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Morgan Iron Works

{{short description|American company manufacturing plant for marine steam engines}}

{{Infobox company

| name = Morgan Iron Works

| logo = 300px

| type = Private

| genre =

| fate = Sold

| predecessor = T. F. Secor & Co.

| successor =

| foundation = 1838

| founders = {{unbulleted list|T. F. Secor|Charles Morgan|William K. Caulkin}}

| defunct = 1907

| location_city = New York

| location_country = United States

| location =

| locations =

| area_served = United States

| key_people = T. F. Secor, Charles Morgan, George W. Quintard; later John Roach and his sons John Baker and Stephen Roach

| industry = Manufacturing

| products = Marine steam engines

| services = Ship repair

| market cap =

| revenue =

| operating_income =

| net_income =

| aum =

| assets = $450,000 (1867)

| equity =

| owner = {{unbulleted list|T. F. Secor, W. K. Caulkin and Charles Morgan (1838-1850)|Charles Morgan (1850-1867)|John Roach & Sons (1867-1907)}}

| num_employees = 1,000 (1865)

| parent =

| divisions =

| subsid =

| homepage =

| footnotes =

| intl =

}}

The Morgan Iron Works was a 19th-century manufacturing plant for marine steam engines located in New York City, United States. Founded as T. F. Secor & Co. in 1838, the plant was later taken over and renamed by one of its original investors, Charles Morgan.

The Morgan Iron Works remained a leading manufacturer of marine engines throughout the 19th century, producing at least 144 in the period between 1838 and 1867, including 23 for U.S. Navy vessels during the American Civil War.

The Morgan Iron Works was sold to shipbuilder John Roach in 1867, who integrated its operations with his shipyard in Chester, Pennsylvania. The Works continued to operate as both an engine plant and a ship repair facility in the hands of Roach and his son John Baker Roach until 1907, when the Roach family finally retired from the shipbuilding business.

Secor & Co., 1838–1850

The marine engine works of T. F. Secor and Co. was originally established in New York City, at Ninth Street, East River, in 1838. The works was at this time owned by three partners—T. F. Secor, William K. CaulkinSwann 1965. p .24. and budding transport entrepreneur Charles Morgan, each of whom had one-third ownership of the new firm.Baughman 1968. p. 30.

In 1845, the U.S. Congress made a number of legislative changes, including the establishment of subsidies, which were aimed at allowing American shipping lines to compete more effectively with their British counterparts. The new legislation contributed to a growing demand in the United States for steamships, encouraging Morgan to divest himself of the last of his shares in sailing vessels and plough the money instead into the Secor plant,Baughman 1968. p. 39. which was expanded to include one and a half blocks between Eight and Tenth Streets. By this time, the plant employed up to 700 men, and was building engines for both coastal and oceangoing steamships.Baughman 1968. p. 55.

== Morgan/Quintard ownership, 1850–1867 ==

In 1847, Morgan appointed his son-in-law, George W. Quintard, to the financial department of Secor & Co. Quintard proved a capable manager and rose quickly in the firm. Morgan bought out the other partners in February 1850 and renamed the firm the Morgan Iron Works. Quintard became the plant's new manager, a position he was to retain until the sale of the firm to John Roach in 1867. Morgan, now the plant's sole owner, was the firm's financier, supplying its capital and credit.

The only variation to this arrangement occurred between May 1, 1857 to May 1, 1861, when Morgan's other son-in-law, Charles A. Whitney, joined the firm as co-manager. During this period, Morgan conveyed the Works to the ownership of Quintard and Whitney for the sum of $250,000 ({{inflation|US|250000|1857|fmt=eq}}), giving Whitney a one-third stake in the company and Quintard the remainder. The two manager-owners took out a $67,000 mortgage ({{inflation|US|67000|1861|fmt=eq}}) on the property to raise operating capital. After Whitney left the firm to pursue other business interests, Morgan returned as sole owner, purchasing the business for its sale price of $250,000 as of a few years prior, and settling the mortgage himself.Baughman 1968. pp. 55–56.

= 1850s =

Following the Morgan takeover in 1850, Quintard embarked on an extensive improvement program for the Works, installing steam hammers, a floating steam derrick and other heavy equipment, as well as building a new dockyard on the East River. Quintard also began diversifying the firm's products, manufacturing machinery for Cuban sugar mills and large pumps for a Chicago water company.Swann 1965. pp. 24–25.

By this time, Morgan himself, whose transportation business was steadily expanding, had become the plant's main customer.Swann 1965. p. 24. In 1850, Morgan ordered the 1,875 ton steamer San Francisco and the 1,359 ton Brother Jonathan, both built for operation with Morgan's Empire City Line.Baughman 1968. p. 63. In 1852, he decided to replace some of his older ships, and ordered Texas (1,151 tons), Louisiana (1,056 t), Mexico (1,043 t), Perseverance (827 t) and Meteor (542 t) all of which had engines built by the Morgan Iron Works.

In the same period, Morgan lost to accidents four of his existing ships: Palmetto, Globe, Galveston and the newly built Meteor, with a total value of $250,000. As all four ships had been self-insured in line with Morgan's usual practice, none of the losses were recoverable. Morgan was by this time wealthy enough to be able to absorb the losses however, and in the following two years he had another four vessels built, including Charles Morgan (1,215 tons), Nautilus (898 t), Orizaba (734 t) and Tennessee (1,149 t), all but the last of which also had their engines supplied by the Morgan Works.Baughman 1968. p. 88.

The Morgan Iron Works secured its first naval contract on October 28, 1858, for a steam sloop-of-war, the {{USS|Seminole|1859|6}}. The contract was met with charges of favoritism from Republicans, and in a subsequent Congressional enquiry, Quintard pointed out that the Works had bid for a number of navy contracts previously but never been successful. The inquiry ultimately rejected the charges.Baughman 1968. pp. 114–116.

By the end of the decade, the Morgan Works was one of America's leading manufacturers of marine steam engines, specializing in medium-sized machinery for coastal and river service. From 1850 through 1860, the Works built engines for a total of 49 vessels, and its engines were in use with American steamship companies from the United States to as far afield as China.

=== American Civil War, 1861–65 ===

File:Wachusett.jpg

The American Civil War began disastrously for Charles Morgan when the Confederacy seized his entire Gulf of Mexico fleet. In spite of this blow however, Morgan was to recover and profit handsomely from the war, mainly through the agency of the Morgan Iron Works.Baughman 1968. pp. 121–122.

The war created great demand for new shipping, and shipyards and engine manufacturers alike experienced an unprecedented boom. Like many other builders of marine engines, the Morgan Iron Works was to take full advantage of this demand, building engines for 38 vessels during the war, including 23 merchantmen and 13 warships for the U.S. Navy. The plant even found time to turn out an engine for an Italian Navy warship in this period, the Re Don Luige de Portogallo.Baughman 1968. p. 255. U.S. Navy warships fitted with Morgan Iron Works engines included {{USS|Ticonderoga|1863|6}}, {{USS|Ascutney}}, {{USS|Wachusett|1861|6}} and the experimental high-speed warship {{USS|Ammonoosuc|1864|6}}. The Works also contracted for the complete construction of the monitor {{USS|Onondaga|1864|6}}, although the hull was subcontracted out to another firm.

By the end of the war, the Morgan Works had grossed $2,275,991.10 ({{inflation|US|2275991.10|1865|fmt=eq}}) from its naval contracts alone. Morgan himself made further profits during the war by ordering ships from Harlan & Hollingsworth, which he then sold or chartered to the U.S. Navy.

