Mithu Sanyal

{{Short description|German cultural studies scholar, journalist, and author}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}

Mithu Melanie Sanyal{{Cite web |title=Dr. Mithu Melanie Sanyal |url=https://speakerinnen.org/de/profiles/dr-mithu-melanie-sanyal |access-date=24 February 2025 |website=Speakerinnen |language=de}} (born 1971 in Düsseldorf, Germany[https://web.archive.org/web/20170301070235/http://www.sanyal.de/dr-mithu-sanyal/ "Dr. Mithu Sanyal"]. Archived at the Internet Archive 1 March 2017.), also known as Mithu M. Sanyal, is a German academic in cultural studies, a journalist and author. Her main focuses are on feminism, racism, pop culture and postcolonialism.

{{Infobox person

| name = Mithu Sanyal

| image = Mithu Sanyal (14418908090).jpg

| alt =

| caption = Sanyal in 2014

| birth_name = Mithu Melanie Sanyal

| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1971}}

| birth_place = Düsseldorf, Germany

| death_date =

| death_place =

| nationality =

| other_names = Mithu M. Sanyal

| occupation = Academic, journalist, author

| years_active =

| known_for =

| notable_works = Identitti

| education = Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf

| children = 2

}}

Life and work

Mithu Sanyal was born Düsseldorf in 1971 to a Polish-born mother and an Indian father. Her mother's parents moved to Duisburg to work as miners.{{Cite web |last=Reichwein |first=Marc |date=13 September 2023 |title="In den 1980ern wurden Rassismus und Sexismus noch ungeniert ausgelebt" |url=https://www.welt.de/kultur/literarischewelt/article246711734/Mithu-Sanyal-In-den-80ern-wurden-Rassismus-und-Sexismus-ungeniert-ausgelebt.html |access-date=18 December 2024 |website=Welt |language=de}} She studied German and English literary studies at the Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, where she went on to do a doctor's thesis in the cultural history of female genitalia. In 2009, she published a book called Vulva. Die Enthüllung des unsichtbaren Geschlechts, which translates to Vulva. The uncovering of the invisible sex and is based on her dissertation.

Since 1996, Sanyal has been an author for radio programmes and audio books for the WDR, a public broadcasting company. Among others, she has also been writing for the NDR, BR, Frankfurter Rundschau, taz, junge Welt and the Federal Agency for Civic Education.[https://www.bpb.de/geschichte/deutsche-geschichte/frauenwahlrecht/279361/ist-nun-gleichberechtigung Die erste Kanzlerin. Ist nun Gleichberechtigung?, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, 12 November 2018] retrieved 28 July 2020. Ever since her second book was published, Rape. From Lucretia to #MeToo, Sanyal has continually been invited to speak publicly on panels, readings and TV shows.[http://fudder.de/mithu-sanyal-spricht-heute-ueber-die-tiefengrammatik-von-sexueller-gewalt--168288590.html Kommunales Kino Freiburg: Mithu Sanyal spricht heute über die Tiefengrammatik von sexueller Gewalt, 12 March 2019][https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/vorwuerfe-gegen-asia-argento-eine-person-kann-nicht-eine.1013.de.html?dram:article_id=426285 Vorwürfe gegen Asia Argento: "Eine Person kann nicht eine Bewegung diskreditieren". Mithu Sanyal im Gespräch mit Marietta Schwarz, Deutschlandfunk Kultur, 23 August 2018][https://www.frauenrat.de/mithu-m-sanyal/ Deutscher Frauenrat: Mithu M. Sanyal, Video 16 January 2019]; [https://www1.wdr.de/mediathek/audio/wdr3/wdr3-kultur-am-mittag/audio-eure-heimat-ist-unser-albtraum----gespraech-mit-mithu-sanyal-100.html WDR Hörfunk: "Eure Heimat ist unser Albtraum", Gespräch mit Mithu Sanyal, WDR 3 Kultur am Mittag, 21 February 2019]; [https://lila-podcast.de/tag/mithu-sanyal/ Der Lila Podcast. Mehrere Gesprächsrunden mit Mithu Sanyal, 2017–2019]; [https://www.gwi-boell.de/de/person/dr-mithu-m-sanyal Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, Gunda Werner Institut: Alle Beiträge von Mithu Sanyal, 2017–2018]; [http://litlog.uni-goettingen.de/potente-dialektik/ Literarisches Zentrum Göttingen in Kooperation mit der 10th European Feminist Research Conference 2018 und dem Fachbereich Kultur der Stadt Göttingen: Mithu Sanyal im Gespräch mit Svenja Flaßpöhler, 2018] The book Rape, the original being German, as well as Vulva, have been translated into several different languages.{{cite web|access-date=2021-04-30|language=de-DE|title=Vergewaltigung|url=https://edition-nautilus.de/programm/vergewaltigung/|website=EDITION NAUTILUS}}

