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Murinae

{{Short description|Subfamily of rodents}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| name = Old World rats and mice

| fossil_range = Middle Miocene – recent, {{fossil range|14|0}}

| image = Mouse white background.jpg

| image_caption = Mus musculus, the house mouse

| taxon = Murinae

| authority = Illiger, 1811

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision = Abditomys

Abeomelomys

Aethomys

Anisomys

Anonymomys

†Antemus

†Anthracomys

Apodemus

Apomys

Archboldomys

Arvicanthis

Baiyankamys

Bandicota

Batomys

†Beremendimys

Berylmys

Bullimus

Bunomys

†Canariomys

Carpomys

†Castillomys

†Castromys

†Chardinomys

Chingawaemys

Chiromyscus

Chiropodomys

Chiruromys

Chrotomys

Coccymys

Colomys

Congomys

Conilurus

†Coryphomys

Crateromys

Crossomys

Cremnomys

Crunomys

Dacnomys

Dasymys

Dephomys

Desmomys

†Dilatomys

Diomys

Diplothrix

Echiothrix

Eropeplus

†Euryotomys

Golunda

Gracilimus

Grammomys

Hadromys

Haeromys

Halmaheramys

Hapalomys

Heimyscus

†Hooijeromys

†Huaxiamys

†Huerzelerimys

Hybomys

Hydromys

Hylomyscus

Hyomys

Hyorhinomys

Kadarsanomys

†Karnimata

Komodomys

†Kritimys

Lamottemys

Leggadina

Lemniscomys

Lenomys

Lenothrix

Leopoldamys

Leporillus

Leptomys

Limnomys

Lorentzimys

Macruromys

Madromys

Malacomys

Mallomys

†Malpaisomys

Mammelomys

Margaretamys

Mastacomys

Mastomys

Maxomys

Melasmothrix

Melomys

Mesembriomys

Microhydromys

Micromys

†Mikrotia

Millardia

Mirzamys

Montemys

Muriculus

Musseromys

Mus

Mylomys

Myomyscus

Myotomys

Nesokia

Nesoromys

Nilopegamys

Niviventer

Notomys

Ochromyscus

Oenomys

†Orientalomys

Otomys

Palawanomys

†Paraethomys

†Parapodemus

Papagomys

Parahydromys

Paraleptomys

Paramelomys

Parotomys

†Parapelomys

Paucidentomys

Paruromys

Paulamys

Pelomys

Phloeomys

Pithecheir

Pithecheirops

Pogonomelomys

Pogonomys

Praomys

†Progonomys

Protochromys

†Qianomys

Pseudohydromys

Pseudomys

†Ratchaburimys

Rattus

Rhabdomys

†Rhagamys

†Rhagapodemus

Rhynchomys

†Saidomys

Saxatilomys

Serengetimys

Solomys

Sommeromys

Soricomys

†Spelaeomys

Srilankamys

Stenocephalemys

†Stephanomys

Stochomys

Sundamys

Taeromys

Tarsomys

Tateomys

Thallomys

Thamnomys

Tokudaia

Tonkinomys

Tryphomys

Uromys

Vandeleuria

Vernaya

Waiomys

†Wushanomys

Xenuromys

Xeromys

†Yunomys

Zelotomys

Zyzomys

}}

{{Redirect-distinguish-text|Murine|Murrine the art glass technique}}

The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species. Members of this subfamily are called murines. In terms of species richness, this subfamily is larger than all mammal families except the Cricetidae and Muridae, and is larger than all mammal orders except the bats and the remainder of the rodents.{{sfn|Wilson|Reeder|2005|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=YnYED-YG0ZYC&q=Mures&pg=PA1191 1191]}}

Description

The Murinae are native to Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australia. They are terrestrial placental mammals. They have also been introduced to all continents except Antarctica, and are serious pest animals. This is particularly true in island communities where they have contributed to the endangerment and extinction of many native animals.{{Cite journal|last1=Harper|first1=Grant A.|last2=Bunbury|first2=Nancy|date=2015-01-01|title=Invasive rats on tropical islands: Their population biology and impacts on native species|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|language=en|volume=3|pages=607–627|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2015.02.010|issn=2351-9894|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015GEcoC...3..607H }}

Two prominent murine species have become vital laboratory animals: the brown rat and house mouse are both used as medical subjects.