= Sale to John Roach, 1867 =

After the war, the U.S. government auctioned off at firesale prices the hundreds of ships it had requisitioned during the conflict, depressing the market and leaving U.S. shipyards and marine engine builders with little or no work. As a consequence, most of the marine engine manufacturing companies of New York went out of business in the years immediately following the war.Baughman 1968. pp. 123–125. Two notable exceptions were the Morgan Iron Works, and the Etna Iron Works of John Roach.

Unlike his competitors, John Roach had been able to maintain his profits in the postwar period by diversifying his plant into the manufacture of machine tools and selling them to the U.S. Navy, which was in the process of upgrading its shipyards. By contrast, the Morgan Iron Works, like most other New York engine builders, had struggled in the postwar period, building only two engines in the two years following the war. It remained in business only because Morgan could afford to weather the losses, but in 1866 he suffered an additional financial setback when his newly established shipping lines to Mexico were aborted due to the overthrow of Maximilian I of Mexico.

John Roach meanwhile was planning to add shipbuilding to his engine building business, and he saw the Morgan Iron Works with its dockyard on the East River as a stepping stone toward this goal.Swann 1965. pp. 25–26 When in 1867 he offered to purchase the Morgan Works, Morgan was ready to sell, and the two agreed upon a price of $450,000 ({{inflation|US|450000|1867|fmt=eq}}), divided into a cash payment of $100,000 and two mortgages of $100,000 and $250,000.Swann 1965. p. 25. Roach would soon run into cash flow problems of his own and consequently defaulted on both mortgages; Morgan however chose not to foreclose and Roach settled the debts shortly before Morgan's death in 1878.

Roach ownership, 1867–1907

File:USS Dolphin PG-24.jpg

By securing the premises of the Morgan Iron Works and buying out his remaining competitors, Roach had established a near ship and engine building monopoly in New York. He subsequently closed his Etna Iron Works, transferring the best personnel and equipment from Etna and his former competitors' premises to his newly acquired East River property, and thus turned the Morgan Works into America's premier manufacturer of marine steam engines.Swann 1965. p. 26.

In 1871, Roach bought the failed shipyard of Reaney, Son & Archbold in Chester, Pennsylvania,Swann 1965. p. 51. thoroughly modernized it, renamed it the Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works,Swann 1965. p. 56. and turned it into America's largest and most prolific shipyard, a position it maintained until the mid-1880s.Swann 1965. p. 242. In spite of the fact that the Chester shipyard had its own engine building plant, Roach retained ownership of the Morgan Iron Works, using it to build engines both for his own ships and for third party contracts, and also for ship repairs and outfitting of new vessels. Roach in fact expanded the Works for its new role, adding upholsterers for the production of ship's furniture and expanding the plumbing department.Swann 1965. pp. 54–55. Additionally, he was able to use the Morgan Works to keep his business running during industrial action, when he would simply transfer his operations from one yard to the other. He retained the name of the Morgan Iron Works, but made it a subsidiary of a new management company, John Roach & Son (later John Roach & Sons).Swann 1965. p. 23.

After a costly political battle over a naval contract for the {{USS|Dolphin|PG-24|6}} in 1885, Roach, by now a terminally ill old man, retired and placed his business empire into receivership.Swann 1965. Chapter IX, also p. 227. Following the settlement of all his debts however, his family found themselves still in possession of both the Chester shipyard and the Morgan Iron Works. Roach's oldest surviving son, John Baker Roach, took over running of the business as a whole, while his younger son Stephen became treasurer of the Morgan Works.Swann 1965. pp. 235–236.

The brothers continued to run the business much as their father had done, although it lost the pre-eminent position it had previously enjoyed. With the death of John Baker Roach in 1908, the Roach family decided to end its association with shipbuilding, and both the Morgan Iron Works and the Chester shipyard were closed.Swann 1965. p. 236. The Morgan Works was converted into tenements, and in 1949, the locality where the Works had once stood was redeveloped into a low-rental housing project, the Jacob Riis Houses, which still exists today.[http://www.nyc.gov/html/nycha/html/developments/manriis.shtml Jacob Riis Houses], New York City Housing Authority.

Production tables

The following tables list marine engines built by T. F. Secor & Co. and the Morgan Iron Works to 1867. Few engines built under Roach management are listed as Roach had a second marine engine facility at Chester, Pennsylvania and available records generally do not distinguish between the output of the two plants.

Where a ship had more than one name, the names are listed chronologically in descending order, with two digits representing the last two digits of the year the rename took place (where known). Ship names in small type preceded or followed by an arrow (← →) indicate that the engine for this vessel was used in another ship.

=Merchant steamship and steamboat engines=

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"

|+ Merchant steamship engines built by T. F. Secor & Co. (1838–1850) and the Morgan Iron Works (Morgan/Quintard management, 1850–1867){{efn|Fields left blank in the table indicate that the information is unavailable or unknown.}}

colspan="5" scope="col" | Ship

! colspan="4" scope="col" | Engine(s)

! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Ship notes/references

scope="col" | Name{{efn|name=shipname|Name = ship name. Where the ship had more than one name in the course of its career, later names are listed chronologically in descending order, with each name followed by a two-digit number (in superscript) representing the last two digits of the year the rename took place, where known.}}

! scope="col" | Yr{{efn|name=shipyear|Yr = Year the ship was launched where known, otherwise, year the ship was completed or entered service.}}

! scope="col" | Builder

! scope="col" | Ton{{efn|name=shiptonnage|Ship tonnage.}}

! scope="col" | Owner{{efn|name=owner|Abbreviations in this column include: SBC - Steamboat Company; RRC - Railroad Company; SSC - Steamship Company; SNC - Steam Navigation Company; TC - Transportation Company; SPC - Steam Packet Company.}}

! scope="col" | Tp{{efn|name=enginetype|Tp = type of engine. Engine types include: VB = vertical beam (ie walking beam); HB = horizontal beam (Lighthall patent); ST = steeple; CH = crosshead; SL = side-lever; O =oscillating; V = vertical (ie vertical inverted direct-acting).}}

! scope="col" | No{{efn|name=enginenumber|No = number of engines.}}

! scope="col" | Cyl{{efn|name=cylinder|Cyl = cylinder size in inches.}}

! scope="col" | Str{{efn|name=enginestroke|Str = stroke of engine in feet.}}

style="text-align: left;" | Savannah

| 1838

| style="text-align: left;" |

| style="text-align: right;" | 305

| style="text-align: left;" | Troy Line

| VB

|

|

|

| style="text-align: left;" | Baughman 1968. p. 242.Dayton 1925. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015020219674?urlappend=%3Bseq=409 385].

style="text-align: left;" | Troy

| 1840

| style="text-align: left;" | William Capes

| style="text-align: right;" | 724

| style="text-align: left;" | Troy Line

| HB

| 2

| 44

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Dayton 1925. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015020219674?urlappend=%3Bseq=76 54].

style="text-align: left;" | Empire

| 1843

| style="text-align: left;" | William H. Brown

| style="text-align: right;" | 936

| style="text-align: left;" | Troy Line

| HB

| 2

| 48

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" |

style="text-align: left;" | Atlantic

| 1846

| style="text-align: left;" | Bishop & Simonson

| style="text-align: right;" | 1112

| style="text-align: left;" | Norwich & New London SBC

| VB

| 1

| 72

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Morrison 1903. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t0rr1r85p?urlappend=%3Bseq=338 328].

style="text-align: left;" | John Stevens

| 1846

| style="text-align: left;" | Robert L. Stevens

| style="text-align: right;" | 686

| style="text-align: left;" | Camden & Amboy RRC

| ST

| 1

| 75

| 8

| style="text-align: left;" | Early iron-hulled steamboat Morrison 1903. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t0rr1r85p?urlappend=%3Bseq=196 186].Dayton 1925. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015020219674?urlappend=%3Bseq=318 294].

