Mount Crawford (South Australia)

{{Infobox mountain

| name = Mount Crawford

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| photo = Mount Crawford Forest.jpg

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| photo_caption = Mount Crawford (centre right) from Tower Hill, looking east

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| elevation_m = 526

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| location = South Australia, Australia

| map = South Australia

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| coordinates = {{coord|34|41|51.8|S|138|58|1.056|E|display=inline,title}}

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Mount Crawford is a hill in the locality also named Mount Crawford in South Australia approximately {{convert|15|km}} north of Birdwood in the Mount Lofty Ranges.

History

The Indigenous name for Mount Crawford was Teetáka.Hossfeld, P.S. : The Aborigines of South Australia: Native occupation of the Eden Valley and Angaston Districts. From Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, No 50: p 293 The mount was given its present name in 1839 by Charles Sturt after James Coutts Crawford (1817–1889).Recollections of travel in Australia and New Zealand, by James Coutts Crawford, London 1880, page 17. Crawford had a Royal Navy background. He and his drovers arrived overland from NSW in April 1839 with 700 cattle, setting up a hut and cattle run at the base of the mount.The Diary of James Coutts Crawford: Extracts on Aborigines and Adelaide, 1839 & 1841. South Australiana, March 1965.Register newspaper, 13 July 1839, p 2. Crawford soon moved on to be a pioneer of Wellington, New Zealand.{{cite web | url=http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/dnzb/alt_essayBody.asp?essayID=1C26 | title= Crawford, James Coutts 1817 - 1889 | last= Rosier | first= L | date= 22 June 2007 |publisher= Dictionary of New Zealand Biography | accessdate= 5 December 2010}}

In February 1840 Crawford's hutkeeper, an old soldier, was bailed up by bushrangers Curran, Hughes, and Fox, who robbed him of his arms and rations. Curran and Hughes were executed by hanging at Adelaide on 16 March 1840 for an armed robbery committed earlier near Gawler.Inman: first commander of the South Australia Police, by Max Slee. Seaview Press 2010, pp.145-154.

:Geoff Manning, in his Place Names of South Australia, gives a different derivation: E.J.F. Crawford (later proprietor of Hindmarsh Brewery), the explorer J.F. Crawford, and T.G.T. Crawford,{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164734179 |title=Obituary |newspaper=The Observer (Adelaide) |volume=LXVIII |issue=5,351 |location=South Australia |date=23 September 1911 |accessdate=3 February 2018 |page=39 |via=National Library of Australia}} sons of Capt. Crawford, master of HMS Victorious{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article63728317 |title=Mr. E. J. F. Crawford |newspaper=The Register (Adelaide) |volume=XC |issue=26,249 |location=South Australia |date=12 February 1925 |accessdate=2 February 2018 |page=12 |via=National Library of Australia}} ran sheep in the area.{{cite web|url=http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/manning/pn/c/c15.htm#crawfordM|author=Geoff Manning|publisher=SLSA|title=Place Names of South Australia|access-date=2 February 2018|author-link=Geoff Manning}}

Pioneer families during the first decades of closer settlement included surnames Coleman, Hammat, Rankine, Polden, Murray, Warren, and Whyte. The subsequent history was one of mining and pastoralism, until being largely replaced by forestry and recreation activities.History of Mount Crawford district, 1839-1969 / Sheila Gordon, David Manser

An alluvial goldrush occurred in the area in the late nineteenth century, and fossicking still goes on in the area today.{{cite web|title=The latest gold discovery |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article39272690|publisher=South Australian Register|accessdate=15 June 2014|page=5|date=12 January 1872}}

Mount Crawford Forest

Mount Crawford also refers to the Mount Crawford Forest which is a grouping of several government forest lands in the area, the largest encompassing the area around Mount Crawford - others are to the west at Mount Gawler and south around Cudlee Creek and Kangaroo Creek Dam. The Barossa Valley is directly to the north. The forest headquarters and an information centre are located near Mount Crawford. Most of the timber grown are pine trees, though there are some native eucalypt plantations. The Heysen Trail passes through the forests.{{cite web|title=Mount Crawford Forest Region|url=https://www.forestry.sa.gov.au/Portals/0/Publications/InfoLeaflets/Mcf-Regional%20map.pdf|publisher=Forestry SA|accessdate=15 June 2014}}{{cite web|title=Mount Lofty Ranges Forests - (Mount Crawford, Kuitpo, Second Valley)|url=https://www.forestry.sa.gov.au/Recreation/Mt-Crawford-Kuitpo|publisher=Forestry SA|accessdate=15 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227181723/https://www.forestry.sa.gov.au/Recreation/Mt-Crawford-Kuitpo|archive-date=27 February 2015|url-status=dead}} The forests are also popularly used for recreational purposes, with school fairs and camps being held there, along with a rally car race.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}

Climate

{{Weather box

| width = auto

| metric first = yes

| single line = y

| location = Mount Crawford (525m ASL)