The murines have a distinctive molar pattern that involves three rows of cusps instead of two, the primitive pattern seen most frequently in muroid rodents.{{Cite journal|last1=Kimura|first1=Yuri|last2=Jacobs|first2=Louis L.|last3=Flynn|first3=Lawrence J.|date=2013-10-14|title=Lineage-Specific Responses of Tooth Shape in Murine Rodents (Murinae, Rodentia) to Late Miocene Dietary Change in the Siwaliks of Pakistan|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=10|pages=e76070|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0076070|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3796524|pmid=24155885|bibcode=2013PLoSO...876070K|doi-access=free}}

Fossils

The first known appearance of the Murinae in the fossil record is about 14 million years ago with the fossil genus Antemus. Antemus is thought to derive directly from Potwarmus, which has a more primitive tooth pattern. Likewise, two genera, Progonomys and Karnimata, are thought to derive directly from Antemus. Progonomys is thought to be the ancestor of Mus and relatives, while Karnimata was previously thought to lead to Rattus and relatives, although it is now thought to be a member of the extant tribe Praomyini.{{Cite web|last1=Denys|first1=Christiane|last2=Lecompte|first2=Emilie|last3=Taylor|first3=P. J.|date=21 July 2017|title=Diagnoses and contents of new African and Eurasian Murinae (Rodentia, Muridae) tribes|url=http://dumerilia.wifeo.com/documents/dumerilia-7-15-82-90.pdf}} All of these fossils are found in the well-preserved and easily dated Siwalik fossil beds of Pakistan. The transition from Potwarmus to Antemus to Progonomys and Karnimata is considered an excellent example of anagenic evolution.

Taxonomy

Most of the Murinae have been poorly studied. Some genera have been grouped, such as the hydromyine water rats, conilurine or pseudomyine Australian mice, or the phloeomyine Southeast Asian forms. It appears as if genera from Southeast Asian islands and Australia may be early offshoots compared to mainland forms. The vlei rats in the genera Otomys and Parotomys are often placed in a separate subfamily, Otomyinae, but have been shown to be closely related to African murines in spite of their uniqueness.

Three genera, Uranomys, Lophuromys, and Acomys, were once considered to be murines, but were found to be more closely related to gerbils through molecular phylogenetics. They have been assigned a new subfamily status, Deomyinae.

Molecular phylogenetic studies of Murinae include Lecompte, et al. (2008),{{sfn|Lecompte|Aplin|Denys|Catzeflis|2008}} which analyzes African murine species based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and two nuclear gene fragments. Lecompte, et al. (2008) estimates that African murines colonized Africa from Asia approximately 11 million years ago during the Miocene.

The following phylogeny of 16 Murinae genera, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein (IRBP) gene, is from Jansa & Weksler (2004: 264).{{sfn|Jansa|Weksler|2004}}

{{clade| style=font-size:95%;line-height:90%

|label1=Murinae

|1={{clade

|1=Phloeomys

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Micromys

|2={{clade

|1=Maxomys

|2={{clade

|1=Niviventer

|2={{clade

|1=Sundamys

|2=Rattus

}}

}}

}}

}}

|2={{clade

|1=Rhynchomys

|2={{clade

|1=Otomys

|2={{clade

|1=Aethomys

|2={{clade

|1=Rhabdomys

|2=Grammomys

}}

}}

}}

|3={{clade

|1=Tokudaia

|2={{clade

|1=Mus

|2={{clade

|1=Mastomys

|2={{clade

|1=Praomys

|2=Hylomyscus

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

Distribution

The following is a list of Murinae genus divisions ordered by the continents that they are endemic to. Most of the diversity is located in Southeast Asia and Australasia.