style="text-align: left;" | Perry

| 1846

| style="text-align: left;" | Devine Burtis

| style="text-align: right;" | 255

| style="text-align: left;" |

| VB

| 1

| 36

| 9

| style="text-align: left;" |

style="text-align: left;" | Thomas Powell

| 1846

| style="text-align: left;" | Lawrence & Sneden

| style="text-align: right;" | 585

| style="text-align: left;" | Thomas Powell et al

| VB

| 1

| 48

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Broken up, Port Ewen, 1881.Dayton 1925. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015020219674?urlappend=%3Bseq=79 57].

style="text-align: left;" | T. F. Secor

| 1846

| style="text-align: left;" | Menemon Sanford

| style="text-align: right;" | 210

| style="text-align: left;" | Menemon Sanford

| VB

|

|

|

| style="text-align: left;" | Bradlee 1920. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015006389723?urlappend=%3Bseq=142 94].

style="text-align: left;" | Antelope

| 1847

| style="text-align: left;" | Bishop & Simonson

| style="text-align: right;" | 425

| style="text-align: left;" |

| VB

|

|

|

| style="text-align: left;" | "New York owners"Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=39 27].

style="text-align: left;" | New Orleans

| 1847

| style="text-align: left;" | William H. Brown

| style="text-align: right;" | 869

| style="text-align: left;" | Charles Morgan

| VB

| 1

| 55

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Baughman 1968. pp. 46, 242.

style="text-align: left;" | Crescent City

| 1848

| style="text-align: left;" | William H. Brown

| style="text-align: right;" | 1289

| style="text-align: left;" | Charles Morgan

| SL

| 1

| 80

| 9

| style="text-align: left;" | Baughman 1968. pp. 57, 242.

style="text-align: left;" | New World

| 1848

| style="text-align: left;" | William H. Brown

| style="text-align: right;" | 1312

| style="text-align: left;" | Isaac Newton

| VB

| 1

| 76

| 15

| style="text-align: left;" | Baughman 1968. pp. 55, 242.Heyl 1965. p. 217.

style="text-align: left;" | Ontario

| 1848

| style="text-align: left;" | Merrick

| style="text-align: right;" | 832

| style="text-align: left;" | American SBC

| VB

| 1

| 50

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Morrison 1903. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t0rr1r85p?urlappend=%3Bseq=392 382–383].

style="text-align: left;" | Queen City

| 1848

| style="text-align: left;" | Bidwell & Banta

| style="text-align: right;" | 906

| style="text-align: left;" | Charles M. Reed

| CH

|

|

|

| style="text-align: left;" | Heyl 1967. p. 233.

style="text-align: left;" | United States

| 1848

| style="text-align: left;" | William H. Webb

| style="text-align: right;" | 1875

| style="text-align: left;" | Charles H. Marshall et al

| SL

| 2

| 80

| 9

| style="text-align: left;" | {{nobreak|Early American transatlantic steamship}} Ridgely-Nevitt 1981. pp. 140–41.

style="text-align: left;" | Connecticut

| 1848

| style="text-align: left;" | Lawrence & Sneden

| style="text-align: right;" | 1129

| style="text-align: left;" | Curtis Peck

| VB

| 1

| 72

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Heyl 1965. p. 65.

style="text-align: left;" | Empire City

| 1849

| style="text-align: left;" | William H. Brown

| style="text-align: right;" | 1751

| style="text-align: left;" | Charles Morgan

| SL

| 1

| 75

| 9

| style="text-align: left;" | Heyl 1965. p. 141.

style="text-align: left;" | Georgia

| 1849

| style="text-align: left;" | Smith & Dimon

| style="text-align: right;" | 2727

| style="text-align: left;" | U.S. Mail SSC

| SL

| 2

| 90

| 8

| style="text-align: left;" | Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=189 177].

style="text-align: left;" | Goliah

| 1849

| style="text-align: left;" | William H. Webb

| align="right" |333

| style="text-align: left;" | Cornelius Vanderbilt

| VB

| 1

| 50

| 8

| style="text-align: left;" | NY tug; later a passenger steamer on the Pacific Coast Coman and Gibbs 1949. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=LpqaAAAAIAAJ&dq=tugboat+goliah&pg=PA107 107-108].

style="text-align: left;" | Ocean

| 1849

| style="text-align: left;" | M. Sanford

| style="text-align: right;" | 658

| style="text-align: left;" | Menemon Sanford et al

| VB

| 1

| 48

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | {{efn|Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=321 309]. Heyl erroneously names the builder as "Lawrence & Sandford", apparently confusing the builders with the owner. There was no such shipbuilder as "Lawrence & Sandford"; the builder was Lawrence & Sneden.}}

style="text-align: left;" | Ohio

| 1849

| style="text-align: left;" | Bishop & Simonson

| style="text-align: right;" | 2432

| style="text-align: left;" | U.S. Mail SSC

| SL

| 2

| 90

| 8

| style="text-align: left;" | Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=327 315–316].

{{ubl

| Gold Hunter

| {{ship|USCS|Active}} {{sup|52}}

}}

| 1849

| style="text-align: left;" | J. A. Westervelt

| style="text-align: right;" | 436

| style="text-align: left;" | William Skiddy

| SL

| 2

|

|

| style="text-align: left;" | Sent to California, later the U.S. Coast Survey ship Active Heyl 1965. pp. 121–124.

style="text-align: left;" | Boston

| 1850

| style="text-align: left;" | William H. Brown

| style="text-align: right;" | 630

| style="text-align: left;" | Menemon Sanford

| VB

| 1

| 44

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Last engine built by T. F. Secor & Co. New England passenger steamer, later USN Civil War transport; sunk by enemy fire, 1864 Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=73 61].

style="text-align: left;" | Louisiana

| 1850

| style="text-align: left;" | Westervelt & Mackay

| style="text-align: right;" | 1056

| style="text-align: left;" | Charles Morgan

| VB

| 1

| 56

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | First engine built by the Morgan Iron Works.Bishop 1868. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951001515599a?urlappend=%3Bseq=155 131]. Vessel burned and sank Galveston Bay 1857, 30-60 killed Baughman 1968. pp. 88, 105.

style="text-align: left;" | Prometheus

| 1850

| style="text-align: left;" | J. Simonson

| style="text-align: right;" | 1207

| style="text-align: left;" | Cornelius Vanderbilt

| VB

| 2

| 42

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | First oceangoing steamship fitted with walking beam engine Stiles 2010. pp. 189, 199-200.

{{ubl

| Reindeer

| {{small|→Perseverance}}

}}

| 1850

| style="text-align: left;" | Thomas Collyer

| style="text-align: right;" | 790

| style="text-align: left;" | New Brunswick SBC

| VB

| 1

| 56

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Sunk by boiler explosion and fire, Hudson R., 1852; 36 killed Heyl 1965. pp. 269–271.

style="text-align: left;" | St. Lawrence

| 1850

| style="text-align: left;" | William Collyer

| style="text-align: right;" | 588

| style="text-align: left;" |

| VB

| 1

| 44

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | {{cite web |url= https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1B031735372H3.73712&profile=ariall&uri=link=3100012~!318534~!3100001~!3100002&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=1&source=~!siartinventories&term=Architecture+--+Boat+--+St.+Lawrence&index=SUBJX |title= Steamer St. Lawrence, (painting) |author= |date= 2016 |website= Art Inventories Catalog |publisher= Smithsonian Institution |access-date= }}

style="text-align: left;" | Brother Jonathan

| 1851

| style="text-align: left;" | Perine, Patterson & Stack

| style="text-align: right;" | 1359

| style="text-align: left;" | Edward Mills

| VB

| 1

| 72

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Baughman 1968. p. 243. Struck and sank off Crescent City, CA, 1865; 221 killed Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=75 63–64].

