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Mohammed Badie

{{Short description|Egyptian politician}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Mohammed Badie
{{lang|ar|محمد بديع}}

| image = Mohammed_Badiea.jpg

| caption = Badie in 2011

| office = 8th General Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt

| president =

| term_start = 16 January 2010

| term_end = 3 July 2013

| predecessor = Mohammed Mahdi Akef

| successor =

| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|8|7|df=y}}

| birth_place = El Mahalla El Kubra, Egypt

| death_date =

| death_place =

| nationality = Egyptian

| otherparty =

| spouse =

| children = Ammar
and three others

| alma_mater = Cairo University

}}

Mohammed Badie ({{langx|ar|محمد بديع}} {{transliteration|ar|DIN|Muḥammad Badīʿ}}, {{IPA|arz|mæˈħæmmæd bæˈdiːʕ|IPA}}; born 7 August 1943) is the eighth Supreme Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood.{{cite news |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/muslim-brotherhood-decision-participate-friday-protest-preserve-unity |title=Muslim Brotherhood: Decision to participate in Friday protest is to preserve unity |work=Egypt Independent |date=9 October 2010 |access-date=9 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228101855/http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/muslim-brotherhood-decision-participate-friday-protest-preserve-unity |archive-date=28 December 2013 |url-status=live }}

He has been heading the Egyptian branch of the international Muslim Brotherhood organization since 2010. Before becoming the general guide, Badie had been a member of the group's governing council, the Guidance Bureau, since 1996.

He was arrested by the Egyptian authorities on 20 August 2013, and Dr. Mahmoud Ezzat became the acting general guide of the Muslim Brotherhood.{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-egypt-muslim-brotherhoods-spiritual-leader-arrested-20130820,0,7835837.story |title=Egypt arrests Muslim Brotherhood leader |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=20 August 2013 |access-date=20 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229130854/http://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-egypt-muslim-brotherhoods-spiritual-leader-arrested-20130820,0,7835837.story |archive-date=29 December 2013 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web|title=Muslim Brotherhood appoints Mahmoud Ezzat as interim leader|url=https://tass.com/middle-east-and-north-africa/699284|access-date=2020-10-12|website=TASS}} Then after Dr. Mahmoud Ezzat was arrested on 28 August 2020, Ibrahim Munir became the acting general guide of the Muslim Brotherhood.{{Cite web |date=2020-09-15 |title=Media Spokesman: "Ibrahim Mounir," the first responsible for managing the MB and the acting guide |url=https://ikhwanonline.com/article/241386 |website=ikhwanonline.com}}{{Cite web |title=Muslim Brotherhood appoints acting guide after arrest of leader - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2020/09/egypt-arrest-leader-muslim-brotherhood-successor.html |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=www.al-monitor.com |date=18 September 2020 |language=en}} On 13 October 2021, the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood Consultative Assembly (Shoura) made a decision to withdraw confidence from Ibrahim Munir and relieve him of his responsibility in the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt.{{Cite web |date=2021-10-13 |title=A statement from the Muslim Brotherhood regarding the decisions of the General Shura Council |url=https://www.ikhwanonline.com/article/250233/ }}{{Cite web |title=اللجنة القائمة بعمل المرشد العام: مجلس الشورى هو السلطة العليا للجماعة |url=https://alamatonline.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%b4%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d8%b3/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=علامات أونلاين |language=ar}} The assembly decided to assign an acting committee for general guide role and announced that in an official statement on 13 November 2021,{{Cite web |date=2021-11-13 |title=The Shura Council of Muslim Brotherhood decisions |url=https://ikhwanonline.com/article/250958 |website=www.ikhwanonline.com}}{{Cite web |last=نيوز |first=وطن |date=2021-12-17 |title=الإخوان في بيان .. لجنة للقيام بمهام المرشد لمدة 6 أشهر والطلاب لممثل رسمي • 12 أبريل, 2023 |url=https://w6nnews.com/news/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%85%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=w6nnews.com |language=ar}} and later announced Dr. Mostafa Tolba as the committee's representative on 17 December 2021.{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=An important statement from the General Shura Council on the acting committee of the Brotherhood's General Guide |url=https://ikhwanonline.com/article/251767 |website=ikhwanonline.com}} On 16 November 2022, the Assembly (Shoura) made a new decision to appoint Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Hussein as the acting general guide of the Muslim Brotherhood according to the general regulation, and Dr. Mostafa Tolba announced the decision by himself.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-16 |title=An Important Statement from the General Shura Council of the Muslim Brotherhood |url=https://www.ikhwanonline.com/article/256286 |website=www.ikhwanonline.com}}{{Citation |title=كلمة هامة من د. مصطفى طُلبة - الممثل الرسمي للجنة القائمة بعمل المرشد العام | date=16 November 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IED0gOjEG5A |access-date=2023-04-12 |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=الإخوان المسلمون : مجلس الشورى العام يكلف د محمود حسين قائما بالأعمال |url=https://www.fj-p.com/343870/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%8a%d9%83/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=بوابة الحرية والعدالة |date=16 November 2022 |language=ar}}