  • Africa
  • Aethomys division – 1 genus
  • Arvicanthis division – 6 genera
  • Colomys division – 3 genera
  • Dasymys division – 8 genera
  • Hybomys division – 3 genera
  • Malacomys division – 1 genus
  • Oenomys division – 5 genea
  • Otomyini division/tribe – 3 genera
  • Eurasia
  • Apodemus division – 2 genera
  • Micromys division – 6 genera
  • Genus Mus
  • South Asia
  • Golunda division – 1 genus
  • Millardia division – 4 genera
  • Southeast Asia
  • Dacnomys division – 8 genera
  • Hadromys division – 1 genus
  • Maxomys division – 1 genus
  • Pithecheir division – 6 genera
  • Rattus division – 21 genera
  • Philippines
  • Chrotomys division – 5 genera
  • Crunomys division – 2 genera
  • Phloeomys division – 4 genera
  • Genus Musseromys
  • Sulawesi
  • Crunomys division – 2 genera
  • Echiothrix division – 1 genus
  • Melasmothrix division – 2 genera
  • Moluccas
  • Halmaheramys division – 1 genus
  • New Guinea
  • Hydromys division – 6 genera
  • Lorentzimys division – 1 genus
  • Pogonomys division – 11 genera
  • Uromys division – 5 genera
  • Xeromys division – 3 genera
  • Genus Mirzamys
  • Australia
  • Pseudomys division – 8 genera

List of species

As of 2005, the Murinae contained 129 genera in 584 species. Musser and Carleton (2005) divided the Murinae into 29 genus divisions. They treated the Otomyinae as a separate subfamily, but all molecular analyses conducted to date have supported their inclusion in the Murinae as relatives of African genera.{{sfn|Jansa|Weksler|2004}}{{sfn|Michaux|Reyes|Catzeflis|2001}}{{sfn|Steppan|Adkins|Anderson|2004}}{{sfn|Jansa|Barker|Heaney|2006}} In a recent expedition in the Philippines, seven more Apomys mice were added and the genus was proposed to split into two subgenera - Apomys and Megapomys, based on morphological and cytochrome b DNA sequences.{{sfn|Heaney|Balete|Rickart|Alviola|2011}} In 2021, a major revision was taken of Praomyini.{{Cite journal|last1=Nicolas|first1=Violaine|last2=Mikula|first2=Ondřej|last3=Lavrenchenko|first3=Leonid A.|last4=Šumbera|first4=Radim|last5=Bartáková|first5=Veronika|last6=Bryjová|first6=Anna|last7=Meheretu|first7=Yonas|last8=Verheyen|first8=Erik|last9=Missoup|first9=Alain Didier|last10=Lemmon|first10=Alan R.|last11=Moriarty Lemmon|first11=Emily|date=2021-10-01|title=Phylogenomics of African radiation of Praomyini (Muridae: Murinae) rodents: First fully resolved phylogeny, evolutionary history and delimitation of extant genera|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790321001962|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|language=en|volume=163|pages=107263|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107263|pmid=34273505|bibcode=2021MolPE.16307263N |hdl=10067/1795280151162165141 |issn=1055-7903|hdl-access=free}}

The tribes are based on the classification by the American Society of Mammalogists.{{Citation|last=Database|first=Mammal Diversity|title=Mammal Diversity Database|date=2021-11-06|doi=10.5281/zenodo.5651212|url=https://zenodo.org/record/5651212|access-date=2021-12-01}} Some of the division placement is based on Pages et al., 2015 and Rowe et al., 2019.{{Cite journal|last1=Pagès|first1=Marie|last2=Fabre|first2=Pierre-Henri|last3=Chaval|first3=Yannick|last4=Mortelliti|first4=Alessio|last5=Nicolas|first5=Violaine|last6=Wells|first6=Konstans|last7=Michaux|first7=Johan R.|last8=Lazzari|first8=Vincent|date=2016|title=Molecular phylogeny of South-East Asian arboreal murine rodents|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/zsc.12161|journal=Zoologica Scripta|language=en|volume=45|issue=4|pages=349–364|doi=10.1111/zsc.12161|s2cid=86285898|issn=1463-6409|hdl=10072/101842|hdl-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last1=Rowe|first1=Kevin C.|last2=Achmadi|first2=Anang S.|last3=Fabre|first3=Pierre-Henri|last4=Schenk|first4=John J.|last5=Steppan|first5=Scott J.|last6=Esselstyn|first6=Jacob A.|date=2019|title=Oceanic islands of Wallacea as a source for dispersal and diversification of murine rodents|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jbi.13720|journal=Journal of Biogeography|language=en|volume=46|issue=12|pages=2752–2768|doi=10.1111/jbi.13720|bibcode=2019JBiog..46.2752R |s2cid=208583483|issn=1365-2699|url-access=subscription}}