| Jan record high C = 43.3

| Feb record high C = 41.6

| Mar record high C = 36.9

| Apr record high C = 34.8

| May record high C = 26.8

| Jun record high C = 23.0

| Jul record high C = 20.3

| Aug record high C = 24.9

| Sep record high C = 29.8

| Oct record high C = 34.5

| Nov record high C = 39.7

| Dec record high C = 39.7

| year record high C = 43.3

| Jan high C = 27.5

| Feb high C = 27.1

| Mar high C = 23.4

| Apr high C = 19.2

| May high C = 15.0

| Jun high C = 11.7

| Jul high C = 11.0

| Aug high C = 12.4

| Sep high C = 15.1

| Oct high C = 18.2

| Nov high C = 22.5

| Dec high C = 25.0

| year high C = 19.0

| Jan mean C = 20.8

| Feb mean C = 20.6

| Mar mean C = 17.8

| Apr mean C = 14.8

| May mean C = 11.8

| Jun mean C = 9.1

| Jul mean C = 8.4

| Aug mean C = 9.3

| Sep mean C = 11.3

| Oct mean C = 13.3

| Nov mean C = 16.7

| Dec mean C = 18.6

| year mean C = 14.4

| Jan low C = 14.0

| Feb low C = 14.1

| Mar low C = 12.2

| Apr low C = 10.4

| May low C = 8.6

| Jun low C = 6.5

| Jul low C = 5.8

| Aug low C = 6.1

| Sep low C = 7.4

| Oct low C = 8.4

| Nov low C = 10.8

| Dec low C = 12.1

| year low C = 9.7

| Jan record low C = 6.1

| Feb record low C = 5.5

| Mar record low C = 4.2

| Apr record low C = 1.2

| May record low C = 1.1

| Jun record low C = 0.1

| Jul record low C = 0.2

| Aug record low C = -0.6

| Sep record low C = 0.0

| Oct record low C = -2.3

| Nov record low C = 2.0

| Dec record low C = 4.5

| year record low C = -2.3

| rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm = 24.4

| Feb rain mm = 25.9

| Mar rain mm = 30.0

| Apr rain mm = 44.7

| May rain mm = 68.7

| Jun rain mm = 82.6

| Jul rain mm = 99.3

| Aug rain mm = 86.4

| Sep rain mm = 74.3

| Oct rain mm = 45.8

| Nov rain mm = 31.8

| Dec rain mm = 34.6

| year rain mm = 662.7

| unit rain days =

| Jan rain days = 5.2

| Feb rain days = 5.1

| Mar rain days = 8.4

| Apr rain days = 10.8

| May rain days = 14.7

| Jun rain days = 17.0

| Jul rain days = 18.0

| Aug rain days = 17.0

| Sep rain days = 16.6

| Oct rain days = 12.2

| Nov rain days = 9.5

| Dec rain days = 8.0

| year rain days = 142.5

| humidity colour = green

| time day = 3pm

| daily =

| Jan humidity = 36

| Feb humidity = 38

| Mar humidity = 42

| Apr humidity = 52

| May humidity = 67

| Jun humidity = 77

| Jul humidity = 77

| Aug humidity = 70

| Sep humidity = 64

| Oct humidity = 55

| Nov humidity = 47

| Dec humidity = 39

| year humidity = 55

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| source = {{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_023878_All.shtml |title=Climate Data Online |publisher=Bureau of Meteorology |access-date=January 21, 2018 }}

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{{Weather box

| width = auto

| metric first = yes

| single line = y

| location = Mount Crawford Forest Headquarters (395m ASL)

| Jan record high C = 42.5

| Feb record high C = 42.5

| Mar record high C = 40.6

| Apr record high C = 35.0

| May record high C = 26.5

| Jun record high C = 22.0

| Jul record high C = 23.5

| Aug record high C = 25.0

| Sep record high C = 29.3

| Oct record high C = 33.0

| Nov record high C = 39.0

| Dec record high C = 40.0

| year record high C = 42.5

| Jan high C = 27.1

| Feb high C = 27.5

| Mar high C = 24.3

| Apr high C = 20.6

| May high C = 16.1

| Jun high C = 13.0

| Jul high C = 12.2

| Aug high C = 13.1

| Sep high C = 15.4

| Oct high C = 18.9

| Nov high C = 22.0

| Dec high C = 24.9

| year high C = 19.6

| Jan mean C = 19.1

| Feb mean C = 19.4

| Mar mean C = 17.0

| Apr mean C = 13.8

| May mean C = 10.6

| Jun mean C = 8.3

| Jul mean C = 7.7

| Aug mean C = 8.3

| Sep mean C = 9.9

| Oct mean C = 12.4

| Nov mean C = 14.9

| Dec mean C = 17.2

| year mean C = 13.2

| Jan low C = 11.1

| Feb low C = 11.2

| Mar low C = 9.7

| Apr low C = 7.0

| May low C = 5.0

| Jun low C = 3.5

| Jul low C = 3.1

| Aug low C = 3.4

| Sep low C = 4.4

| Oct low C = 5.9

| Nov low C = 7.7

| Dec low C = 9.5

| year low C = 6.8

| Jan record low C = 2.0

| Feb record low C = 1.0

| Mar record low C = -2.2

| Apr record low C = -3.5

| May record low C = -5.0

| Jun record low C = -7.0

| Jul record low C = -7.0

| Aug record low C = -4.7

| Sep record low C = -4.0

| Oct record low C = -3.2

| Nov record low C = -2.0

| Dec record low C = 0.1

| year record low C = -7.0

| rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm = 24.5

| Feb rain mm = 23.7

| Mar rain mm = 27.5

| Apr rain mm = 53.3

| May rain mm = 88.9

| Jun rain mm = 97.9

| Jul rain mm = 116.9

| Aug rain mm = 103.4

| Sep rain mm = 82.9

| Oct rain mm = 65.8

| Nov rain mm = 36.7

| Dec rain mm = 34.8

| year rain mm = 758.0

| unit rain days =

| Jan rain days = 5.7

| Feb rain days = 4.8

| Mar rain days = 6.2

| Apr rain days = 9.9

| May rain days = 14.3

| Jun rain days = 16.0

| Jul rain days = 18.9

| Aug rain days = 19.2

| Sep rain days = 14.8

| Oct rain days = 12.7

| Nov rain days = 8.8

| Dec rain days = 7.7

| year rain days = 139.0