On 28 April 2014, after an eight-minute trial{{Cite news |author=Cockburn, Patrick |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/the-death-of-justice-in-egypt-an-eightminute-trial-no-arguments-for-the-defence-and-683-sentenced-to-death-9298908.html |title=The Death of Justice in Egypt |newspaper=The Independent |date=28 April 2014 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905022506/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/the-death-of-justice-in-egypt-an-eightminute-trial-no-arguments-for-the-defence-and-683-sentenced-to-death-9298908.html |archive-date=5 September 2014 |url-status=live |author-link=Patrick Cockburn }} in which Badie could not present his defence, he was sentenced to death, along with 682 others who are allegedly Muslim Brotherhood supporters.{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27186339 |title=Egypt: Mass death sentence on Islamists passed |publisher=BBC News |date=28 April 2014 |access-date=12 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714012028/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27186339 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=live }} He was sentenced to life in prison on 15 September 2014,{{Cite news |url=http://www.madamasr.com/content/badie-and-14-mb-leaders-sentenced-life-giza-clashes |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140915172513/http://www.madamasr.com/content/badie-and-14-mb-leaders-sentenced-life-giza-clashes |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 September 2014 |title=Badie and 14 MB leaders sentenced to life for Giza clashes |publisher=Mada Masr |date=15 September 2014 |access-date=15 September 2014 }} and was sentenced to death on 11 April 2015, along with thirteen other senior Muslim Brotherhood members.{{cite web | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/mohamed-badie-leader-of-muslim-brotherhood-sentenced-to-death-in-egypt-1.3029244 | title=Mohamed Badie, leader of Muslim Brotherhood, sentenced to death in Egypt | work=CBC News | date=11 April 2015 | access-date=11 April 2015 | agency=Reuters}} He received a sixth life sentence on 22 August 2015{{cite news|title=Egyptian MB Leader Sentenced|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-22/egyptian-brotherhood-leader-handed-sixth-life-prison-sentence/6717748|access-date=24 August 2015|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=22 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824170341/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-22/egyptian-brotherhood-leader-handed-sixth-life-prison-sentence/6717748|archive-date=24 August 2015|url-status=live}} and a seventh on 8 May 2017.{{cite news|title=Muslim Brotherhood's Supreme Guide Mohammed Badie sentenced to life in prison|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2017/05/08/Muslims-Brotherhood-leader-Mohammed-Badie-sentenced-to-life-in-prison.html|publisher=Al Arabiya|date=8 May 2016|access-date=8 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611215046/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2017/05/08/Muslims-Brotherhood-leader-Mohammed-Badie-sentenced-to-life-in-prison.html|archive-date=11 June 2017|url-status=live}}

Egypt's highest appeals court upheld the 2019 conviction of Badie on charges related to killing policemen and organising mass jail-breaks during Egypt's 2011 uprising, alongside those of 10 other leaders of the group.{{Cite web|title=Egypt upholds life sentences for 10 Muslim Brotherhood figures|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/12/egypt-upholds-life-sentences-for-10-muslim-brotherhood-figures|access-date=2021-07-12|publisher=Al Jazeera|language=en}}

Biography

=Early life=

Badie was born on 7 August 1943 in the industrial city of Mahalla al-Kubra.{{Cite web |url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/whos-who-in-the-muslim-brotherhood#MuhammadBadie |title=Who's Who in Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood |date=September 2012 |publisher=Washington Institute for Near East Policy |access-date=13 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429080220/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/whos-who-in-the-muslim-brotherhood#MuhammadBadie |archive-date=29 April 2014 |url-status=live }} He received a degree in veterinary medicine at Cairo in 1965.[http://www.ikhwanweb.com/article.php?id=22669 Profile of Dr Badie: A resilient leader] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206035606/http://www.ikhwanweb.com/article.php?id=22669 |date=6 February 2011 }} Ikhwan, Retrieved 25 January 2011.