{{ubl

| Mexico

| CSS General Bragg {{sup|62}}

| {{USS|General Bragg}} {{sup|62}}

| Mexico {{sup|65}}

}}

| 1851

| style="text-align: left;" | William Collyer

| style="text-align: right;" | 1043

| style="text-align: left;" | Charles Morgan

| VB

| 1

| 56

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Baughman 1968. pp. 119-120, 243. USN gunboat, 1862–65.{{cite web |url= https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/confederate_ships/general-bragg.html |title= General Bragg |author= |website= Naval History and Heritage Command |publisher= United States Navy |access-date= }} Sold foreign, 1870.Silverstone 1989. p. 162.

style="text-align: left;" | North American

| 1851

| style="text-align: left;" | Lawrence & Sneden

| style="text-align: right;" | 1440

| style="text-align: left;" | Cornelius Vanderbilt

| VB

| 1

| 60

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Sunk, 1852.Baughman 1968. pp. 70–71, 243.

style="text-align: left;" | Roanoke

| 1851

| style="text-align: left;" | Westervelt & Mackay

| style="text-align: right;" | 1071

| style="text-align: left;" | New York & Virginia SSC

| VB

| 2

| 42

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Seized by Confederacy and burned, 1864.Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=379 367].

style="text-align: left;" | Winfield Scott

| 1851

| style="text-align: left;" | Westervelt & Mackay

| style="text-align: right;" | 1291

| style="text-align: left;" | Davis, Brooks & Co

| SL

| 2

| 66

| 8

| style="text-align: left;" | Struck and sank off Anacapa Island, CA, 1853 Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=469 457].

{{ubl

| City of Hartford

| Capitol City {{sup|82}}

}}

| 1852

| style="text-align: left;" | Samuel Sneden

| style="text-align: right;" | 814

| style="text-align: left;" | Hartford & New York SBC

| VB

| 1

| 60

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Run aground and wrecked in Long Island Sound, 1888 Heyl 1967. pp. 55–57.

{{ubl

| Saratoga

| Cortes {{sup|52}}

}}

| 1852

| style="text-align: left;" | Westervelt & Mackay

| style="text-align: right;" | 1117

| style="text-align: left;" | Davis, Brooks & Co

| VB

| 2

| 42

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Destroyed by fire, Shanghai, China, 1865 Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=123 111-112].

style="text-align: left;" | Northern Indiana

| 1852

| style="text-align: left;" | Bidwell & Banta

| style="text-align: right;" | 1475

| style="text-align: left;" | Michigan Southern RRC

| VB

| 1

| 72

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Destroyed by fire 1856; 56 killed Heyl 1956. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193149?urlappend=%3Bseq=183 173].

{{ubl

| {{small|←Reindeer}} {{sup|50}}

| Perseverance

}}

| 1852

| style="text-align: left;" | J. A. Westervelt

| style="text-align: right;" | 827

| style="text-align: left;" | Charles Morgan

| VB

| 1

| 56

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Destroyed by fire at Indianola, Texas, 1856 Baughman 1968. pp. 88, 105, 243.Morrison 1903. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015023883906?urlappend=%3Bseq=124 110–111].

{{ubl

| Texas

| Quartz Rock {{sup|52}}

| Sierra Nevada {{sup|52}}

}}

| 1852

| style="text-align: left;" | William Collyer

| style="text-align: right;" | 1246

| style="text-align: left;" | Empire City Line

|

|

|

|

| style="text-align: left;" | Grounded and wrecked off San Simeon, CA, 1869 Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=403 391–392].

{{ubl

| Southern Michigan

| {{small|→Thomas Cornell}}

}}

| 1852

| style="text-align: left;" | Bidwell & Banta

| style="text-align: right;" | 1470

| style="text-align: left;" | Michigan Southern RRC

| VB

| 1

| 72

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Laid up, 1857; scrapped 1863 Heyl 1956. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193149?urlappend=%3Bseq=251 241].

{{ubl

| Crescent City

| {{small|→Morning Star}}

}}

| 1853

| style="text-align: left;" | Vincent Bidwell

| style="text-align: right;" | 1746

| style="text-align: left;" | Dean Richmond et al

| VB

| 1

| 80

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Laid up, 1857; scrapped 1863 Heyl 1956. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193149?urlappend=%3Bseq=73 63].

{{ubl

| George Law

| {{SS|Central America}} {{sup|57}}

}}

| 1853

| style="text-align: left;" | William H. Webb

| style="text-align: right;" | 2141

| style="text-align: left;" | U.S. Mail SSC

| O

| 2

| 65

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Foundered and sank in hurricane; 420 killed Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=183 171–172].

{{ubl

| Golden Age

| Hiroshima Maru {{sup|75}}

}}

| 1853

| style="text-align: left;" | William H. Brown

| style="text-align: right;" | 2281

| style="text-align: left;" | New York & Australia SNC

| VB

| 1

| 83

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | In service until about 1890 Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=195 183–184].

style="text-align: left;" | Granite State

| 1853

| style="text-align: left;" | Samuel Sneden

| style="text-align: right;" | 887

| style="text-align: left;" | Chester W. Chapin

| VB

| 1

| 52

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Destroyed by fire, 1883 Heyl 1964. pp. 167–168.

{{ubl

| Jamestown

| {{nobreak|CSS Thomas Jefferson {{sup|61}}}}

}}

| 1853

| style="text-align: left;" | J. A. Westervelt

| style="text-align: right;" | 1300

| style="text-align: left;" | NY & Virginia SSC

| VB

| 2

| 40

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Sunk by the Confederacy to make an obstruction in the James River, 1862 Heyl 1964. pp. 195–196.

style="text-align: left;" | Josephine

| 1853

| style="text-align: left;" |

| style="text-align: right;" | 552

| style="text-align: left;" |

| VB

| 2

| 40

| 14

| style="text-align: left;" |

style="text-align: left;" | San Francisco

| 1853

| style="text-align: left;" | William H. Webb

| style="text-align: right;" | 2272

| style="text-align: left;" | Pacific Mail SSC

| O

| 2

| 65

| 8

| style="text-align: left;" | Scuttled after engine failure during storm on maiden voyage, 1854; 195 killed Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=391 379–380].

{{ubl

| Charles Morgan

| {{ship|CSS|Governor Moore}} {{sup|62}}

}}

| 1854

| style="text-align: left;" | Westervelt & Son

| style="text-align: right;" | 1215

| style="text-align: left;" | Charles Morgan

| VB

| 1

| 60

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Exploded during Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, 1862 {{cite web |url= https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/confederate_ships/governor-moore.html |title= Governor Moore |author= |date= 2014-04-01 |website= Naval History and Heritage Command |publisher= United States Navy |access-date= }}

style="text-align: left;" | Nautilus

| 1854

| style="text-align: left;" |

| style="text-align: right;" | 898

| style="text-align: left;" | Charles Morgan

| VB

| 1

| 44

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Wrecked on Last Island, LA in hurricane, 1856; 20 killed Baughman 1968. pp. 105, 243.

style="text-align: left;" | Orizaba

| 1854

| style="text-align: left;" | J. A. Westervelt

| style="text-align: right;" | 1335

| style="text-align: left;" | Charles Morgan

| VB

| 1

| 65

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Scrapped, 1887 Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=339 327–328].

style="text-align: left;" | Sonora

| 1854

| style="text-align: left;" | J. A. Westervelt

| style="text-align: right;" | 1616

| style="text-align: left;" | Pacific Mail SSC

| VB

| 2

| 50

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Scrapped, 1868 Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=407 395].

