Monticello, Utah#Uranium mining

The Old Spanish Trail trade route passed through the area of Monticello from 1829 into the 1850s.

Monticello was one of the many cities established by Mormon pioneers in the Utah Territory, which became the State of Utah. Farming, ranching, and uranium mining have all played an important role in the economy and history of the town.

Early members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints began the first full-scale settling of what is now known as San Juan County, Utah. Few white residents had settled along the San Juan River before the arrival of the Mormon pioneers from the San Juan Expedition. After passing through Hole-In-The-Rock, the pioneers arrived in the San Juan County area and settled in Bluff on 6 April 1880.{{Citation | last = Topping | first = Gary | title = Utah History Encyclopedia | publisher = University of Utah Press | year = 1994 | chapter = San Juan County | chapter-url = https://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/s/SAN_JUAN_COUNTY.shtml | url = https://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241007112520/https://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/s/SAN_JUAN_COUNTY.shtml | archive-date = October 7, 2024 | isbn = 9780874804256 | access-date = October 8, 2024}} In that year, on a journey to northern Utah from the San Juan River settlements, Apostles Erastus Snow and Brigham Young Jr. passed through the current site of Monticello. They were quite impressed by it, and this encounter was one of the key factors behind LDS settlement there a few years later.Jenson, Andrew. Encyclopedic History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (Salt Lake City: Deseret news Press, 1941) p. 528 After struggling to farm along the unpredictable San Juan River, leaders began to look to settle the higher country at the base of the Abajo Mountains, also known as the Blue Mountains, where several streams and springs descended from the mountain. Piute Springs, Soldier's Spring, and Montezuma Creek were a few of the water sources in the area named by passersby.

In March 1886, Francis A. Hammond, the LDS Stake President (the leading LDS regional authority) of San Juan County, sent scouts from Bluff to identify possible locations for settlements near the water sources of the Blue Mountains. The scouts found that a few people had already begun to utilize the land. The first white man to build a cabin in the Monticello area was likely cattleman Patrick O'Donnell in 1879. The North and South Forks of Montezuma Canyon, through which Montezuma Creek flows, were being utilized when the scouts arrived. The Kansas and New Mexico Cattle and Land Company, operated by Edmund and Harold Carlisle, was located a few miles north of what is now Monticello, and the L.C. outfit was headquartered in the South Fork of Montezuma Canyon.

Notwithstanding the fact that others were utilizing the land, Hammond sent the families of George A. Adams, Frederick I. Jones, Parley R. Butt and Charles E. Walton from Bluff to establish a new settlement at what is now Monticello.[http://history.utah.gov/apps/markers/detailed_results.php?markerid=3024 Historical marker placed at Verdure, UT], by the Daughters of the Utah Pioneers, 8/16/1995. Accessed 28 Oct. 2009. They first set up camp at Verdure near the South Fork of Montezuma Creek on March 11, 1887, six miles (10 km) south of what is now Monticello. By the first part of July 1887, the men had begun to plant crops, survey an irrigation ditch, and layout a townsite in the present-day Monticello area. Conflicts soon began with the Carlisle cowboys and Ute Indians over water and land rights, resulting in warning shots, heated disputes, and legal battles.

Learning from lawyers that the Carlisles had very little legal claim to any of the region, the Mormons claimed all the water from the South Fork and three-fourths of the water from the North Fork. In the spring of 1888, the Adams and Butt families remained in Verdure while the rest of the settlers moved to North Montezuma and began construction of the town.

Early names for the settlement were North Montezuma Creek, Piute Springs, and Hammond, after the stake president. In a formal meeting in 1888, three names were under consideration: North Montezuma, Hammond, and the biblical name, Antioch. None of the names were approved by the younger members of the community. When Hammond recommended Monticello, in honor of Thomas Jefferson's estate, everyone approved and it was accepted.

In 1903 the Utah State Agricultural College in Logan established an experimental station in Verdure where various dry-farming techniques were tested for thirteen years. This information spurred the growth of the farming industry in the area. In 1909, the Enlarged Homestead Act was passed, which provided {{convert|320|acre|km2}} of non-irrigable land for a small price. New farms began to cover the sagebrush lands north and east of Monticello. Dry farming was a major occupation in the area up through the 1930s and is a vital part of the local economy today.

The first phone lines were installed in the community in 1906, tying into Colorado circuits. The Blue Mountain Irrigation Company organized construction of a combined water and power system in 1917. The San Juan Record, the county newspaper, was established in Monticello by Oscar Walter McConkie in 1915, where it remains to this day.

