Modern Arabic mathematical notation

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| style="font-size:63%"|Arabic-Indic (Eastern Arabic)

| {{lang|ar|٠|italic=no}}

| {{lang|ar|٥|italic=no}}

| style="font-size:63%"| Perso-Arabic variant

| {{lang|fa|۰|italic=no}}

| {{lang|fa|۵|italic=no}}

| style="font-size:63%"| Urdu variant

| {{Urdu numeral|0|23}}

| {{Urdu numeral|1|23}}

| {{Urdu numeral|2|23}}

| {{Urdu numeral|3|23}}

| {{Urdu numeral|4|23}}

| {{Urdu numeral|5|23}}

| {{Urdu numeral|6|23}}

| {{Urdu numeral|7|23}}

| {{Urdu numeral|8|23}}

| {{Urdu numeral|9|23}}

| colspan=3 |Image:Difference between arabic and persian maths limit.PNG

| {{math| {{lang|rtl=yes|ar-Zmth|س^٤ {{underset| س←∞‏ |نهــــــــــــا}} }} }}{{ref|a|[a]}}

| {{math| {{lang|rtl=yes|fa-Zmth|س^۴ {{underset| س←∞‏ | حــــــــــــد }} }} }}{{ref|b|[b]}}

| colspan=3 |Image:Difference between arabic mathematical sum forms.PNG

| {{math|1={{lang|rtl=yes|ar-Zmth|2=^٣‭√‬{{overline|س}} {{underoverset| مجــــــــــــ | ں | س{{=}}٠ }} }}}}{{ref|c|[c]}}

| {{math|1={{lang|rtl=yes|ar-Zmth|2=‪√³‬{{overline|س}} {{underoverset|1=‭∑‬ |2=ں |3= س{{=}}0 }} }}}}

| 12px

| 20px

| 25px

|15px

|25px

| $e$

|15px

| Initial form of the Arabic letter {{lang|ar| ه }} hāʾ. Both Latin letter e and Arabic letter {{lang|ar| ه }} hāʾ are descendants of Phoenician letter File:Phoenician_he.svg hē.

| $i$

| 20px

| From {{lang|ar| ت }} tāʾ, which is in turn derived from the first letter of the second word of {{lang|ar| وحدة تخيلية }} waḥdaẗun taḫīliyya "imaginary unit"

| $\backslash pi$

|20px

| From {{lang|ar| ط }} ṭāʾ; also $\backslash pi$ in some regions

| $r$

|20px

| From {{lang|ar| ن }} nūn followed by a dotless {{lang|ar| ق }} qāf, which is in turn derived from {{lang|ar| نصف القطر }} nuṣfu l-quṭr "radius"

| kg

|25px

| From {{lang|ar| كجم }} kāf-jīm-mīm. In some regions alternative symbols like 20px ({{math|{{lang|ar| كغ }}}} kāf-ġayn) or 25px ({{math|{{lang|ar| كلغ }}}} kāf-lām-ġayn) are used. All three abbreviations are derived from {{lang|ar| كيلوغرام }} kīlūġrām "kilogram" and its variant spellings.

| g

|20px

| From {{lang|ar| جم }} jīm-mīm, which is in turn derived from {{lang|ar| جرام }} jrām, a variant spelling of {{lang|ar| غرام }} ġrām "gram"

| m

| 12px

| From {{lang|ar| م }} mīm, which is in turn derived from {{lang|ar| متر }} mitr "metre"

| cm

| 20px

| From {{lang|ar| سم }} sīn-mīm, which is in turn derived from {{lang|ar| سنتيمتر }} "centimetre"

| mm

| 20px

| From {{lang|ar| مم }} mīm-mīm, which is in turn derived from {{lang|ar| مليمتر }} millīmitr "millimetre"

| km

| 25px

| From {{lang|ar| كم }} kāf-mīm; also 30px ({{math|{{lang|ar| كلم }}}} kāf-lām-mīm) in some regions; both are derived from {{lang|ar|كيلومتر}} kīlūmitr "kilometre".