Sanyal was somewhat critical of the #metoo movement, arguing that accusations of sexual assault or harassment were irreversibly stigmatizing to the accused.{{citation|access-date=2019-03-29|author=Mithu Sanyal, Marie Albrecht|date=13 February 2017|periodical=Die Tageszeitung: Taz|title=Beschreibung sexualisierter Gewalt: Du Opfer!|url=https://taz.de/Beschreibung-sexualisierter-Gewalt/!5379541/}} Feminist media in Germany condemned this statement as a trivialisation of rape and sexual violence.{{cite web|access-date=2019-03-29|date=18 February 2017|title=Offener Brief gegen die sprachliche Verharmlosung sexueller Gewalt|url=https://diestoerenfriedas.de/offener-brief-gegen-die-sprachliche-verharmlosung-sexueller-gewalt/|website=Die Störenfriedas}} {{cite web|access-date=2019-03-29|date=21 February 2017|title=Opfer sollen nicht mehr Opfer heißen|url=https://www.emma.de/artikel/opfer-sollen-nicht-mehr-opfer-heissen-334215|website=EMMA}} Right-wing blogs and websites misrepresented Sanyal's argument as resulting from her Indian heritage, with some falsely claiming that rape was legal in India.{{cite web|access-date=2019-03-29|date=22 February 2017|title=Gutmenschin meint Vergewaltigungs-Opfer sollten mehr Erlebende sein|url=https://blog.halle-leaks.de/2017/02/gutmenschin-meint-vergewaltigungs-opfer-sollten-mehr-erlebende-sein/|website=halle-leaks.de (Blog)}}{{cite web|access-date=2019-03-29|author=David Berger|date=23 February 2017|title=Unglaublich: Opfer von Vergewaltigung sollen ab jetzt "Erlebende" heißen|url=https://philosophia-perennis.com/2017/02/23/mithu-sanyal/|website=Philosophia Perennis}}

On 17 February 2017, an article by Sanyal and the journalist Marie Albrecht published by German newspaper Die Tageszeitung sparked a controversy. Having conducted interviews with people who had experienced sexual violence, they suggested an alternative, additional term for self-identification of "Opfer", "victims", namely "Erlebende sexualisierter Gewalt", which translates to "people experiencing sexual violence". A right-wing German blog called Politically Incorrect published Sanyal's private e-mail address whereupon she received rape and death threats.{{citation|access-date=2019-03-29|author=Katrin Gottschalk|date=25 February 2017|periodical=Die Tageszeitung: Taz|title=Beschreibung sexualisierter Gewalt: Debatte statt Hetze|url=https://taz.de/Beschreibung-sexualisierter-Gewalt/!5387275/}} Her article was widely discussed in mainstream media{{citation|access-date=2019-03-29|author=Marion Detjen|date=27 February 2017|location=Hamburg|periodical=Die Zeit|title=Vergewaltigung: Gewalt ohne Namen|url=https://www.zeit.de/kultur/2017-02/vergewaltigung-opfer-sexuelle-gewalt-opferbegriff-erlebnis-10nach8}} {{citation|access-date=2019-03-29|author=Ursula Scheer|date=24 February 2017|periodical=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|title=Verbrechen und Sprache: Erlebnis Vergewaltigung?|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/opfer-von-vergewaltigung-als-erlebende-bezeichnen-14892468.html}} and even the German Feminist linguist Luise F. Pusch commented upon it in her blog.[https://www.fembio.org/biographie.php/frau/comments/vergewaltigung-als-erlebnis/ Vergewaltigung als Erlebnis?], Luise F. Pusch, Fembio Blog, 25 February 2017. Hundreds of people also wrote e-mails to Sanyal showing her solidarity.{{cite web|access-date=2019-03-29|author=Mascha Drost|date=3 March 2017|title=Kulturwissenschaftlerin Mithu Sanyal – "Die Supermarkt-Verkäuferin fühlt sich vom Mainstream-Feminismus nicht repräsentiert"|url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/kulturwissenschaftlerin-mithu-sanyal-die-supermarkt.691.de.html?dram:article_id=380448|website=Deutschlandfunk.de}} In July 2019, the investigative journalism newsroom Correctiv published a statement about what happened titled No, Mithu Sanyal did not tell victims that a rape could be an experience (original: Nein, Mithu Sanyal hat Opfern nicht geraten, eine Vergewaltigung könne "auch Erleben sein").{{cite web|access-date=2021-02-22|author=Alice Echtermann|date=18 July 2019|publisher=Correctiv|title=Nein, Mithu Sanyal hat Opfern nicht geraten, eine Vergewaltigung könne "auch Erleben sein"|url=https://correctiv.org/faktencheck/gesellschaft/2019/07/18/nein-mithu-sanyal-hat-opfern-nicht-geraten-eine-vergewaltigung-koenne-auch-erleben-sein}}