Image:Manhattan Project US Map.png

The Vanadium Corporation of America (VCA) began construction of a vanadium mill in Monticello in 1941 in response to the increased demand for radioactive material brought about by World War II.[https://web.archive.org/web/20000929210220/http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/monticel/mon_p1.html "Public Health Assessment: Monticello Mill Tailings (DOE) and Monticello Radioactively Contaminated Properties,"] Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR), Department of Health and Human Services. Accessed 28 Oct. 2009. In 1943, VCA began producing a uranium-vanadium sludge for the Manhattan Engineer District. It employed 200 workers until it closed in 1946. In 1948, the U.S. Federal Government purchased the mill and reopened it in 1949 as a converted uranium and vanadium processing plant.

Monticello and the San Juan County area experienced significant growth during the uranium boom of the 1950s. The uranium mines in San Juan County were among the richest in the nation. The Happy Jack Mine, located in White Canyon, San Juan County, was founded by Monticello natives Fletch Bronson and Joe Cooper. The Happy Jack Mine was the second richest deposit of high-grade uranium ore in the nation, the first being the MiVida Mine, also in San Juan County.[http://www.sjrnews.com/pages/full_story/full_story?content_instance_id=3982129 "The Bronsons, Joe Cooper and the Fabled Happy Jack," The San Juan Record], Oct 14, 2009. Accessed 28 Oct. 2009. During these years the mill at Monticello processed large amounts of ore taken from the canyons of southeastern Utah. The population of Monticello more than doubled during this time as a result of the activity at the processing plant and the mining activity in the region. County assessed valuation jumped from $1 million in the 1940s to $132 million in 1959. Oil and mining accounted for 94 percent of the property tax in San Juan County during those years, and the San Juan School District became the state's highest paying district.

Demand for uranium subsided in the early 1960s. On January 1, 1960, the mill was closed permanently by the Atomic Energy Commission. The mill tailings were stabilized by 1962, and the mill was dismantled in 1964.

A massive cleanup project was conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy from 1989 to 2004 to remove radioactive material from lands and buildings and to restore the land formerly occupied by the mill. All radioactive material was removed and placed in a controlled repository near Monticello. Funding was provided to restore the former mill site and roughly {{convert|150|acre|km2}} of surrounding land to a usable condition. In a deal with the Federal Government, the City of Monticello reseeded and restored the reclaimed land; upon completion, the city received roughly $7 million from the government.

With the remaining cleanup funds, the city decided to expand the existing 9-hole golf course into an 18-hole course. The course site is adjacent to the mill site. Longtime resident Rex Jensen donated land to the city to be used for expanding the course towards the mountain. The course was designed by Forrest Richardson & Assoc. Golf Course Architects and construction was completed in 2001.

Many Monticello residents claim that the exposure to the radioactive mill tailings caused cancer in residents and mill workers."Monticello, San Juan County, Utah," Decommissioning Projects, UMTRA Title 1. [http://www.wise-uranium.org/udusat1.html WISE Uranium Project]. Efforts have been made and are ongoing to secure compensation for the illness or death of family members exposed to the mill tailings. In 2009, legislation was passed to provide free cancer screening to residents who lived in Monticello between 1941 and 2000.San Juan Record, March 25, 2009

Monticello is located in the Four Corners area of the Colorado Plateau.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.6 square miles (6.7 km²), all land, making it the largest city in the county in terms of area.

Monticello is located at the base of the Abajo Mountains, or the Blue Mountains, which are part of the Manti-La Sal National Forest. The elevation of Monticello is {{convert|7069|ft|m}}. From Monticello, a tree formation on the Blue Mountains can be seen, which resembles a horse's head and neck, which can be seen from any point in town.

Monticello is 40 miles from the Needles District of Canyonlands National Park and is 59 miles from Arches National Park, located near Moab.

Similar to other high-altitude locations in the western United States, such as Flagstaff, Arizona, Aspen, Colorado and Los Alamos, New Mexico, Monticello has a warm-summer humid continental climate according to the Köppen climate classification system, abbreviated Dfb on climate maps.

