Mudeungsan
{{Short description|Mountain in South Korea}}
{{cleanup translation|Korean|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Mudeungsan
| photo = Mt Mudeungsan - panoramio.jpg
| photo_caption =
| elevation_ref =
| prominence_m = 1011
| listing = Ribu
| location = South Korea
| range =
| map = South Korea
| label = Mudeungsan
| map_relief = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|35.1392|N|126.9925|E|type:mountain_region:KR_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| range_coordinates =
| topo =
| type =
| age =
| last_eruption =
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route =
| embedded = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|color=transparent
|hangul= 무등산
|hanja= {{linktext|無|等|山}}
|rr= Mudeungsan
|mr= Mutŭngsan
}}
}}
Mudeungsan ({{Langx|ko|무등산}}) is a mountain in South Korea. It extends over Buk District, Gwangju, as well as Hwasun County and Damyang County in South Jeolla Province. Mudeungsan has an elevation of {{convert|1187|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}{{cite book| last=Yu Jeong-yeol | year=2007| title=한국의 산 여행 (Travel Guide to Korean Mountains) |location=Seoul|publisher=관동 상억연구회 (Kwandong)|isbn=978-89-958055-1-0|page = 441}} and is a part of Mudeungsan National Park which gained national park status in 2012.{{cite web|title=Korean National Park Service|language=ko|url=http://mudeung.knps.or.kr/|access-date=3 November 2013}} The peak of Mudeungsan is named Cheonwang summit, but it has been designated as a protection zone for air force military installations. Therefore the highest spot the climbers can ascend without special permission is Seoseokdae Rock, with an elevation of {{Convert|1,100|m|ft|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|url = http://saygj.com/3794|title = 무등산국립공원 - 정상개방으로 천왕봉과 하늘이 열리던 날|website = 광주광역시 공식블로그|publisher = 광주광역시|language = ko}}
Looking from the summit, Hallasan in Jeju Island and Geojedo in Namhae, South Gyeongsang Province can be seen.{{cite web|url = http://geopark.gwangju.go.kr/contents.do?S=S46&M=020101000000|title = 무등산의 경관|website = 무등산권지질공원|language = ko}}{{relevance inline|date=January 2017}}
Name
The mountain was known as Muak or Mujinak due to its location Mujinju, the former name of Gwangju. As most of the big mountain ranges are related to shamanism, it was also called "the Grave Mountain" or "the Shaman Mountain". The Mudeungsan range is primarily composed of soil rather than rocks. It was called Seoseok mountain during the Goryeo dynasty.{{cite web|title = 무등산|url = http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1094680&cid=40942&categoryId=35591|website = terms.naver.com|access-date = 2015-12-13}} It was after the introduction to Buddhism in Korea that it was called Mudeungsan.[https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0018991#:~:text=%EB%B6%81%EC%AA%BD%EC%9D%98%20%EB%82%98%EC%A3%BC%ED%8F%89%EC%95%BC%EC%99%80,%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC%20%EC%82%B0%EB%AA%85%EC%9D%84%20%EA%B0%96%EA%B3%A0%20%EC%9E%88%EB%8B%A4. history of changing name] One explanation for this is that the people believed that the greatness of the mountain could not be compared to anything on the land, and thus it could not ("mu") be graded ("deung"). However, this is supposedly an interpretation adapted from the Hanja transliteration of its original Korean name, which comes from Gwangju's original name, Moodeul or Moodol. The jin in Mujin as written in Hanja was not pronounced so in the past. It used to be read as deul or dol in Korean. Therefore Mudeung can be interpreted in the same way.