In 2021, Sanyal published her first novel, Identitti. It is about a professor of postcolonial theory, who named herself after the Hindu goddess Saraswati and falsely claims to be of Indian descent. When she turns out to be German and to have darkened her skin, the following scandal is told from the perspective of one of her students, Nivedita, who like Sanyal has a Polish mother and an Indian father. Using the pseudonym Identitti, Nivedita is the author of a blog and several social media accounts, on which she comments on topics such as racism, migration, sexual identity and orientation as well as identity politics. The character Saraswati alludes to the case of Rachel Dolezal. The novel has received mostly positive reviews.{{Cite web |last=Kniebe |first=Tobias |date=17 February 2021 |title="Identitti", Roman von Mithu Sanyal: Chaos der Identitäten |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/mithu-sanyal-identitti-romandebuet-1.5209068 |access-date=29 April 2021 |website=Süddeutsche Zeitung |language=de}}{{cite web |last=Kramatschek |first=Claudia |date=13 February 2021 |title=Mithu Sanyal: "Identitti" – Debatte im Schleudergang |url=https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/mithu-sanyal-identitti-debatte-im-schleudergang.950.de.html?dram:article_id=492428 |access-date=2021-04-29 |website=Deutschlandfunk Kultur |language=de}}{{cite web |author=Düker |first=Ronald |date=13 February 2021 |title="Identitti": "Literatur muss freundlich sein" |url=https://www.zeit.de/2021/07/identitti-mithu-sanyal-roman-identitaetspolitik-rassismus |access-date=2021-04-29 |website=Die Zeit |language=de}}

In October 2021, Sanyal was admitted to the PEN Centre Germany.{{cite web|access-date=2022-02-11|date=28 October 2021|title=PEN nimmt neue Mitglieder auf, darunter Mithu Sanyal, Sharon Dodua Otoo, Jo Lendle und Benedict Wells|url=https://www.pen-deutschland.de/de/2021/10/28/pen-nimmt-neue-mitglieder-auf-darunter-mithu-sanyal-sharon-dodua-otoo-jo-lendle-und-benedict-wells/|website=PEN-Zentrum Deutschland}} When the organisation split due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Sanyal was among the members leaving the association and was elected to be on the board of the newly founded PEN Berlin.{{cite news|access-date=2022-06-14|author=Andreas Platthaus|date=10 June 2022|newspaper=FAZ.NET|title=Nach Abspaltung: Wie begonnen, so zerronnen|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/buecher/themen/gruendung-von-pen-berlin-nach-eklat-um-deniz-yuecel-18094474.html}}

Sanyal's 2024 novel, Antichristie, was longlisted for the German Book Prize.{{Cite web |date=20 August 2024 |title=Die 20 nominierten Romane stehen fest |url=https://www.deutscher-buchpreis.de/news/eintrag/die-20-nominierten-romane-stehen-fest/ |website=Deutscher Buchpreis |language=de}}

Sanyal and her husband live in Düsseldorf-Oberbilk, Germany. They have two children,{{cite web |author= |date=19 November 2016 |title=Mithu M. Sanyal: "Vergewaltigung ist kein Frauenthema" |url=https://rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/duesseldorf/vergewaltigung-ist-kein-frauenthema_aid-21499645 |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=Rheinische Post |language=de}} a son and a daughter.{{Cite web |date=15 June 2018 |title=Der ewig postpubertäreTyp |url=https://www.ruprecht.de/2018/06/15/der-ewig-postpubertaeretyp/ |website=ruprecht |language=de}} She told the magazine Stern that she has had several abortions.{{Cite web |date=7 June 2021 |title=Mithu Sanyal: "Zu meinem Leben gehören Kinder, aber auch Abtreibungen" |url=https://www.stern.de/gesellschaft/protokoll-einer-abtreibung---es-gibt-oft-nur-zwei-standpunkte--30551318.html |website=Stern |language=de}}

Awards

Among other awards, Sanyal has received the Dietrich-Oppenberg-Medienpreis by the foundation Stiftung Lesen three times for her radio features about cultural history. Her novel Identitti was shortlisted for the German Book Prize in 2021.