The same year, he was arrested for the first time for his political activity in the Muslim Brotherhood, along with Muslim Brotherhood leader Sayyid Qutb, during a nationwide roundup of activists; he was sentenced to 15 years in prison by a military tribunal. After 9 years, he was paroled along with almost all other Brotherhood prisoners in 1974 by the Egyptian president, Anwar al-Sadat. Badi'e went on to continue his studies and begin a teaching career at various Egyptian universities. He became a part-time professor of pathology at the veterinary school of Beni Suef University.

=2013 crisis, arrest, and trials=

In July 2013, Egyptian president Mohammed Morsi, a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, was removed by a coup d'état after the June protests. A travel ban was put on Badie as well as Badie's deputy Khairat el-Shater.{{Cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/morsi-reportedly-being-held-hours-after-being-ousted-as-egypts-president/ |title=Morsi reportedly being held hours after being ousted as Egypt's president |publisher=Fox News |date=3 July 2013 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704012533/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/07/03/egypt-teeters-on-brink-overthrow-as-army-deadline-is-set-to-expire/ |archive-date=4 July 2013 |url-status=live }} Badie's arrest was ordered on 10 July 2013 for "inciting the violence in Cairo on Monday in which more than 50 people were killed."{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-23256937 |title=Egypt Muslim Brotherhood leader Mohamed Badie arrest ordered |publisher=BBC News |date=10 July 2013 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017114142/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-23256937 |archive-date=17 October 2014 |url-status=live }} On 14 July 2013 Egypt's military-installed prosecutor general Hisham Barakat ordered his assets to be frozen.{{Cite news |title=Asset freeze for Islamist leaders goes into action |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/asset-freeze-islamist-leaders-goes-action |work=Egypt Independent |date=15 July 2013 |access-date=15 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728225210/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/asset-freeze-islamist-leaders-goes-action |archive-date=28 July 2013 |url-status=live }} Badie was arrested on 20 August 2013.{{Cite news |title=VIDEO: Muslim Brotherhood Supreme Guide Badie arrested |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/79488.aspx |work=Ahram Online |date=19 August 2013 |access-date=19 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820000136/http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/79488.aspx |archive-date=20 August 2013 |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/08/20/Egyp-st-Muslim-Brotherhood-Supreme-Guide-Mohamed-Badie-arrested.html |title=Egypt's Brotherhood General Guide Mohammad Badie detained |publisher=Al Arabiya |date=20 August 2013 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004195106/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/08/20/Egyp-st-Muslim-Brotherhood-Supreme-Guide-Mohamed-Badie-arrested.html |archive-date=4 October 2013 |url-status=live }} His two deputies were also arrested and he was due to stand trial on 25 August.{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/20/egypt-badie-muslim-brotherhood-detained |title=Egypt: Muslim Brotherhood leader Mohammed Badie reported detained |newspaper=The Guardian |date=20 August 2013 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810114239/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/20/egypt-badie-muslim-brotherhood-detained |archive-date=10 August 2014 |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/25-egyptian-police-recruits-gunned-down-by-militants-in-sinai-mubarak-could-be-released/2013/08/19/dc77447e-08bf-11e3-8974-f97ab3b3c677_story.html?hpid=z1 |title=Egypt arrests Brotherhood spiritual leader; Mubarak could be released |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=19 August 2013 |access-date=15 July 2014}} After the arrest of Badie, the Muslim Brotherhood appointed Mahmoud Ezzat as the acting guide.{{Cite news |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/08/21/Mahmoud-Ezzat-named-Muslim-Brotherhood-s-new-leader.html |title=Mahmoud Ezzat named Muslim Brotherhood's new leader |publisher=Al Arabiya |date=20 August 2013 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719034826/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/08/21/Mahmoud-Ezzat-named-Muslim-Brotherhood-s-new-leader.html |archive-date=19 July 2014 |url-status=live }}