style="text-align: left;" | St. Louis

| 1854

| style="text-align: left;" | J. A. Westervelt

| style="text-align: right;" | 1621

| style="text-align: left;" | Pacific Mail SSC

| VB

| 2

| 50

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Dismantled at Panama, 1878 Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=387 375–376].

style="text-align: left;" | {{PS|Commonwealth|1854|2}}

| 1855

| style="text-align: left;" | Lawrence & Foulks

| style="text-align: right;" | 1732

| style="text-align: left;" | Norwich & New London SBC

| VB

| 1

| 76

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Destroyed by fire at Groton, CT, 1865 Dayton 1925. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015020219674?urlappend=%3Bseq=187 163]. "[T]he great boat of Long Island Sound in the '50s."

style="text-align: left;" | Island Home

| 1855

| style="text-align: left;" | E. S. Whitlock

| style="text-align: right;" | 481

| style="text-align: left;" | {{nobreak|Nantucket & Cape Cod SBC}}

| VB

| 2

| 40

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Converted to barge, 1896–97; sunk in NY Harbor, 1902 Silka 2006. p. [http://cnrs-scrn.org/northern_mariner/vol16/tnm_16_2_15-52.pdf 43].Heyl 1965. pp. 137–139.

style="text-align: left;" | Christoval Colon

| 1856

| style="text-align: left;" | Sneden & Whitlock

| style="text-align: right;" | 450

| style="text-align: left;" |

| VB

| 1

| 48

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Built for Cuban service {{cite magazine |date= Jan 1857 |title= Particulars of the Steamer Christoval Colon |url= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x001801686?urlappend=%3Bseq=69 |magazine= Journal of the Franklin Institute for the State of Pennsylvania |volume= LXIII |location= Philadelphia, PA |publisher= The Franklin Institute |page= 57|hdl= 2027/uva.x001801686?urlappend=%3Bseq=69 }}

{{ubl

| Everglade

| {{ship|CSS|Savannah|gunboat|6}} {{sup|61}}

| Oconee {{sup|63}}

}}

| 1856

| style="text-align: left;" | Sneden & Whitlock

| style="text-align: right;" | 406

| style="text-align: left;" | "Capt. Coxatter"

| O

| 1

| 32

| 8

| style="text-align: left;" | Built for Florida service{{cite magazine |author= |title= Ship-Building in New York for 1856 |url= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433069076853?urlappend=%3Bseq=398 |magazine= The U.S. Nautical Magazine and Naval Journal |location= New York |volume= V |issue= 5 |publisher= Oliver W. Griffiths |date= Feb 1857|hdl= 2027/nyp.33433069076853?urlappend=%3Bseq=398 }}{{cite magazine |date= Jan 1857 |title= Particulars of the Steamer Everglade |url= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x001801686?urlappend=%3Bseq=67 |magazine= Journal of the Franklin Institute for the State of Pennsylvania |volume= LXIII |location= Philadelphia, PA |publisher= The Franklin Institute |page= 55|hdl= 2027/uva.x001801686?urlappend=%3Bseq=67 }} before conversion to gunboat. Foundered in bad weather, 1863.{{cite web |url= https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/confederate_ships/savannah.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190721091317/https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/confederate_ships/savannah.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= July 21, 2019 |title= Savannah |author= |website= Naval History and Heritage Command |publisher= United States Navy |access-date= }}

style="text-align: left;" | Fulton

| 1856

| style="text-align: left;" | Smith & Dimon

| style="text-align: right;" | 2307

| style="text-align: left;" | Havre Line

| O

| 2

| 65

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Scrapped, 1870 Ridgely-Nevitt 1981. pp. 182–185, 299.

style="text-align: left;" | Eastern Queen

| 1857

| style="text-align: left;" | John Englis

| style="text-align: right;" | 695

| style="text-align: left;" |

| VB

| 1

| 48

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" |

style="text-align: left;" | Independence

| 1857

| style="text-align: left;" | Samuel Sneden

| style="text-align: right;" | 354

| style="text-align: left;" | Capt. Ezra Nye

| VB

| 2

| 32

| 8

| style="text-align: left;" | "[F]or towing in the harbor of Valparaiso, S. A."

style="text-align: left;" | Yangtsze

| 1857

| style="text-align: left;" | Thomas Collyer

| style="text-align: right;" | 1003

| style="text-align: left;" | Russell & Co

| O

| 2

| 38

| 8

| style="text-align: left;" | Built for Chinese service; employed in the opium trade Morrison 1903. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t0rr1r85p?urlappend=%3Bseq=519 509].

{{ubl

| City of Buffalo

| {{small|→Morro Castle}} {{sup|63}}

}}

| 1857

| Bidwell & Banta

| style="text-align: right;" | 2026

| Michigan Southern RRC

| VB

| 1

| 76

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Laid up, 1857–63; bulk freight carrier, 1864; tow barge, 1866; abandoned 1875 Heyl 1965. pp. 37–40.

{{ubl

| Huntsville

| {{USS|Huntsville|1857|6}} {{sup|61}}

| Huntsville {{sup|65}}

}}

| 1858

| style="text-align: left;" | J. A. Westervelt

| style="text-align: right;" | 817

| style="text-align: left;" | H. B. Cromwell & Co

| V

| 1

| 56

| 4

| style="text-align: left;" | Destroyed by fire, 1877 Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=227 215–216].{{cite news |author= |title= Launched during the year 1857 |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1858/01/15/78522887.pdf |work= The New York Times |date= 1858-01-15 |access-date= }}

{{ubl

| Montgomery

| {{USS|Montgomery|1858|6}}

| Montgomery {{sup|65}}

}}

| 1858

| style="text-align: left;" | J. A. Westervelt

| style="text-align: right;" | 787

| style="text-align: left;" | H. B. Cromwell & Co

| V

| 1

| 56

| 4

| style="text-align: left;" | Sunk in collision, 1877; 13 killed Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=277 265–266].

style="text-align: left;" | Ocean Queen

| 1858

| style="text-align: left;" | J. A. Westervelt

| style="text-align: right;" | 2801

| style="text-align: left;" | Morgan & Garrison

| VB

| 1

| 90

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Scrapped, 1875 Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=323 311–312].

style="text-align: left;" | Alabama

| 1859

| style="text-align: left;" | Samuel Sneden

| style="text-align: right;" | 510

| style="text-align: left;" |

| VB

| 1

| 50

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Silka 2006. [http://cnrs-scrn.org/northern_mariner/vol16/tnm_16_2_15-52.pdf p. 46].

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|De Soto|1859|2}}

| 1859

| style="text-align: left;" | Lawrence & Foulks

| style="text-align: right;" | 1600

| style="text-align: left;" | Livingston, Crocheron & Co

| VB

| 1

| 65

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Baughman 1968. p. 244. USN gunboat, 1861-68. Destroyed by fire S. of New Orleans, 1870

style="text-align: left;" | John Brooks

| 1859

| style="text-align: left;" | Samuel Sneden

| style="text-align: right;" | 780

| style="text-align: left;" | Naugatuck TC

| VB

| 1

| 56

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Broken up about 1897 Heyl 1964. pp. 197–199.

style="text-align: left;" | Peiho

| 1859

| style="text-align: left;" | Thomas Collyer

| style="text-align: right;" | 1113

| style="text-align: left;" | Russell & Co

| O

| 1

| 52

| 8

| style="text-align: left;" | Built for China service Morrison 1903. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t0rr1r85p?urlappend=%3Bseq=520 510].

