Mongol–Langam languages
{{Short description|Ramu–Keram language group of Papua New Guinea}}
{{Infobox language family
|name = Mongol–Langam
|altname = West Keram River
Ulmapo
Kaima, Koam
|region = East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea
|familycolor = Papuan
|fam1=Ramu–Keram
|fam2=Keram
|glotto = mong1343
|glottorefname= Ulmapo
}}
The Mongol–Langam, Koam, or Ulmapo languages are a language group of Keram Rural LLG, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea belonging to the Ramu language family. Foley (2018) includes them within the Grass languages,{{cite book |last=Foley |first=William A. |author-link=William A. Foley |editor1-last=Palmer |editor1-first=Bill |date=2018 |title=The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide |chapter=The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs |series= The World of Linguistics |volume=4 |location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=197–432 |isbn=978-3-11-028642-7}} but they were not included in Foley (2005).{{cite book | last = Foley | first = William A. | author-link = William A. Foley | year = 2005 | chapter = Linguistic prehistory in the Sepik-Ramu basin | title = Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples | location = Canberra | publisher = Pacific Linguistics | isbn = 0858835622 | oclc = 67292782 | editor = Andrew Pawley | editor-link = Andrew Pawley | editor2 = Robert Attenborough | editor3 = Robin Hide | editor4 = Jack Golson | pages = 109–144 }}
The Koam languages are spoken next to the Yuat languages, but two groups are unrelated.
Names
The name Koam is used by Foley (2018), while the name Ulmapo (coined from the first two letters of each of the three daughter languages) is used by Barlow (2018) and Glottolog 4.0.Barlow, Russell. 2018. A grammar of Ulwa. Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/62506
Languages
According to Summer Institute of Linguistics data from 2003, the member languages had the following number of speakers:
- Mongol (Mwakai), 340 speakers{{harvnb|Lewis|2009|p=626}}
- Langam (Pondi), 420 speakers{{harvnb|Lewis|2009|p=621}}
- Yaul (Ulwa), 1,210 speakers{{harvnb|Lewis|2009|p=643}}
Classification
Donald Laycock (1973) noted that the Mongol–Langam languages mark nouns for pluralisation, like the Lower Sepik languages (Nor–Pondo languages) and Yuat languages, and also that the lexicon also shows many resemblances to Yuat languages, while pronouns are similar to the Grass (Keram) languages (Ramu).{{harvnb|Laycock|1973|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=PH4OAAAAYAAJ&q=mongol 36]}} Malcolm Ross (2005) accepts them as Ramu languages based on their pronouns.{{harvnb|Ross|2005}} With additional data from recent research, Usher confirms their position in the Keram branch of the Ramu family.[https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/keram-and-ramu-rivers/keram-river/west-keram-river West Keram River – NewGuineaWorld]
Notes
{{Reflist}}
References
- {{citation |last=Laycock |first=Donald C. |title=Sepik languages – checklist and preliminary classification |publisher=The Australian National University, Research School of Pacific Studies, Dept. of Linguistics |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-85883-084-4 |series=Pacific linguistics Ser. B Monographs |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/sepiklanguagesch0000layc }}
- {{citation
| editor-last = Lewis |editor-first=M. Paul
| date = 2009
| orig-date = first published 1951 by SIL
| title = Ethnologue: Languages of the World
| edition = 16
| location = Dallas
| publisher = SIL International
| isbn = 9781556712166
| ol = 19636399W
| url = https://archive.org/details/ethnologuelangua0000unse_k9t5/
}}
- {{citation |last=Ross |first=Malcolm |author-link=Malcolm Ross (linguist) |year=2005 |chapter=Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages |title=Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples |location=Canberra |publisher=Pacific Linguistics |isbn=0-85883-562-2 |oclc=67292782 |editor1=Andrew Pawley |editor-link=Andrew Pawley |editor2=Robert Attenborough |editor3=Robin Hide |display-editors = 3 |editor4=Jack Golson |pages=15–66 }}
External links
- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, [https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/keram-and-ramu-rivers/keram-river/west-keram-river Proto–West Keram River]
{{Ramu–Lower Sepik languages}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mongol-Langam languages}}