| s

| 20px

| From {{lang|ar| ث }} ṯāʾ, which is in turn derived from {{lang|ar| ثانية }} ṯāniya "second"

| min

| 10px

| From {{lang|ar| د }} dālʾ, which is in turn derived from {{lang|ar| دقيقة }} daqīqa "minute"; also 20px ({{math|{{lang|ar| ٯ }}}}, i.e. dotless {{lang|ar| ق }} qāf) in some regions

| h

|25px

| From {{lang|ar| س }} sīnʾ, which is in turn derived from {{lang|ar| ساعة }} sāʿa "hour"

| km/h

| 40px

| From the symbols for kilometre and hour

| °C

| 30px

| From {{lang|ar| س }} sīn, which is in turn derived from the second word of {{lang|ar| درجة سيلسيوس }} darajat sīlsīūs "degree Celsius"; also 20px ({{math|{{lang|ar| °م }}}}) from {{lang|ar| م }} mīmʾ, which is in turn derived from the first letter of the third word of {{lang|ar| درجة حرارة مئوية }} "degree centigrade"

| °F

|25px

| From {{lang|ar| ف }} fāʾ, which is in turn derived from the second word of {{lang|ar| درجة فهرنهايت }} darajat fahranhāyt "degree Fahrenheit"

| mmHg

| 35px

| From {{lang|ar| مم‌ز }} mīm-mīm zayn, which is in turn derived from the initial letters of the words {{lang|ar| مليمتر زئبق }} "millimetres of mercury"

| Å

| 17px

| From {{lang|ar| أْ }} ʾalif with hamzah and ring above, which is in turn derived from the first letter of "Ångström", variously spelled {{lang|ar| أنغستروم }} or {{lang|ar| أنجستروم }}

| $\backslash mathbb\{N\}$

| 22px

| From {{lang|ar| ط }} ṭāʾ, which is in turn derived from the first letter of the second word of {{lang|ar| عدد طبيعي }}ʿadadun ṭabīʿiyyun "natural number"

| $\backslash mathbb\{Z\}$

| 30px

| From {{lang|ar| ص }} ṣād, which is in turn derived from the first letter of the second word of {{lang|ar| عدد صحيح }} ʿadadun ṣaḥīḥun "integer"

| $\backslash mathbb\{Q\}$

| 22px

| From {{lang|ar| ن }} nūn, which is in turn derived from the first letter of {{lang|ar| نسبة }} nisba "ratio"

| $\backslash mathbb\{R\}$

| 22px

| From {{lang|ar| ح }} ḥāʾ, which is in turn derived from the first letter of the second word of {{lang|ar| عدد حقيقي }} ʿadadun ḥaqīqiyyun "real number"

| $\backslash mathbb\{I\}$

| 25px

| From {{lang|ar| ت }} tāʾ, which is in turn derived from the first letter of the second word of {{lang|ar| عدد تخيلي }} ʿadadun taḫīliyyun "imaginary number"

| $\backslash mathbb\{C\}$

| 22px

| From {{lang|ar| م }} mīm, which is in turn derived from the first letter of the second word of {{lang|ar| عدد مركب }} ʿadadun murakkabun "complex number"

| $\backslash varnothing$

| $\backslash varnothing$

|

| $\backslash in$

| $\backslash ni$

| A mirrored ∈

| $\backslash subset$

| $\backslash supset$

| A mirrored ⊂

| $\backslash supset$

| $\backslash subset$

| A mirrored ⊃

| $\backslash mathbf\{S\}$

| 25px

| From {{lang|ar| ش }} šīn, which is in turn derived from the first letter of the second word of {{lang|ar| مجموعة شاملة }} majmūʿatun šāmila "universal set"

! Description

! Latin/Greek

! colspan=2 | Arabic

! Notes

| %

| 25px

| e.g. 100% "{{lang|ar| ٪١٠٠ }}"

| ‰

| 25px

| {{math| {{lang|ar| ؊ }} }} is an Arabic equivalent of the per ten thousand sign ‱.

| $\backslash propto$

| 25px

| A mirrored ∝

| $\backslash sqrt[n]\{\backslash ,\backslash ,\backslash ,\}$

| 50px

| {{lang|ar| ں }} is a dotless {{lang|ar| ن }} nūn while √ is a mirrored radical sign √

| $\backslash log$

| 25px

| From {{lang|ar| لو }} lām-wāw, which is in turn derived from لوغاريتم {{Transliteration|ar|lūġārītm}} "logarithm"

| $\backslash log\_b$

| 40px

|

| $\backslash ln$

| 40px

| From the symbols of logarithm and Euler's number

| $\backslash sum$

| 100px

| {{lang|ar|مجـــ}} mīm-medial form of jīm is derived from the first two letters of {{lang|ar| مجموع }} majmūʿ "sum"; also 20px (∑, a mirrored summation sign ∑) in some regions

| $\backslash prod$

|100px

| From {{lang|ar| جذ }} jīm-ḏāl. The Arabic word for "product" is جداء jadāʾun. Also $\backslash prod$ in some regions.