style="text-align: left;" | White Cloud

| 1859

| style="text-align: left;" | Thomas Collyer

| style="text-align: right;" | 520

| style="text-align: left;" |

| VB

| 1

| 44

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Built for China service

{{ubl

| Yorktown

| {{ship|CSS|Patrick Henry}} {{sup|61}}

}}

| 1859

| style="text-align: left;" | William H. Webb

| style="text-align: right;" | 1403

| style="text-align: left;" | NY & Virginia SSC

| VB

| 1

| 50

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Burned and scuttled by Confederacy to prevent capture, James River, 1865 {{efn|Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=477 465–466]. Heyl incorrectly lists the launch date of this vessel as 1853; in fact it was 1859.}}

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|Bienville2}}

| 1860

| style="text-align: left;" | Lawrence & Foulks

| style="text-align: right;" | 1558

| style="text-align: left;" | Livingston, Crocheron & Co

| VB

| 1

| 68

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | USN gunboat, 1861-65. Destroyed by fire at sea off Bahamas, 1872; 41 killed

style="text-align: left;" | Flushing

| 1860

| style="text-align: left;" | Samuel Sneden

| style="text-align: right;" | 333

| style="text-align: left;" |

| VB

| 1

| 36

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" |

{{ubl

| John P. King

| Eagle {{sup|61}}

| {{USS|Rhode Island|1860|6}} {{sup|61}}

| Charleston {{sup|67}}

}}

| 1860

| style="text-align: left;" | J. A. Westervelt

| style="text-align: right;" | 1517

| style="text-align: left;" | Spofford, Tileston & Co

| VB

| 1

| 71

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Laid up, 1885; disappears from registers 1891 Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=87 75–76].

style="text-align: left;" | Peruano

| 1860

| style="text-align: left;" | J. A. Westervelt

| style="text-align: right;" | 570

| style="text-align: left;" |

| VB

| 1

| 44

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" |

{{ubl

| William G. Hewes

| Ella and Annie {{sup|62}}

| {{USS|Malvern|1860|6}} {{sup|63}}

| William G. Hewes {{sup|65}}

}}

| 1860

| style="text-align: left;" | Harlan & Hollingsworth

| style="text-align: right;" | 747

| style="text-align: left;" | Charles Morgan

| VB

| 1

| 50

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Wrecked on Colorado Reef off coast of Cuba, 1895 Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=249 237–238].

style="text-align: left;" | Zouave

| 1860

| style="text-align: left;" | John Englis

| style="text-align: right;" | 750

| style="text-align: left;" |

| VB

| 1

| 50

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" |

style="text-align: left;" | Continental

| 1861

| style="text-align: left;" | Samuel Sneden

| style="text-align: right;" | 686

| style="text-align: left;" | New Haven SBC

| VB

| 1

| 70

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Barge, 1902; later broken up Heyl 1964. pp. 101–102.

{{ubl

| Cosmopolitan

| Havana

| Paul Koch

| Edmund Butler

}}

| 1861

| style="text-align: left;" | John Englis

| style="text-align: right;" | 774

| style="text-align: left;" | Sanford's Independent Line

| VB

| 1

| 50

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Still in service 1903 Morrison 1903. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t0rr1r85p?urlappend=%3Bseq=517 507].

style="text-align: left;" | Hankow

| 1861

| style="text-align: left;" | Thomas Collyer

| style="text-align: right;" | 725

| style="text-align: left;" |

| VB

| 1

| 48

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Chinese service

{{ubl

| Mary Benton

| Walter Brett {{sup|66}}

}}

| 1861

| style="text-align: left;" | G.E. & W.H. Goodspeed

| style="text-align: right;" | 365

| style="text-align: left;" | Hartford & Long Island SBC

| VB

| 1

| 44

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Scrapped, 1897 Heyl 1964. pp. 219–220.

style="text-align: left;" | New Brunswick

| 1861

| style="text-align: left;" | John Englis

| style="text-align: right;" | 804

| style="text-align: left;" | Portland SPC

| VB

| 1

| 48

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Morrison 1903. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t0rr1r85p?urlappend=%3Bseq=408 398].

{{ubl

| Mississippi

| South America {{sup|61}}

| {{USS|Connecticut|1861|6}} {{sup|61}}

| South America {{sup|65}}

}}

| 1861

| style="text-align: left;" | William H. Webb

| style="text-align: right;" | 2150

| style="text-align: left;" | NY & Savannah SNC

| VB

| 1

| 80

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Laid up, 1875; presumed scrapped Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=409 397].

style="text-align: left;" | Chekiang

| 1862

| style="text-align: left;" | Henry Steers

| style="text-align: right;" | 1264

| style="text-align: left;" |

| VB

| 1

| 70

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | China service. Destroyed by fire at Hankow, 1865 Morrison 1903. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t0rr1r85p?urlappend=%3Bseq=521 511].

style="text-align: left;" | Fohkien

| 1862

| style="text-align: left;" | Henry Steers

| style="text-align: right;" | 1947

| style="text-align: left;" | J. M. Forbes

| VB

| 1

| 81

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Reconditioned engine originally from St. Lawrence. Fast passage to China, 1863. Struck and sank off Chinese coast, 1865 Heyl 1967. p. 87.Morrison 1903. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t0rr1r85p?urlappend=%3Bseq=520 510–511].

{{ubl

| New England

| City of Portland {{sup|72}}

}}

| 1862

| style="text-align: left;" | John Englis

| style="text-align: right;" | 852

| style="text-align: left;" | International SSC

| VB

| 1

| 52

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Ran aground and wrecked, 1884 Dayton 1925. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015020219674?urlappend=%3Bseq=307 283–284].

{{ubl

| {{small|←Crescent City}} {{sup|53}}

| Morning Star

}}

| 1863

| style="text-align: left;" | Roosevelt & Joyce

| style="text-align: right;" | 2022

| style="text-align: left;" | New York Mail SSC

| VB

| 1

| 80

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Laid up 1867; broken up 1872 Ridgely-Nevitt 1981. pp. 301–306.

style="text-align: left;" | Western Metropolis

| 1863

| style="text-align: left;" | F. D. Tucker

| style="text-align: right;" | 2269

| style="text-align: left;" | L. Brown

| VB

| 1

| 74

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Built for transatlantic service. Converted to sail, 1878 {{efn|According to Heyl, the engine for this ship was originally installed in the Lake Erie steamer Empire State, then in the Lake Erie steamer Western Metropolis in 1856, before being installed in the 1863 Western Metropolis.Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=455 443]. Since Baughman lists neither Empire State nor the Lake Erie Western Metropolis among the vessels powered by Morgan Iron Works engines,Baughman 1968. pp. 242–244. presumably the engine listed here was a rebuild by the Morgan Works of another company's engine.}}

style="text-align: left;" | Gen. J. K. Barnes

| 1864

| style="text-align: left;" | Lawrence & Foulks

| style="text-align: right;" | 1365

| style="text-align: left;" | Atlantic Coast Mail SSC

| VB

| 1

| 60

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Sank in hurricane, 1878 Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=173 161].

{{ubl

| Retribution

| Golden Rule {{sup|63}}

}}

| 1863

| style="text-align: left;" | Henry Steers

| style="text-align: right;" | 2767

| style="text-align: left;" | Marshall O. Roberts

| VB

| 1

| 81

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Wrecked on Roncador Reef, Gulf of Mexico, 1865 Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=201 189–190].

style="text-align: left;" | Herman Livingston

| 1864

| style="text-align: left;" | Lawrence & Foulks

| style="text-align: right;" | 1314

| style="text-align: left;" | Atlantic Coast Mail SSC

| VB

| 1

| 60

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Scrapped after 1878 Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=219 207].

style="text-align: left;" | Oriflamme

| 1864

| style="text-align: left;" | Lawrence & Foulks

| style="text-align: right;" | 1204

| style="text-align: left;" | U.S. Navy

| VB

| 1

| 60

| 10

| style="text-align: left;" | Built for Civil War service but sold on completion. Scrapped, 1890 Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=337 325].

style="text-align: left;" | Albermarle

| 1865

| style="text-align: left;" | Lawrence & Foulks

| style="text-align: right;" | 871

| style="text-align: left;" | Atlantic Coast Mail SSC

| VB

| 1

| 44

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Barge 82; schooner 83; sunk in squall 85 Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=25 13].

style="text-align: left;" | Hatteras

| 1865

| style="text-align: left;" | Lawrence & Foulks

| style="text-align: right;" | 868

| style="text-align: left;" | Atlantic Coast Mail SSC

| VB

| 1

| 44

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Schooner barge 1882 Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=211 199].

style="text-align: left;" | Manhattan

| 1865

| style="text-align: left;" | Lawrence & Foulks

| style="text-align: right;" | 1337

| style="text-align: left;" | American & Mexican SSC

| VB

| 1

| 66

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Sunk, 1882 Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=251 239].