{{Weather box

|location = Monticello, Utah, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1902–2011

|single line = Yes

|collapsed = yes

|Jan record high F = 57

|Feb record high F = 80

|Mar record high F = 81

|Apr record high F = 80

|May record high F = 91

|Jun record high F = 97

|Jul record high F = 97

|Aug record high F = 101

|Sep record high F = 91

|Oct record high F = 86

|Nov record high F = 70

|Dec record high F = 69

|Jan avg record high F = 47.6

|Feb avg record high F = 52.1

|Mar avg record high F = 63.1

|Apr avg record high F = 72.0

|May avg record high F = 80.6

|Jun avg record high F = 88.9

|Jul avg record high F = 92.1

|Aug avg record high F = 88.5

|Sep avg record high F = 83.8

|Oct avg record high F = 73.2

|Nov avg record high F = 60.7

|Dec avg record high F = 49.7

|year avg record high F = 92.6

|Jan high F = 36.3

|Feb high F = 40.5

|Mar high F = 50.4

|Apr high F = 59.0

|May high F = 69.1

|Jun high F = 80.8

|Jul high F = 85.3

|Aug high F = 82.1

|Sep high F = 75.0

|Oct high F = 61.5

|Nov high F = 48.1

|Dec high F = 36.0

|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 25.7

|Feb mean F = 30.1

|Mar mean F = 38.0

|Apr mean F = 45.1

|May mean F = 54.0

|Jun mean F = 63.8

|Jul mean F = 69.5

|Aug mean F = 67.5

|Sep mean F = 59.8

|Oct mean F = 47.6

|Nov mean F = 35.9

|Dec mean F = 26.1

|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 15.2

|Feb low F = 19.6

|Mar low F = 25.6

|Apr low F = 31.3

|May low F = 38.8

|Jun low F = 46.9

|Jul low F = 53.6

|Aug low F = 52.9

|Sep low F = 44.7

|Oct low F = 33.7

|Nov low F = 23.7

|Dec low F = 16.2

|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = -2.8

|Feb avg record low F = 1.1

|Mar avg record low F = 9.4

|Apr avg record low F = 18.8

|May avg record low F = 25.0

|Jun avg record low F = 33.9

|Jul avg record low F = 43.6

|Aug avg record low F = 43.2

|Sep avg record low F = 31.0

|Oct avg record low F = 20.3

|Nov avg record low F = 6.3

|Dec avg record low F = -2.5

|year avg record low F = -7.5

|Jan record low F = -18

|Feb record low F = -21

|Mar record low F = -9

|Apr record low F = 4

|May record low F = 10

|Jun record low F = 27

|Jul record low F = 33

|Aug record low F = 25

|Sep record low F = 22

|Oct record low F = 5

|Nov record low F = -8

|Dec record low F = -22

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation inch = 1.57

|Feb precipitation inch = 1.48

|Mar precipitation inch = 1.09

|Apr precipitation inch = 0.88

|May precipitation inch = 0.89

|Jun precipitation inch = 0.51

|Jul precipitation inch = 1.36

|Aug precipitation inch = 1.80

|Sep precipitation inch = 1.67

|Oct precipitation inch = 1.32

|Nov precipitation inch = 1.19

|Dec precipitation inch = 1.34

|year precipitation inch = 15.10

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in

|Jan precipitation days = 6.3

|Feb precipitation days = 6.4

|Mar precipitation days = 5.8

|Apr precipitation days = 5.5

|May precipitation days = 5.4

|Jun precipitation days = 4.1

|Jul precipitation days = 7.5

|Aug precipitation days = 9.9

|Sep precipitation days = 7.7

|Oct precipitation days = 6.6

|Nov precipitation days = 5.3

|Dec precipitation days = 5.7

|Jan snow inch = 13.4

|Feb snow inch = 13.5

|Mar snow inch = 7.4

|Apr snow inch = 6.1

|May snow inch = 1.1

|Jun snow inch = 0.1

|Jul snow inch = 0.0

|Aug snow inch = 0.0

|Sep snow inch = 0.1

|Oct snow inch = 1.3

|Nov snow inch = 7.3

|Dec snow inch = 13.9

|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in

|Jan snow days = 5.5

|Feb snow days = 4.7

|Mar snow days = 3.5

|Apr snow days = 2.4

|May snow days = 0.5

|Jun snow days = 0.1

|Jul snow days = 0.0

|Aug snow days = 0.0

|Sep snow days = 0.0

|Oct snow days = 0.8

|Nov snow days = 2.4

|Dec snow days = 4.6

|Jan snow depth inch = 11.6

|Feb snow depth inch = 10.5

|Mar snow depth inch = 5.9

|Apr snow depth inch = 0.8

|May snow depth inch = 0.2

|Jun snow depth inch = 0.0

|Jul snow depth inch = 0.0

|Aug snow depth inch = 0.0

|Sep snow depth inch = 0.0

|Oct snow depth inch = 0.4

|Nov snow depth inch = 4.1

|Dec snow depth inch = 8.6

|year snow depth inch = 16.1

|source 1 = NOAA

{{cite web

|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00425805&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Monticello 2E, UT

|access-date = November 13, 2022

}}

|source 2 = XMACIS2

{{cite web

|url = https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|title = xmACIS2