| $n!$

| 30px

| {{math| {{lang|ar|2=ں}} }}

| Also 30px ({{math| {{lang|ar|ں!}} }}) in some regions

| $^n\backslash mathbf\{P\}\_r$

| 50px

| Also 75px ({{math| {{lang|ar| ل(ں، ر) }} }}) is used in some regions as $\backslash mathbf\{P\}(n,r)$

| $^n\backslash mathbf\{C\}\_k$

| 50px

| Also 75px ({{math| {{lang|ar| ٯ(ں، ك) }} }}) is used in some regions as $\backslash mathbf\{C\}(n,k)$ and 40px ({{math|{{ldelim|a=round|b=1}}{{su|lh=1.8|va=middle|p=ں|b=ك}}{{rdelim|a=round|b=1}}}} ) as the binomial coefficient $n\; \backslash choose\; k$

| $\backslash sin$

| 20px

| from {{lang|ar|حاء}} ḥāʾ (i.e. dotless {{lang|ar|ج}} jīm)-ʾalif; also 30px ({{math|{{lang|ar|جب}}}} jīm-bāʾ) is used in some regions (e.g. Syria); Arabic for "sine" is {{lang|ar| جيب }} jayb

| $\backslash cos$

| 25px

| from {{lang|ar| حتا }} ḥāʾ (i.e. dotless {{lang|ar| ج }} jīm)-tāʾ-ʾalif; also 30px ({{math|{{lang|ar|تجب}}}} tāʾ-jīm-bāʾ) is used in some regions (e.g. Syria); Arabic for "cosine" is {{lang|ar| جيب تمام }}

| $\backslash tan$

| 25px

| from {{lang|ar| طا }} ṭāʾ (i.e. dotless {{lang|ar| ظ }} ẓāʾ)-ʾalif; also 30px ({{math|{{lang|ar|ظل}}}} ẓāʾ-lām) is used in some regions (e.g. Syria); Arabic for "tangent" is {{lang|ar| ظل }} ẓill

| $\backslash cot$

| 25px

| from {{lang|ar| طتا }} ṭāʾ (i.e. dotless {{lang|ar| ظ }} ẓāʾ)-tāʾ-ʾalif; also 30px ({{math|{{lang|ar|تظل}}}} tāʾ-ẓāʾ-lām) is used in some regions (e.g. Syria); Arabic for "cotangent" is {{lang|ar| ظل تمام }}

| $\backslash sec$

| 18px

| from {{lang|ar| ٯا }} dotless {{lang|ar| ق }} qāf-ʾalif; Arabic for "secant" is {{lang|ar| قاطع }}

| $\backslash csc$

| 25px

| from {{lang|ar| ٯتا }} dotless {{lang|ar| ق }} qāf-tāʾ-ʾalif; Arabic for "cosecant" is {{lang|ar| قاطع تمام }}

| colspan=7 | Image:Arabic mathematical hf.PNG

| colspan=7 | Image:Arabic mathematical inverse tf.PNG

| colspan=7 | Image:Arabic mathematical inverse hf.PNG

| $\backslash lim$

| 75px

| {{lang|ar-Zmth| نهــــا }} nūn-hāʾ-ʾalif is derived from the first three letters of Arabic {{lang|ar| نهاية }} nihāya "limit"

| $\backslash mathbf\{f\}(x)$

| 45px

| {{lang|ar-Zmth| د }} dāl is derived from the first letter of {{lang|ar| دالة }} "function". Also called {{lang|ar| تابع}}, {{lang|ar| تا }} for short, in some regions.

| $\backslash mathbf\{f\text{'}\}(x),\; \backslash dfrac\{dy\}\{dx\}\; ,\; \backslash dfrac\{d^2y\}\{dx^2\}\; ,\; \backslash dfrac\{\backslash partial\; \{y\}\}\{\backslash partial\{x\}\}$

| 250px

| ‵ is a mirrored prime ′ while ، is an Arabic comma. The {{math|∂}} signs should be mirrored: ∂.

| $\backslash int\{\}\; ,\; \backslash iint\{\}\; ,\backslash iiint\{\},\; \backslash oint\{\}$

| 200px

| Mirrored ∫, ∬, ∭ and ∮

! Latin/Greek

! Arabic

| 400px