Michael Sata

Michael Charles Chilufya Sata was born on 6 July 1937,Official Verbatim Report of the Parliamentary Debates of the First Session (Resumed) of the Fifth National Assembly,

Government Printer, Lusaka[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14952240 "China's stake in Zambia's election"], BBC, 19 September 2011. and brought up in Mpika, Northern Province. He worked under the Zambian Police Service as a police officer, then later as railway man and trade unionist during colonial rule. He spent some time in London working on the railway as a cleaner. Among other things, he was a porter at Victoria railway station.{{cite news|title=The World This Week|newspaper=Economist|date=1 October 2011}} Sata began actively participating in the politics of Northern Rhodesia in 1963. Following independence, Sata worked his way up through the rough-and-tumble rank-and-file of the ruling United National Independence Party (UNIP) to the governorship of Lusaka in 1985. As Governor, he made his mark as a man of action with a hands on approach. He cleaned up the streets, patched roadways and built bridges in the city. Afterward he became a member of parliament for Kabwata constituency in Lusaka. Though once close with President Kenneth Kaunda, he became disillusioned by Kaunda's dictatorial style and he left the UNIP to join the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD){{cite web|title=Kaingu, Chituwo, Mulusa, Siliya and Kafunkache stripped of MMD positions|url=http://lusakavoice.com/2014/06/01/kaingu-chituwo-mulusa-siliya-and-kafunkache-stripped-of-mmd-positions/|website=lusakavoice.com|date=June 2014 }} during the campaign for multi-party politics in 1991.

Sata's first marriage was to Margaret Manda.{{cite news|title=Michael Sata - obituary |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11195960/Michael-Sata-obituary.html |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=2014-10-29 |access-date=2016-08-21}} He later married Christine Kaseba, who was First Lady of Zambia during his presidency. Michael Sata reportedly had at least ten children between his two marriages.

In 2016, Sata's widow, Christine Kaseba, denied claims by another woman that she too had also been married to Michael Sata as well as herself.{{cite news|title=Michael Sata - obituary |url=http://zambiadailynation.com/2016/05/13/im-the-only-wife-kaseba/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514120532/http://zambiadailynation.com/2016/05/13/im-the-only-wife-kaseba/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=14 May 2016 |work=Zambia Daily Nation |date=2016-05-12 |access-date=2016-08-21}}

Michael Sata had a Bachelor's degree in Political Science from Atlantic International University,{{Cite news |last=Chan |first=Stephen |date=2014-10-29 |title=Michael Sata obituary |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/29/michael-sata |access-date=2023-11-28 |issn=0261-3077}} an unaccredited distance learning university in Honolulu, Hawaii, that has widely been described as a diploma mill.

After Frederick Chiluba defeated Kaunda in 1991, Sata became one of Zambia's most instantly recognisable faces. Under the MMD, he served as minister for local government, labour and, briefly, health where, he stated that his "reforms brought sanity to the health system".{{Cite web|title=A Turmoiled History of Zambian Elections {{!}} One Young World|url=https://www.oneyoungworld.com/blog/turmoiled-history-zambian-elections|access-date=2021-05-20|website=www.oneyoungworld.com}}{{Cite news|date=2011-09-23|title=Michael Sata: Zambia's 'King Cobra' finally strikes|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-15034694|access-date=2021-05-20}}{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}

In 1995, he was appointed minister without portfolio, the party's national organising secretary during which his political style was described as "increasingly abrasive".{{Cite news|date=2001-12-18|title=Zambia's action man: Michael Sata|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1709632.stm|access-date=2021-05-20}}{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}

In 2001, President Chiluba nominated Levy Mwanawasa as the MMD's presidential candidate for the 2001 election. In frustration, Sata left the MMD and set up a new party, the Patriotic Front (PF). He contested the 2001 election but did not do well—his party only won one seat in parliament. Sata conceded defeat and continued to campaign

