty

Category:University of California, Santa Cruz faculty

Category:Sloan Research Fellows

Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society

Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences

Category:American string theorists

Category:J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics recipients