Badie then has been tried in the following cases:

  • Together with eighteen other defendants, he has been accused at Cairo Criminal Court of inciting the murder of nine protesters who stormed the Brotherhood's Cairo headquarters on 30 June. On 29 October 2013, a three-judge panel stepped down from the proceedings, citing "uneasiness" over the trial as trial proceedings were disrupted by named defendants.{{Cite news |url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/10/29/judges-in-egyptianbrotherhoodtrialquit.html |title=Judges in Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood trial quit |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=29 October 2013 |access-date=10 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102013918/http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/10/29/judges-in-egyptianbrotherhoodtrialquit.html |archive-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }} On 11 December 2013, a second panel of judges withdrew from the trial.{{Cite news |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/88855/Egypt/Politics-/Second-judging-panel-withdraws-from-Brotherhood-tr.aspx |title=Second judging panel withdraws from Brotherhood trial |publisher=Ahram Online |date=11 December 2013 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727065851/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/88855/Egypt/Politics-/Second-judging-panel-withdraws-from-Brotherhood-tr.aspx |archive-date=27 July 2014 |url-status=live }}
  • On 7 June 2014, 47 defendants (ten of them in absentia) including Badie were tried at the Criminal Court of Shubra el-Kheima for inciting murder and violence, cutting off roads, threatening public order, and resisting authorities, especially referring to a demonstration in the town of Qalyub in July 2013 (notably blocking a highway),{{Cite news |url=http://thecairopost.com/news/108396/news/badies-qalyub-highway-case-postponed-to-may-7 |title=Badie's 'Qalyub highway' case postponed to May 7 |newspaper=The Cairo Post |date=29 April 2014 |access-date=16 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726115047/http://thecairopost.com/news/108396/news/badies-qalyub-highway-case-postponed-to-may-7 |archive-date=26 July 2014 |url-status=live }} in the course of which at least two people were killed. Along with nine others, Badie was sentenced to death, while there was no sentence yet for additional 37 defendants in the case.{{Cite news |url=http://www.madamasr.com/content/mb-supreme-guide-nine-others-sentenced-death-qalyub-case |title=MB supreme guide, nine others sentenced to death in Qalyub case |publisher=Mada Masr |date=7 June 2014 |access-date=16 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725201234/http://www.madamasr.com/content/mb-supreme-guide-nine-others-sentenced-death-qalyub-case |archive-date=25 July 2014 }} On 5 July 2014 ten of them were sentenced to death by the Banha Criminal Court, the remaining including Badie to life in prison.{{Cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/05/world/meast/egypt-mohammed-badie-sentenced/ |title=Muslim Brotherhood leader, 36 others sentenced to life in Cairo |first=Mitra |last=Mobasherat |publisher=CNN |date=5 July 2014 |access-date=16 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709021052/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/05/world/meast/egypt-mohammed-badie-sentenced |archive-date=9 July 2014 |url-status=live }}
  • On 15 July 2013, five persons died in clashes in Giza, notably in the Al-Bahr Al-Azam area near a police building. On 8 September 2013, Egypt's prosecutor-general referred Badie and 14 others to the criminal court, accusing them of being responsible for the incidents.{{Cite news |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/81105/Egypt/Politics-/Brotherhoods-Badie-referred-to-criminal-court-for-.aspx |title=Brotherhood's Badie referred to criminal court for Giza clashes |publisher=Ahram Online |date=8 September 2013 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719151601/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/81105/Egypt/Politics-/Brotherhoods-Badie-referred-to-criminal-court-for-.aspx |archive-date=19 July 2014 |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |url=http://cairoinformer.com/31118/badie-beltagy-and-erian-referred-to-criminal-court-over-al-bahr-al-azam-clashes/ |title=Badie, Beltagy and Erian referred to criminal court over al-Bahr al-Azam clashes |publisher=Cairo Informer |date=9 September 2013 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720105125/http://cairoinformer.com/31118/badie-beltagy-and-erian-referred-to-criminal-court-over-al-bahr-al-azam-clashes/ |archive-date=20 July 2014 |url-status=usurped }} Several trial sessions were reported in the news,{{Cite web |url=http://thecairopost.com/news/110168/news/badies-bahr-al-azam-trial-adjourned |title=Badie's Bahr Al-Azam trial adjourned |work=The Cairo Post |date=12 May 2014 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830190912/http://thecairopost.com/news/110168/news/badies-bahr-al-azam-trial-adjourned |archive-date=30 August 2014 |url-status=live }} until on 19 June 2014, Giza Criminal Court sentenced Badie, Muslim Brotherhood senior members Mohamed Beltagy and Essam el-Erian, as well as 11 others to death for inciting violence.{{Cite web |url=http://www.madamasr.com/content/mb-supreme-guide-13-others-sentenced-death-istiqama-clashes |title=MB supreme guide, 13 others sentenced to death for Istiqama clashes |website=Mada Masr |date=19 June 2014 |access-date=15 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719201546/http://www.madamasr.com/content/mb-supreme-guide-13-others-sentenced-death-istiqama-clashes |archive-date=19 July 2014 }}{{Cite news |url=http://www.canada.com/news/Leader+Egypts+Muslim+Brotherhood+sentenced+death+second+time/9954638/story.html |title=Leader of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood sentenced to death for a second time |publisher=Canada.com |date=19 June 2014 |access-date=15 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124031145/http://www.canada.com/news/Leader+Egypts+Muslim+Brotherhood+sentenced+death+second+time/9954638/story.html |archive-date=24 January 2016 }}