{{ubl

| Paon Shun

| Nevada {{sup|66}}

| Saikio Maru {{sup|75}}

}}

| 1865

| style="text-align: left;" | J. Simonson

| style="text-align: right;" | 1691

| style="text-align: left;" | T. W. Dearborn

| VB

| 1

| 85

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Scrapped on or after 1885 {{efn|Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=299 287–288]. Heyl notes that the spelling of Saikio in the last name recorded for this ship is uncertain.}}

{{ubl

| New York

| Tokio Maru {{sup|75}}

}}

| 1865

| style="text-align: left;" | J. Simonson

| style="text-align: right;" | 2217

| style="text-align: left;" | Cornelius Vanderbilt

| VB

| 1

| 78

| 12

| style="text-align: left;" | Scrapped, 1880s Heyl 1953. pp. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=307 295–296].

style="text-align: left;" | Raleigh

| 1865

| style="text-align: left;" | Lawrence & Foulks

| style="text-align: right;" | 868

| style="text-align: left;" | Atlantic Coast Mail SSC

| VB

| 1

| 44

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Destroyed by fire off Charleston, SC, 1867; 24 killed Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=369 357].

style="text-align: left;" | Rapidan

| 1865

| style="text-align: left;" | Lawrence & Foulks

| style="text-align: right;" | 868

| style="text-align: left;" | Atlantic Coast Mail SSC

| VB

| 1

| 44

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Disappeared en route to West Indies, 1886 Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=371 359].

style="text-align: left;" | Vera Cruz

| 1865

| style="text-align: left;" | Lawrence & Foulks

| style="text-align: right;" | 1340

| style="text-align: left;" | American & Mexican SSC

| VB

| 1

| 66

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Struck and sank near Oregon Inlet, 1866 Heyl 1953. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024193131?urlappend=%3Bseq=449 437].

style="text-align: left;" | Villa Clara

| 1866

| style="text-align: left;" |

| style="text-align: right;" | 1095

| style="text-align: left;" |

| VB

| 1

| 52

| 4

| style="text-align: left;" |

style="text-align: left;" | Cambridge

| 1867

| style="text-align: left;" | John Englis & Son

| style="text-align: right;" | 1337

| style="text-align: left;" | Sanford Line

| VB

| 1

| 60

| 11

| style="text-align: left;" | Wrecked off Georges Island, MA, 1886 Dayton 1925. p. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015020219674?urlappend=%3Bseq=292 268].

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+ Merchant steamship engines built by the Morgan Iron Works under Roach management (1867–1908){{efn|Few engines built under Roach management are listed as Roach had a second marine engine facility at Chester, Pennsylvania and records generally do not distinguish between the output of the two plants.}}

colspan="5" scope="col" | Ship

! colspan="4" scope="col" | Engine(s)

! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Ship notes/references

scope="col" | Name{{efn|name=shipname}}

! scope="col" | Yr{{efn|name=shipyear}}

! scope="col" | Builder

! scope="col" | Ton{{efn|name=shiptonnage}}

! scope="col" | Owner{{efn|name=owner}}

! scope="col" | Tp{{efn|name=enginetype}}

! scope="col" | No{{efn|name=enginenumber}}

! scope="col" | Cyl{{efn|name=cylinder}}

! scope="col" | Str{{efn|name=enginestroke}}

style="text-align: left;" | Pilgrim

| 1881

| style="text-align: left;" | Delaware Works

| style="text-align: right;" |

| style="text-align: left;" | Old Colony SBC

| VB

| 1

| 110

| 14

| Largest simple (single-cylinder) walking beam engine ever constructed. Ship laid up 1912, broken up 1920.{{cite magazine |last= Covell |first= William King |date= 1933-11-20 |title= Steamboats on Narragansett Bay |url= https://archive.org/stream/bulletinofnewpor10newp#page/n172/mode/1up |journal= Bulletin of the Newport Historical Society |location= Newport, RI |issue= 90 |pages= 31–33 |access-date= }}

=Warship engines=

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+ U.S. Navy warship engines built by the Morgan Iron Works (Morgan management)

colspan="6" scope="col" | Ship

! colspan="5" scope="col" | Engine(s)

scope="col" | Name

! scope="col" | Type

! scope="col" | Class

! scope="col" | Built

! scope="col" | Builder

! scope="col" | {{abbr|Disp|Displacement}}

! scope="col" | Type{{efn|Type = engine type.}}

! scope="col" | No{{efn|name=enginenumber}}

! scope="col" | Cyl{{efn|name=cylinder}}

! scope="col" | Str{{efn|name=enginestroke}}

! scope="col" | IHP

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|Seminole|1859|6}}

| style="text-align: left;" | Screw sloop

| Narragansett

| 1859

| style="text-align: left;" | Pensacola Navy Yard

| style="text-align: right;" | 1235

| {{abbr|HBA|horizontal back-acting}}

| 2

| 50

| 2.6

| 250

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|Chippewa|1861|6}}

| style="text-align: left;" | Screw gunboat

| style="text-align: left;" | Unadilla

| 1861

| style="text-align: left;" | William H. Webb

| style="text-align: right;" | 691

| HBA

| 2

| 30

| 1.6

|

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|Katahdin|1861|6}}

| style="text-align: left;" | Screw gunboat

| style="text-align: left;" | Unadilla

| 1861

| style="text-align: left;" | Larrabee & Allen

| style="text-align: right;" | 691

| HBA

| 2

| 30

| 1.6

|

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|Kineo|1861|6}}

| style="text-align: left;" | Screw gunboat

| style="text-align: left;" | Unadilla

| 1861

| style="text-align: left;" | J. W. Dyer

| style="text-align: right;" | 691

| HBA

| 2

| 30

| 1.6

|

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|Mahaska|1861|6}}

| style="text-align: left;" | Double-end gunboat

| style="text-align: left;" | Sebago

| 1861

| style="text-align: left;" | Portsmouth Navy Yard

| style="text-align: right;" | 1070

| {{abbr|IDA|inclined direct-acting}}

| 1

| 44

| 7

|

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|Wachusett|1861|6}}

| style="text-align: left;" | Screw sloop

| style="text-align: left;" | Iroquois

| 1861

| style="text-align: left;" | Boston Navy Yard

| style="text-align: right;" | 1488

| HBA

| 2

| 50

| 2.6

| 1202

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|Ticonderoga|1862|6}}

| style="text-align: left;" | Screw sloop

| style="text-align: left;" | Lackawanna

| 1862

| style="text-align: left;" | Brooklyn Navy Yard

| style="text-align: right;" | 2526

| HBA

| 2

| 42

| 2.6

| 1300

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|Tioga|1862|6}}

| style="text-align: left;" | Double-end gunboat

| style="text-align: left;" | Genesee

| 1862

| style="text-align: left;" | Boston Navy Yard

| style="text-align: right;" | 1120

| IDA

| 1

| 48

| 7

|

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|Ascutney6}}

| style="text-align: left;" | Double-end gunboat

| style="text-align: left;" | Sassacus

| 1863

| style="text-align: left;" | George W. Jackman Jr.