Sata contested the September 2006 presidential election as a populist championing the causes of the poor in the face of Mwanawasa's economic reform policies. While others on the slate of candidates contesting the election frequently resorted to personal attacks and insults, Sata's remarks were at times quite equally scathing. At one campaign event in particular, Sata was reported to have ripped apart a cabbage in front of his supporters. The cabbage was a reference to Mwanawasa's speech impediment, which was the result of an injury sustained in a 1992 car crash.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5384756.stm "Zambia campaign draws to a close"], BBC News, 27 September 2006. He has also accused Mwanawasa of "selling out" Zambia to international interests, and at one event, he referred to Hong Kong as a country and Taiwan as a sovereign state. In response, China threatened to cut off relations with Zambia if he was elected.[https://archive.today/20070311061320/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/39E0D6F6-444C-44D4-A45A-C6139DF257AA.htm "Tough election race in Zambia"], Al Jazeera, 30 September 2006.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5378726.stm "Profile: Zambia's 'King Cobra'"], BBC News, 29 September 2006. Sata's right-hand man in the campaign was Dr. Guy Scott, the Patriotic Front secretary general. Scott is a white Zambian politician. He served a number of ministerial positions during the Chiluba government.[http://www.times.co.zm/news/viewnews.cgi?category=5&id=1158558539 "Tilyenji comes to his father’s defense"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311161122/http://www.times.co.zm/news/viewnews.cgi?category=5&id=1158558539 |date=11 March 2007 }}, Times of Zambia. Sata also received the public backing of Chiluba.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5355394.stm "Vote out president, Chiluba says"], BBC News, 18 September 2006.

Initial results from the election gave Sata the lead, but further results put Mwanawasa in first place and pushed Sata into third place.[http://www.voanews.com/english/2006-10-01-voa20.cfm "Zambian President Takes Election Lead, Opposition Claims Irregularities"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011121049/http://www.voanews.com/english/2006-10-01-voa20.cfm |date=11 October 2006 }}, Voice of America, 1 October 2006. Interim results released after votes from 120 of 150 constituencies were counted put Mwanawasa on just over 42% of the vote; Hakainde Hichilema had 28%; and the Michael Sata had slipped to 27%. When opposition supporters heard that Sata had slipped from first to third place, riots erupted in Lusaka.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5396884.stm "Zambia vote count sparks violence"], BBC News, 1 October 2006. On 2 October, the Zambian Electoral Commission announced that Mwanawasa had officially won the election; final results put Sata in second place with about 29% of the vote.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/5400840.stm "Poll victory for Zambia president"], BBC News, 2 October 2006.{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070313002033/http://www.angus-reid.com/tracker/index.cfm?fuseaction=viewItem&itemID=12922 Zambia elections]}}, Angus Reid.

Sata was arrested in early December 2006, accused of making a false declaration of his assets when applying to run for president in August, along with other charges. He was questioned by police and released on bail. If convicted, he could have received a prison sentence of least two years.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6210468.stm "Zambia opposition leader arrested"], BBC News, 5 December 2006. As a convict, he would also be unable to hold public office. Sata said the charges were politically motivated, and in court he pleaded not guilty to them.Peter Clottey, [http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20061207231459/http://voanews.com/english/Africa/2006-12-07-voa3.cfm "Zambian Opposition Leader Pleads not Guilty to Charges"], Voice of America, 7 December 2006. On 14 December, the charges were dropped on the grounds that the declaration of assets was not made under oath.[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=84&art_id=iol1166100830175Z515 "Zambian court quashes charges against Sata"], AFP, 14 December 2006.

On 15 March 2007, Sata was deported from Malawi shortly after arrival. Sata said that he was only there to meet with the business community, and alleged that the Zambian government had effected the deportation by falsely claiming that Sata was in Malawi to assist that country's former president, Bakili Muluzi. The Zambian government denied this,Shapi Shacinda, [http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=68&art_id=nw20070317153421931C923373 "'Coup smear' blocks trip to Malawi"], Reuters (IOL), 17 March 2007. while the Malawian government gave no explanation for Sata's deportation. On 6 April, Sata's lawyer said that he had initiated a lawsuit against the Malawian government for violating his rights.[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=84&art_id=nw20070406104850670C306547 "Malawi violated my rights, says party leader"], AFP (IOL), 6 April 2007.{{clarify|date=January 2021}}

After losing his passport in London in late 2007, Sata was issued another; however, on 10 November 2007, Minister of Home Affairs Ronnie Shikapwasha announced that Sata's passport was withdrawn temporarily because he had obtained the new passport without following the necessary procedures and proving that he needed a new passport. Shikapwasha said that an investigation would follow, that Sata had been interrogated, and that he could face arrest.[http://www.mg.co.za/articlepage.aspx?area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__africa/&articleid=324584 "Zambia opposition leader's passport withdrawn"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124084756/http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=324584&area=%2Fbreaking_news%2Fbreaking_news__africa%2F |date=24 November 2007 }}, AFP (Mail & Guardian Online, South Africa), 11 November 2007.

Sata suffered a heart attack on 25 April 2008 and was evacuated to Milpark Hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa, where he was said to be in stable condition on 26 April.[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=3045&art_id=nw20080426102844410C150834 "Zambian opposition leader 'stable'"], Sapa (IOL), 26 April 2008. He reconciled with President Mwanawasa in May 2008.[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=84&art_id=nw20080825141241813C181250 "Zambian opposition leader, first lady clash"], AFP (IOL), 25 August 2008.