  • In an eight-minute trial without an opportunity for a defense on 28 April 2014, Badie and 682 others were found guilty and sentenced to die by judge Said Youssef in a court in Minya, referring to an attack on a police station in the Minya Governorate on 14 August 2013 when 11 policemen and 2 civilians were killed. The same judge confirmed the death sentence on 21 June 2014 in 183 cases,{{Cite news |url=http://www.n24.de/n24/Nachrichten/Politik/d/4944176/183-islamisten-zum-tode-verurteilt.html |title=Ägypten: 183 Islamisten zum Tode verurteilt |language=de |website=N24 |date=21 June 2014 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715005731/http://www.n24.de/n24/Nachrichten/Politik/d/4944176/183-islamisten-zum-tode-verurteilt.html |archive-date=15 July 2014 |url-status=live }} including Badie's.{{Cite news |url=http://thecairopost.com/news/117447/news/badie-sentenced-to-life-in-prison-over-blocking-road |title=Badie sentenced to life in prison over blocking road |work=The Cairo Post |date=5 July 2014 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715024855/http://thecairopost.com/news/117447/news/badie-sentenced-to-life-in-prison-over-blocking-road |archive-date=15 July 2014 |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/egypt-confirms-180-islamist-death-sentences |title=Egypt court confirms death sentences for over 180 |agency=Associated Press |date=21 June 2014 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719122718/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/egypt-confirms-180-islamist-death-sentences |archive-date=19 July 2014 |url-status=live }} Two months later, Egypt's Grand Mufti commuted the death sentence to a life sentence for Badie and five others. Egyptian law requires any capital sentence to be referred to the Grand Mufti, the highest Islamist religious authority, for an opinion before any execution can take place.{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/08/death-sentence-badie-reduced-life-20148305040329928.html|title=Badie death sentence reduced to life in Egypt|date=30 August 2014|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=2017-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804054012/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/08/death-sentence-badie-reduced-life-20148305040329928.html|archive-date=4 August 2017|url-status=live}}
  • In a 2015 trial, a Cairo court sentenced Badie and 18 other prominent Brotherhood figures to life in prison over an attack on a police station in 2013.{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/08/life-terms-egypt-badie-18-brotherhood-members-150822103759000.html|title=Badie receives latest life sentence from Egypt court|date=22 August 2015|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=2017-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804053123/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/08/life-terms-egypt-badie-18-brotherhood-members-150822103759000.html|archive-date=4 August 2017|url-status=live}} Charges ranged from murder and inciting violence to stealing weapons and destruction of public and private property. The court also handed the same sentence to 76 others in absentia.{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/muslim-brotherhood-leader-mohamed-badie-sentenced-to-life-in-prison-on-top-of-death-sentence-10467167.html|title=Muslim Brotherhood leader sentenced to life in prison – on top of existing death sentence|date=2015-08-22|work=The Independent|access-date=2017-08-04|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912093148/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/muslim-brotherhood-leader-mohamed-badie-sentenced-to-life-in-prison-on-top-of-death-sentence-10467167.html|archive-date=12 September 2017|url-status=live}}
  • In 2016, an Egyptian court also sentenced Badie and 35 other people to life imprisonment for inciting violence in the Suez Canal city of Ismailia that led to the killing of three people in July 2013.{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/05/mohamed-badie-muslim-brotherhood-egypt-160530143709911.html|title=Mohamed Badie among dozens sentenced for life in Egypt|date=30 May 2016|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=2017-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804025446/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/05/mohamed-badie-muslim-brotherhood-egypt-160530143709911.html|archive-date=4 August 2017|url-status=live}}
  • In 2017, Egypt's Court of Cassation accepted the appeal of Badie and 49 other defendants against the death sentences received for the 2013 police station attacks. The court ordered a retrial for the charges.{{Cite news|url=https://dailynewsegypt.com/2017/05/10/cassation-court-orders-retrial-badie-49-others/|title=Cassation Court orders retrial of Badie, 49 others|date=10 May 2017|work=Daily News Egypt|access-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525063407/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2017/05/10/cassation-court-orders-retrial-badie-49-others|archive-date=25 May 2017|url-status=live}}
  • Badie returned to court in Giza in 2017 to face charges of "preparing an operations room to confront the state and create chaos in the country following the dismantling of the Rabaa al-Adawiya sit-in" and "planning to burn public property and churches", and he received another life sentence.{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/egypt-issues-life-sentence-muslim-brotherhood-chief-170508151622974.html|title=Egypt issues life sentence for Muslim Brotherhood chief|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=2017-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804025329/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/egypt-issues-life-sentence-muslim-brotherhood-chief-170508151622974.html|archive-date=4 August 2017|url-status=live}}