History
On 22 May 1972, Mudeungsan was designated as a provincial park. On 29 April 1974, the government notified a basic park plan (the 61st notification of Jeollanamdo). On 1 September 1987, the government installed the Mudeungsan Park Administrative Office. On 24 September 1998, the government established a comprehensive plan about conservation and use of Mudeungsan. On 7 December 2001, the government changed the basic park plan.{{how|date=January 2017}} On 24 December 2010, the city of Gwangju filed a petition to the minister of environment to designate Mudeungsan as a national park. On 31 December 2012, Mudeungsan was designated as a national park. On 4 March 2013, the government installed Mudeungsan national park office and east office. On 3 December 2015, the government notified withdrawal of military bases.{{cite web|url = http://utour.gwangju.go.kr/utour/culture.do?S=S01&M=020100000000&b_code=CULTURE_KOR&tour_cg=TOUR001&orderby=HIT&act=view&list_no=326|title = 산/사찰 - 무등산|website = 광주광역시 문화관광포털|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222141042/http://utour.gwangju.go.kr/utour/culture.do?S=S01&M=020100000000&b_code=CULTURE_KOR&tour_cg=TOUR001&orderby=HIT&act=view&list_no=326|archive-date = 2015-12-22|url-status = dead}}
Provincial and national park
Mudeungsan was designated as a provincial park in 1972. It is located at the city of Gwangju, Hwasun County and Damyang County. It has a total area of {{convert|30.23|km2|abbr=on}}{{cite web|url = http://www.mudeungsan-ps.co.kr/default/travel/leisure.php?topmenu=3|title = 무등산소개|website = 무등산펜션}} In 2012, it was designated as a national park, expanded to a total area of {{convert|75.425|km2|abbr=on}}. However, Gwangju Lake area and some cultural areas were excluded from national park, due to the opposition from local government and residents.{{cite web|title = 무등산 21번째 국립공원 됐다...24년만의 신규지정(종합) {{!}} 연합뉴스|url = http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/society/2012/12/27/0706000000AKR20121227081200004.HTML|website = www.yonhapnews.co.kr|access-date = 2015-12-21}}
Natural monument
Columnar joining in the mountain is protected as natural monument {{abbr|No.|number}} 465.{{cite web|url = http://old.knps.or.kr/knpshp/visit/intro/resource03.jsp?g_parkcd=122000|title = 천연기념물|website = 국립공원관리공단|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222103152/http://old.knps.or.kr/knpshp/visit/intro/resource03.jsp?g_parkcd=122000|archive-date = 2015-12-22|url-status = dead}}{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=1751299&nearBy=shopping& |title=Jusangjeolli Cliff of Mudeungsan Mountain (무등산 주상절리대) |publisher=English.visitkorea.or.kr |access-date=2016-01-17}}
There are many valuable animals such as otters, wildcats, buzzards and Mandarin ducks, designated as endangered at Mudeungsan. In addition, there are many cultural heritages.{{Cite news|url = http://www.polinews.co.kr/news/article.html?no=165293|title = 무등산 국립공원 지정, 천연기념물-보물 등 많아|last = 손|first = 정호|date = 2012-12-28}}
Summits
In 2011, after 45 years of being restricted by the military, Inwang summit and Jiwang summit were opened to the public. However, Cheongwang summit remained closed due to air defense facilities. Only those identified and approved by the military after learning about security-related subjects from [http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=761449&cid=43740&categoryId=44174 Jangbuljae] can go there.{{cite web|title = 무등산 정상 45년만에 열린다|url = http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/area/476411.html|website=The Hankyoreh|access-date = 2015-12-13}} It was opened twice in 2011; quarterly in 2012 and 2013; once in 2014;{{cite web|title = Daum 카페|url = http://cafe.daum.net/hkmt/FkE2/85?q=%25B9%25AB%25B5%25EE%25BB%25EA+%25C1%25A4%25BB%25F3%25B0%25B3%25B9%25E6|website = cafe.daum.net|access-date = 2015-12-21}} and three times in 2015.{{cite web|title = 11월7일 무등산 정상 개방|url = http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2015102715380748078|website = www.asiae.co.kr|access-date = 2015-12-21}}
Environment
The Sobaek Mountains are the main range of Mudeungsan. Mudeungsan has a gradual descent toward the ground. Average temperature for the year is {{convert|13.2|C}} which is 5 °C (9 °F) below that of downtown of Gwangju. Average rainfall for the year is about {{convert|1500|mm|abbr=on}}, which is more than {{convert|200|mm|abbr=on}} above what is received in downtown Gwangju. The sky is clear 53 days per year.{{cite web|url = http://www.mudeungsan-ps.co.kr/default/travel/leisure.php?topmenu=3|title = 무등산국립공원-자연환경|website = 무등산펜션}}
Tourist attractions
{{expand section|date=January 2017}}
- Soswaewon Garden
- Songgangjeong Pavilion
- Myeonangjeong Pavilion
- Sigyeongjeong Pavilion
- Hwanbyeokdang Pavilion
- [http://korean.visitkorea.or.kr/kor/bz15/where/where_main_search.jsp?cid=129443 Riverside Eco Park]
- Unjusa Temple
- Ssangbongsa Temple
- [http://www.gstrain.co.kr Gokseong Train Village]
- [http://tour.boseong.go.kr/index.boseong;jsessionid=A508A89138A0CE4B7AF51ACAC216F990?menuCd=DOM_000001501001001000 Boseong Green Tea Farm]
- Chuwolsan Mountain
- [http://juknokwon.go.kr/?url=sub01_sub0101 Damyang Bamboo Garden]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20151223235801/http://culture.hwasun.go.kr/gallery.do?S=S09&M=030100000000&b_code=0000000018&list_no=21&act=view Hwasun Hot Springs]
- [http://www.namdokorea.com/kr2/reference/apark/01/index_view.jsp?type=26&kind=&tour_id=388&page= Dogok Hot Springs]{{cite web|url = http://www.mudeungsan-ps.co.kr/default/travel/food.php?topmenu=3|title = 주변관광지|website = 무등산펜션}}
See also
References
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