After Mwanawasa suffered a stroke and was hospitalised in France, Sata questioned the official claims about Mwanawasa's health on 15 July 2008, and he called for a team of doctors to be sent by the Cabinet to examine Mwanawasa; this team would then disclose Mwanawasa's actual condition.[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=84&art_id=nw20080715141234483C851530 "Is Mwanawasa fit to rule?"], Sapa-AFP (IOL), 15 July 2008. Mwanawasa died in office in August 2008. On 25 August, Sata attempted to attend funeral proceedings for Mwanawasa at Chipata in Eastern Province; however, Maureen Mwanawasa, Mwanawasa's widow, ordered Sata to leave, saying that he was politicising the event and that he had never reconciled with Mwanawasa's family. Sata, who was removed from the scene by security, said that he was only there to mourn Mwanawasa and that he had hoped to escort the body while it was taken to provincial capitals across Zambia; he maintained that his reconciliation with Mwanawasa himself was sufficient to justify his presence.[http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90855/6487131.html "Zambia's opposition leader ordered to leave late President's funeral proceedings"], Xinhua (People's Daily Online), 26 August 2008. He also said that Maureen Mwanawasa had acted inappropriately.

Sata was unanimously chosen as the PF's candidate for the presidential by-election at a meeting of its Central Committee on 30 August 2008. Accepting the nomination, he expressed the need "to scrub this country and wash it"; he also said that he would refrain from campaigning until after Mwanawasa's funeral.[https://web.archive.org/web/20121021145641/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-08/31/content_9743926.htm "Zambia's biggest opposition picks candidates for presidential by-elections"], Xinhua, 31 August 2008. Despite his April 2008 heart attack, Sata said that he was healthy and in good condition.[http://www.lusakatimes.com/?p=3672 "Sata demands polling date"], Lusaka Times, 5 September 2008.

Sata said that he would not accept a victory for Banda because there was "no way MMD can win", and he alleged that the Electoral Commission and the police were working together to rig the election.[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=68&art_id=nw20081030100458798C523073 "'There is no way MMD can win'"], Sapa-AFP (IOL), 30 October 2008. Although he held the lead in early vote counting, which reflected his strong support in urban areas, his lead grew smaller as votes from rural areas were counted. In the end, Banda overtook Sata, and final results on 2 November showed Banda with 40% of the vote against 38% for Sata.[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=84&art_id=nw20081102170239312C293933 "Zambia: Banda sworn in, riots spread"], Sapa-DPA (IOL), 2 November 2008. Sata subsequently stated that he had not been defeated and accused Banda of fraud.[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=68&art_id=nw20081104093152886C716933 "Sata: I have not lost this election"], Sapa-DPA (IOL), 4 November 2008.

{{main|2011 Zambian general election}}

Sata ran for President for a fourth time in the election held on 20 September 2011. In the early stages of the campaign he was more vitriolic in his anti-Chinese rhetoric, but he later toned down his rhetoric. Results showed him receiving about 43% of the vote against 36% for Banda, and Chief Justice Ernest Sakala accordingly declared that he had won the election in the early hours of 23 September. He was sworn in later in the day.{{cite web|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/metalsNews/idAFL5E7KN2JB20110923|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725211134/http://af.reuters.com/article/metalsNews/idAFL5E7KN2JB20110923|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-07-25|title=Zambia's Sata sworn in as new president}} He was said to have won because of the urban vote. Despite the toning down of his rhetoric, the investment climate in Zambia was considered uncertain in the wake of his victory.

On 8 September 2008, Sata claimed that he would protect Chinese investments{{clarify|date=September 2011}} if he was elected, abandoning the hostility towards Chinese investment that he had expressed during the 2006 presidential election campaign.Shapi Shacinda, [http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=84&art_id=nw20080908120911204C230040 "Sata warms to Chinese investment in Zambia"], Reuters, 8 September 2008.

During the 2006 election campaign he was reported to have said of Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe that "Mugabe hasn't done anything wrong. It is the imperialists, the capitalist-roaders, who say he is a villain."[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5387298.stm "Long queues in tight Zambian poll"], BBC News.

In 2008, he said that he would revoke licenses for foreign investors if they resisted his orders to give at least a 25% stake in their companies to Zambians.[http://www.news24.com/News24/Africa/News/0,,2-11-1447_2410432,00.html "Sata to help local investors"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016233650/http://www.news24.com/News24/Africa/News/0,,2-11-1447_2410432,00.html |date=16 October 2008 }}, News24.