= 2019–2021: sentence and appeal =

  • A ruling on 11 July upheld the 2019 conviction by a Cairo criminal court of all 10, including Mohamed Badie, of charges related to killing policemen and organising mass jail-breaks during Egypt's 2011 uprising. The defendants were found guilty of helping about 20,000 prisoners escape, and of undermining national security by conspiring with foreign armed groups – the Palestinian group, Hamas, and Lebanon's Iran-backed Hezbollah. All of the sentences, which the court considered on appeal, are final.

Statements

=Israel=

In a weekly sermon, titled "How Islam Confronts the Oppression and Tyranny [against the Muslims]," Mohammed Badie accused the Arab and Muslim regimes of avoiding confrontation with "the Zionist entity" and the United States, and also of disregarding "Allah's commandment to wage jihad for His sake with [their] money and [their] lives, so that Allah's word will reign supreme and the infidels' word will be inferior." Badie stated that the U.S. is immoral and doomed to collapse. He accused the Palestinian Authority of "selling out" the Palestinian cause, adding that a third intifada was about to erupt. Badie also stated that "Resistance is the only solution against the Zio-American arrogance and tyranny, and all we need is for the Arab and Muslim peoples to stand behind it and support it."{{cite web |title=Muslim Brotherhood Supreme Guide: 'The U.S. Is Now Experiencing the Beginning of Its End'; Improvement and Change in the Muslim World 'Can Only Be Attained Through Jihad and Sacrifice' |url=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/4650.htm |work=MEMRI |access-date=10 July 2012 |date=6 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718181126/http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/4650.htm |archive-date=18 July 2012 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood leader: Israelis are rapists of Jerusalem |url=http://www.israelhayom.com/site/newsletter_article.php?id=4983 |access-date=10 July 2012 |newspaper=Israel Hayom |date=9 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717033636/http://www.israelhayom.com/site/newsletter_article.php?id=4983 |archive-date=17 July 2012 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Terrorism: Muslim Brotherhood |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/muslimbrotherhood.html |access-date=10 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825045046/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/muslimbrotherhood.html |archive-date=25 August 2014 |url-status=live }}{{Failed verification|date=August 2013}}