Publications

Books published in English

  • Rape. From Lucretia to #MeToo, Verso Books, Brooklyn (NY) / London, 2019, ISBN 978-1-78663-750-5 (German original: Vergewaltigung. Aspekte eines Verbrechens.).[https://www.versobooks.com/books/2922-rape Rape. From Lucretia to #MeToo, by Mithu Sanyal, Verso Books, 2019]
  • Identitti, Astra Publishing House, 2022, {{ISBN|978-1-6626-0130-9}}.

Books in German

  • Vergewaltigung. Aspekte eines Verbrechens. Edition Nautilus, Hamburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-96054-023-6.Christiane Florin: [https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/narrative-der-gewalt-ueber-die-kulturgeschichte-der.1310.de.html?dram:article_id=371662 Narrative der Gewalt: Über die Kulturgeschichte der Vergewaltigung.] In: deutschlandfunk.de, Andruck – Das Magazin für Politische Literatur. 21 November 2016. (24 November 2016)
  • Vulva – die Enthüllung des unsichtbaren Geschlechts. Verlag Klaus Wagenbach, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-8031-3629-9.
  • co-authored by Jasna Strick, Nicole von Horst and Yasmina Banaszczuk: "Ich bin kein Sexist, aber ...". Sexismus erlebt, erklärt und wie wir ihn beenden. Orlanda Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-944666-00-6.
  • Identitti. Roman. Carl Hanser Verlag, München 2021, ISBN 978-3-446-26921-7.
  • Über Emily Brontë. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 2022, ISBN 978-3-462-00366-6.
  • Antichristie. Roman. Carl Hanser, München 2024, ISBN 978-3-446-28076-2

Audio books

  • Sternenkinder sterben schöner, later called Aliens sind auch nur Menschen, Director: Leonhard Koppelmann (WDR 2009){{cite web|access-date=2023-03-16|author=WDR|date=13 March 2023|language=de|title=Hörspiel "Aliens sind auch nur Menschen" von Mithu Sanyal|url=https://www1.wdr.de/radio/1live/podcast/krimi/hoerspiel-verschwoerung-ufo-krimi-100.html}}
  • LoveArtLab Rules, Director: Ulrich Bassenge (WDR 2010)
  • Post Porn Panik, Director: Leonhard Koppelmann (WDR 2012){{cite web|access-date=2023-02-18|language=de|title=Post Porn Panik – Detektivin trifft auf Sexualtherapeutin|url=https://www.ardaudiothek.de/episode/wdr-3-hoerspiel/post-porn-panik-detektivin-trifft-auf-sexualtherapeutin/wdr-3/72348388/}}
  • Gott ist tot. Wirklich. Director: Martin Zylka, 55 Min. (WDR 2015){{cite web|access-date=2023-02-18|language=de|title=Gott ist tot – wirklich! – Der Messias ist zurück. Oder?|url=https://www.ardaudiothek.de/episode/wdr-3-hoerspiel/gott-ist-tot-wirklich-der-messias-ist-zurueck-oder/wdr-3/88327576/}}
  • Identitti. Director: Eva Solloch, 52 Min. (WDR 2022){{cite web|access-date=2023-06-14|language=de|title=Identitti (1/2): Skandal um gefakte PoC-Identität|url=https://www.ardaudiothek.de/episode/wdr-3-hoerspiel/identitti-1-2-skandal-um-gefakte-poc-identitaet/wdr-3/10523259/}}{{cite web|access-date=2023-06-14|language=de|title=Identitti (2/2): Fake-PoC möchte Identität frei wählen|url=https://www.ardaudiothek.de/episode/wdr-3-hoerspiel/identitti-2-2-fake-poc-moechte-identitaet-frei-waehlen/wdr-3/10523329/}}

Articles in newspapers, journals and anthologies

See also

References