| style="text-align: right;" | 1173

| IDA

| 1

| 58

| 8.9

|

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|Chenango|1863|6}}

| style="text-align: left;" | Double-end gunboat

| style="text-align: left;" | Sassacus

| 1863

| style="text-align: left;" | J. Simonson

| style="text-align: right;" | 1173

| IDA

| 1

| 58

| 8.9

|

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|Onondaga|1863|6}}

| style="text-align: left;" | Monitor

| style="text-align: left;" | Unique

| 1863

| style="text-align: left;" | Continental Iron Works

| style="text-align: right;" | 2592

| HBA

| 4

|

|

| 642

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|Ammonoosuc|1864|6}}

| style="text-align: left;" | Cruiser

| style="text-align: left;" | Ammonoosuc

| 1864

| style="text-align: left;" | Boston Navy Yard

| style="text-align: right;" | 3850

| {{abbr|HGDA|horizontal geared direct-acting}}

| 2

| 100

| 4

| 4480

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|Muscoota6}}

| style="text-align: left;" | Double-end gunboat

| style="text-align: left;" | Mohongo

| 1864

| style="text-align: left;" | Continental Iron Works

| style="text-align: right;" | 1370

| IDA

| 1

| 58

| 8.9

|

style="text-align: left;" | {{USS|Idaho|1864|6}}

| style="text-align: left;" | Cruiser

| style="text-align: left;" | Unique

| 1864

| style="text-align: left;" | Henry Steers

| style="text-align: right;" | 3241

| {{abbr|GS|geared screw}}

| 2

|

|

|

== Footnotes ==

{{notelist}}

References

{{reflist|2}}

=Bibliography=

====Books====

  • {{cite book |title= Charles Morgan and the Development of Southern Transportation |last= Baughman |first= James P. |date= 1968 |publisher= Vanderbilt University Press |location= Nashville, TN |pages= 46, 55, 57, 70–71, 88, 105, 242–244 }}
  • {{cite book |last= Bishop |first= J. Leander |date= 1868 |title= A History of American Manufactures From 1608 to 1860 |volume= III |location= Philadelphia |publisher= Edward Young & Co. |page= [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951001515599a?urlappend=%3Bseq=155 131] }}
  • {{cite book |title= Some Account of Steam Navigation in New England |last= Bradlee |first= Francis B. C. |year= 1920 |publisher= The Essex Institute |location= Salem, MA |page= 94 }}
  • {{cite book |title= Time, Tide and Timber: A Century of Pope and Talbot |last1= Coman |first1= Edwin Truman Jr |last2= Gibbs |first2= Helen Marilla |date= 1949 |publisher= Stanford University Press |location= Stanford, CA |pages= 107–108 }}
  • {{cite book |title=Steamboat Days |last=Dayton |first=Fred Erving |year=1925 |publisher=Frederick A. Stokes Company |location=New York |pages= 54, 57, 163, 268, 283–284, 294, 385}}
  • {{cite book |title=Early American Steamers |last=Heyl |first=Erik |author-link= Erik Heyl |date= 1953 |volume= I |publisher=Erik Heyl |location=Buffalo, New York |pages= 13, 27, 61, 63–64, 75–76, 111–112, 161, 171–172, 177, 183–184, 189–190, 199, 207, 215–216, 237–238, 239, 265–266, 287–288, 295–296, 309, 311–312, 315–316, 325, 327–328, 357, 359, 367, 375–376, 379–380, 391–392, 395, 397, 437, 443, 457, 465–466}}
  • {{cite book |title=Early American Steamers |last=Heyl |first=Erik |date= 1956 |volume= II |publisher=Erik Heyl |location=Buffalo, New York |pages= 63, 173, 241}}
  • {{cite book |title=Early American Steamers |last=Heyl |first=Erik |date= 1964 |volume= III |publisher=Erik Heyl |location=Buffalo, New York |pages= 101–102, 167–168, 195–196, 197–199, 219–220}}
  • {{cite book |title=Early American Steamers |last=Heyl |first=Erik |date= 1965 |volume= IV |publisher=Erik Heyl |location=Buffalo, New York |pages= 37–40, 65, 121–124, 137–139, 141, 217, 269–271}}
  • {{cite book |title=Early American Steamers |last=Heyl |first=Erik |date= 1967 |volume= V |publisher=Erik Heyl |location=Buffalo, New York |pages= 55–57, 87, 233}}
  • {{cite book |title=History of American Steam Navigation |last=Morrison |first=John H. |year=1903 |publisher=Stephen Daye Press |location=New York |pages= 110–111, 186, 328, 382–383, 398, 507, 509–511}}
  • {{cite book |title= American Steamships on the Atlantic |last= Ridgely-Nevitt |first= Cedric |date= 1981 |publisher= Associated University Presses, Inc |location= East Brunswick, NJ |isbn= 0874131405 |pages= 140–141, 182–185, 299, 301–306 }}
  • {{cite book |title= Warships of the Civil War Navies |last= Silverstone |first= Paul H. |date= 1989 |publisher= Naval Institute Press |location= Annapolis, MD |isbn= 0870217836 |page= 162 }}
  • {{cite book |title= The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt |last= Stiles |first= T. J. |author-link= T. J. Stiles |date= 2010 |publisher= First Vintage Books |location= New York |isbn= 9781400031740 |pages= 188, 189–190 }}
  • {{cite book |title= John Roach, Maritime Entrepreneur: The Years as Naval Contractor 1862–1886 |last= Swann |first= Leonard Alexander Jr |date= 1965 |publisher= United States Naval Institute (reprinted 1980 by Ayer Publishing) |isbn= 9780405130786 |pages= 23–26, 51, 54–56, 242, 227, 235–236}}

====Periodicals====

  • {{cite journal |last= Covell |first= William King |date= 1933-11-20 |title= Steamboats on Narragansett Bay |url= https://archive.org/stream/bulletinofnewpor10newp#page/n172/mode/1up |journal= Bulletin of the Newport Historical Society |location= Newport, RI |issue= 90 |pages= 31–33 |access-date= }}
  • {{cite book |editor1-first=John F. |editor1-last=Frazer |title=Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania |series=3 |volume=XXXIII, Whole No. LXIII |year=1857 |publisher=Franklin Institute |location=Philadelphia, PA |pages=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x001801686?urlappend=%3Bseq=67 55], [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x001801686?urlappend=%3Bseq=69 57] }}
  • {{cite book |title=The U.S. Nautical Magazine and Naval Journal |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor1-first=Oliver W. |date= Oct 1856 – Mar 1857 |publisher=Oliver W. Griffiths |location=New York |page=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433069076853?urlappend=%3Bseq=398e 384] }}
  • {{cite magazine |last= Silka |first= Henry |date= 2006 |title= Shipbuilding and the Nascent Community of Greenpoint, 1850–1855 |url= https://www.cnrs-scrn.org/northern_mariner/vol16/tnm_16_2_15-52.pdf |magazine= The Northern Mariner |location= Ottawa, Ontario |publisher= Canadian Nautical Research Society |pages= 43, 46 }}
  • The New York Times

====Websites====

  • [https://www.history.navy.mil/ Naval History and Heritage Command.] United States Navy.

{{John Roach & Sons}}

Category:History of New York City

Category:American companies established in 1838

Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1838

Category:John Roach & Sons

Category:Defunct marine engineering companies of New York City

Category:Defunct shipbuilding companies of the United States

Category:Manufacturing companies based in New York City

Category:1838 establishments in New York (state)