|access-date = February 23, 2023

}}

}}

{{US Census population

| 1890 = 115

| 1900 = 180

| 1910 = 375

| 1920 = 768

| 1930 = 496

| 1940 = 667

| 1950 = 1172

| 1960 = 1845

| 1970 = 1431

| 1980 = 1929

| 1990 = 1806

| 2000 = 1958

| 2010 = 1972

| 2020 = 1824

| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}

}}

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,958 people, 606 households, and 467 families residing in the city. The population density was 757.1 people per square mile (291.9/km²). There were 717 housing units at an average density of 277.2 per square mile (106.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.09% White, 0.10% African American, 6.44% Native American, 0.87% Asian, 0.15% Pacific Islander, 7.00% from other races, and 2.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.69% of the population.

There were 606 households, out of which 41.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.0% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.8% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.09 and the average family size was 3.65.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 36.5% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 17.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,929, and the median income for a family was $42,115. Males had a median income of $31,000 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,033. About 6.7% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.1% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

Image:Monticellotemple.jpg

As the seat of San Juan County, Monticello is home to the San Juan County Fair and Fairgrounds. The annual fair usually occurs during August.[http://www.sanjuancountyfair.org/ San Juan County Fair] A 24 July Parade and Celebration are also held annually in Monticello[http://www.monticelloutah.org City of Monticello] to commemorate Pioneer Day, a Utah holiday commemorating the arrival of Mormon settlers to the Salt Lake Valley.

Blue Mountain Entertainment is a local arts organization which provides funding to bring cultural performances to Monticello throughout the year.[http://www.utah.com/arts/ Utah Arts]

The City of Monticello annually hosts the Blue Mountain Triathlon. The {{convert|27|mi|km|adj=on}} race begins with {{convert|4|mi|km}} of cross country skiing on the Blue Mountain, followed by an {{convert|18|mi|km|adj=on}} bike ride, and ending with a {{convert|5|mi|km|adj=on}} run past Newspaper Rock.

On October 4, 1997, Gordon B. Hinckley, President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, announced that the church would begin to build a new series of "miniature temples." The first of such temples was built in Monticello. Groundbreaking began on November 17, 1997. An open house was held from July 15 to July 18, 1998, and the Monticello Utah Temple was dedicated July 26, 1998. The temple was subsequently expanded and rededicated on November 17, 2002. The Monticello Temple was the 53rd temple completed by the church.[https://web.archive.org/web/20020311035058/http://www.lds.org/temples/main/0,11204,1912-1-89-0,00.html Monticello Utah Official Website]

The San Juan School District operates two public schools. The Monticello Elementary School hosts children from grades K-6, while grades 7-12 attend Monticello High School.[http://www.sanjuan.k12.ut.us/ San Juan School District] The San Juan County Library is located in Monticello.

Monticello was selected as the site for an extension of the George Wythe University; groundbreaking for the new facility took place in August 2008 but the project was never completed.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}

Monticello is home of The Hideout Golf Club, an 18-hole golf course constructed near the reclaimed site of the uranium mill. The Hideout has been ranked the no. 2 golf course in Utah and the No. 23 Municipal Golf Course in the U.S.

The Abajo Mountains and surrounding areas offer hiking and hunting. Fishing is available at Foy Lake, Monticello Lake, and Lloyds Lake, all on the Blue Mountains.[http://www.go-utah.com/Monticello Utah Recreation]

• Hyland Hotel
• Jane McKechnie Walton
• Lariat Cafe explosion

{{reflist|30em}}

{{Commons category|Monticello, Utah}}

• [http://www.monticelloutah.org/ Monticello Utah] Official City Website
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080604005903/http://www.gwc.edu/ George Wythe College] George Wythe College, Monticello's liberal arts college
• [http://www.ut.blm.gov/monticello/index.html BLM Monticello Field Office] Public Lands Management

{{Geographic Location

|Centre = Monticello

|North = Moab, Castle Valley

|Northeast = {{flagicon|Colorado}} Nucla
{{flagicon|Colorado}} Naturita

|East = {{flagicon|Colorado}} Dove Creek

|Southeast = {{flagicon|Colorado}} Cortez

|South = Blanding

|Southwest = Natural Bridges National Monument

|West = Boulder / Colorado River

|Northwest = Hanksville / Canyonlands National Park

}}

{{San Juan County, Utah}}

{{Utah county seats}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities in Utah

Category:Cities in San Juan County, Utah

Category:County seats in Utah

Category:Populated places established in 1887

Category:Superfund sites in Utah

Category:Old Spanish Trail (trade route)