In July 2012, during his weekly sermon, Mohammed Badie stated that Israelis are "rapists" of Jerusalem, and called on all Muslims to "wage jihad with their money and their selves to free al-Quds." He described the creation of Israel in international law as an "alleged, illusory right."{{cite news |title=Muslim Brotherhood Leader Calls Israelis Rapists |url=http://www.algemeiner.com/2012/07/09/egypt%E2%80%99s-muslim-brotherhood-leader-calls-israelis-rapists/ |access-date=10 July 2012 |newspaper=The Algemeiner |date=9 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916084814/http://www.algemeiner.com/2012/07/09/egypt%e2%80%99s-muslim-brotherhood-leader-calls-israelis-rapists/ |archive-date=16 September 2014 |url-status=live }}

In October 2012, Badie alleged that "The Jews have dominated the land, spread corruption on earth, spilled the blood of believers and in their actions profaned holy places, including their own." As such, he demanded that the Arab world reject negotiations with Israel in favour of "holy Jihad," saying that "the Zionists only understand force" and while alleging that allowing Jews to pray on the Temple Mount, Judaism's holiest site, would result in the destruction of Al-Aqsa.{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Elhanan |title='Holy Jihad' is the only way to deal with Israel, says Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood chief |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/holy-jihad-is-the-only-way-to-deal-with-israel-says-egypts-muslim-brotherhood-chief/ |access-date=11 October 2012 |newspaper=The Times of Israel |date=11 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014003944/http://www.timesofisrael.com/holy-jihad-is-the-only-way-to-deal-with-israel-says-egypts-muslim-brotherhood-chief/ |archive-date=14 October 2012 |url-status=live }}

=Operation Pillar of Defense=

{{Main|Operation Pillar of Defense}}

Badie denounced peace efforts with Israel, urging holy war against Israel, on 22 November 2012—just a day after Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi succeeded in brokering a truce to end eight days of Israel-Hamas fighting. Badie says "jihad is obligatory" for Muslims and that peace deals with Israel are a "game of grand deception." He says there's been enough negotiations, the "enemy knows nothing but the language of force."{{Cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/t/story/egypt-brotherhood-leader-blasts-peace-israel-17785651 |title=Egypt Brotherhood Leader Blasts Peace with Israel |agency=Associated Press |publisher=ABC News |date=22 November 2012 |access-date=15 July 2014}}

=Overthrow of Mohamed Morsi=

In July 2013, Badie condemned the removal of Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi by the Egyptian military stating "I swear by God that what Gen. Abdel-Fattah el-Sisi did in Egypt is more criminal than if he had carried an axe and demolished the holy Kaaba, stone by stone."{{Cite news |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/07/26/MB-leader-Mursi-ouster-worse-than-destroying-Islam-s-holiest-shrine-.html |title=MB leader: Mursi's ouster worse than destroying Islam's holiest shrine |publisher=Al Arabiya |date=25 July 2013 |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719203918/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/07/26/MB-leader-Mursi-ouster-worse-than-destroying-Islam-s-holiest-shrine-.html |archive-date=19 July 2014 |url-status=live }}

Personal life

Badie has four children, three daughters and a son.{{cite news |title=Son of Brotherhood's Supreme Guide shot dead, house set ablaze |url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/son-brotherhood-s-supreme-guide-shot-dead-house-set-ablaze |access-date=17 August 2013 |newspaper=Egypt Independent |date=17 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818182559/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/son-brotherhood-s-supreme-guide-shot-dead-house-set-ablaze |archive-date=18 August 2013 |url-status=live }} His son, Ammar, was killed in the clashes in Cairo on 16 August 2013.

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • {{Aljazeeratopic|person/mohammed-badie}}
  • [http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/english-free-tags/mohamed-badie Mohammed Badie] collected news and commentary at Al-Masry Al-Youm

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Category:1943 births

Category:Living people

Category:People from El Mahalla El Kubra

Category:Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood leaders

Category:Egyptian democracy activists

Category:Islamic democracy activists

Category:Egyptian veterinarians

Category:People of the Egyptian revolution of 2011

Category:2013 Egyptian coup d'état

Category:Egyptian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment

Category:Egyptian prisoners sentenced to death

Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Egypt

Category:Prisoners sentenced to death by Egypt