At his inauguration as President of Zambia, Sata assured foreign investors that they were welcome in his country, Africa's biggest copper producer, but said they must improve conditions for their Zambian employees.[https://web.archive.org/web/20120522143846/http://blogs.voanews.com/breaking-news/2011/09/23/zambia-swears-in-opposition-leader-as-new-president-5/ "Zambia Swears in Opposition Leader as New President"], VOA News, 25 September 2011.

{{main|Death and state funeral of Michael Sata}}

Concerns about Sata's health grew during 2014 and some suggested that he was no longer really running the government due to his condition, although the government denied that. He stopped appearing in public, which seemed jarringly uncharacteristic for the notably extroverted and outspoken president. Observers thought he seemed unwell when he opened parliament on 19 September and over the course of the following month he failed to appear in public again. MMD leader Nevers Mumba alleged that the government was lying about Sata's health.[http://mg.co.za/article/2014-10-21-zambia-has-king-cobra-lost-his-bite "Zambia: Has 'King Cobra' lost his bite?"], Mail & Guardian, 17 October 2014. He also missed a speech at the general debate of the sixty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly amid rumours he had fallen ill at a New York City hotel.

On 19 October, he left the country for what was described as a medical check-up, leaving Edgar Lungu, the Minister of Defense, in charge of the country in his absence.[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29692576 "Zambian President Michael Sata goes for medical check-up"], BBC News, 20 October 2014.[http://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/5814/Party_rivalries_grow_as_Sata_ails "Party rivalries grow as Sata ails"], Africa Confidential, volume 55, number 21, 24 October 2014. Given the circumstances, including the sudden nature of the trip, Sata's absence from public view and the fact that the fiftieth anniversary of Zambian independence was only days away, many believed that Sata was very seriously ill.

Sata died in the late evening of 28 October at the King Edward VII's Hospital in London.{{cite web|url=http://zambiareports.com/2014/10/29/president-michael-sata-died/|title=President Michael Sata Has Died|author=Clement Malambo|publisher=Zambia Reports|date=29 October 2014}}[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-29813612 "Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London"], BBC News – Africa, 29 October 2014. He was receiving treatment for an undisclosed illness. Cabinet Secretary Roland Msiska issued a statement that he died late in the day. "As you are aware the president was receiving medical attention in London. The head of state passed on October 28. President Sata's demise is deeply regretted. The nation will be kept informed on burial arrangements." His wife, Christine Kaseba, and son Mulenga were with him at the time of his death.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/29/scott-president-interim-zambia-sata-death|title = Guy Scott takes interim role after Zambian president Sata's death| newspaper=The Guardian |date = 29 October 2014 | last1=Smith | first1=David }} He is the second President of Zambia to die in office, after Levy Mwanawasa's death only six years earlier in 2008.

His death triggered a presidential by-election in 2015. Vice President Guy Scott, who was named acting president in the interim, was ineligible to run as neither of his parents were born in Zambia.

• Sishuwa, Sishuwa (2024). Party Politics and Populism in Zambia: Michael Sata and Political Change, 1955–2014. Boydell & Brewer.

{{reflist}}

• [http://www.statehouse.gov.zm/ Presidency of Zambia (State House)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050619081520/http://www.statehouse.gov.zm/ |date=19 June 2005 }} Official Website
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20061019171324/http://www.pf.com.zm/ Patriotic Front website]
• [http://www.statehouse.gov.zm/images/stories/zambia%20chenda-%20sata%20from%20uk.jpg Photo of Sata]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• [http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2011-10-31-zambian-president-our-wildlife-is-fair-game/#.UwENTPmSwhU]
• [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/michael-sata-toughtalking-politician-who-rose-through-the-ranks-to-become-the-fifth-president-of-the-independent-zambia-9826863.html Obituary] in The Independent by Marcus Williamson
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20180317035619/http://www.sattakeng.com/2018/02/satta-king-sattaking-delhi-satta.html Sattaking]

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Category:1937 births

Category:2014 deaths

Category:Members of the National Assembly of Zambia

Category:Movement for Multi-Party Democracy politicians

Category:Patriotic Front (Zambia) politicians

Category:People from Mpika District

Category:Zambian Roman Catholics

Category:Presidents of Zambia

Category:United National Independence Party politicians

Category:Zambian trade unionists

Category:Local government ministers of Zambia

Category:Labour and social security ministers of Zambia

Category:Health ministers of Zambia

Category:Left-wing populists

Category:National presidents who died in office