SUBFAMILY MURINAE - Old World rats and mice

Notes

{{Reflist}}

References

  • {{cite journal |bibcode=1993PNAS...90.3433C |jstor=2361758 |title=Molecular Evidence that the Spiny Mouse (Acomys) is More Closely Related to Gerbils (Gerbillinae) Than to True Mice (Murinae) |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=90 |issue=8 |pages=3433–6 |last1=Chevret |first1=Pascale |last2=Denys |first2=Christiane |last3=Jaeger |first3=Jean-Jacques |last4=Michaux |first4=Jacques |last5=Catzeflis |first5=Francois M. |year=1993 |doi=10.1073/pnas.90.8.3433 |pmid=8475093 |pmc=46314 |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |doi=10.3158/2158-5520-2.1.1 |title=Chapter 1: Seven New Species and a New Subgenus of Forest Mice (Rodentia: Muridae: Apomys) from Luzon Island |journal=Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=1–60 |year=2011 |last1=Heaney |first1=Lawrence R. |last2=Balete |first2=Danilo S. |last3=Rickart |first3=Eric A. |last4=Alviola |first4=Phillip A. |last5=Duya |first5=Mariano Roy M. |last6=Duya |first6=Melizar V. |last7=Veluz |first7=M. Josefa |last8=Vandevrede |first8=Lawren |last9=Steppan |first9=Scott J. |s2cid=86544405 }}
  • {{cite book |last1=Jacobs |first1=Louis L. |year=1978 |title=Fossil Rodents (Rhizomyidae & Muridae): From Neogene Siwalik Deposits, Pakistan |series=Bulletin of the Museum of Northern Arizona, 52 |oclc=4611477}}
  • {{cite journal |doi=10.1080/10635150500431254 |pmid=16507525 |jstor=20142900 |title=The Pattern and Timing of Diversification of Philippine Endemic Rodents: Evidence from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Gene Sequences |journal=Systematic Biology |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=73–88 |year=2006 |last1=Jansa |first1=Sharon |last2=Barker |first2=F. |last3=Heaney |first3=Lawrence |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.002 |pmid=15019624 |title=Phylogeny of muroid rodents: Relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=256–276 |year=2004 |last1=Jansa |first1=Sharon A. |last2=Weksler |first2=Marcelo |bibcode=2004MolPE..31..256J }}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Lecompte|first1=Emilie |last2=Aplin|first2=Ken |last3=Denys|first3=Christiane |last4=Catzeflis|first4=François |last5=Chades|first5=Marion |last6=Chevret|first6=Pascale |date=2008 |title=Phylogeny and biogeography of African Murinae based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences, with a new tribal classification of the subfamily |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=8 |issue=1 |at=199 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-8-199|pmid=18616808 |pmc=2490707 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2008BMCEE...8..199L }}
  • {{cite book |first1=Malcolm C. |last1=McKenna |first2=Susan K. |last2=Bell |year=2000 |title=Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level |location=New York |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-11013-6 }}
  • {{cite journal |pmid=11606698 |year=2001 |last1=Michaux |first1=J |title=Evolutionary history of the most speciose mammals: Molecular phylogeny of muroid rodents |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=18 |issue=11 |pages=2017–31 |last2=Reyes |first2=A |last3=Catzeflis |first3=F |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003743|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite book |last1=Musser |first1=G.G. |first2=M. D. |last2=Carleton |year=1993 |chapter=Family Muridae |pages=501–755 |title=Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference |editor1-first=Don E |editor1-last=Wilson |editor2-first=DeeAnn M |editor2-last=Reeder |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |location=Washington D.C. |isbn=978-1-56098-217-3 }}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Musser |first1=Guy G. |last2=Heaney |first2=Lawrence R. |year=2006 |title=Philippine rodents: Definitions of Tarsomys and Limnomys plus a preliminary assessment of phylogenetic patterns among native Philippine murines (Murinae, Muridae) |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=21 |pages=1–138 |hdl=2246/906}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Nowak |first1=R.M. |year=1999 |title=Walker's Mammals of the World, Vol. 2 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=London }}
  • {{cite journal |doi=10.1080/10635150490468701 |pmid=15371245 |jstor=4135423 |title=Phylogeny and Divergence-Date Estimates of Rapid Radiations in Muroid Rodents Based on Multiple Nuclear Genes |journal=Systematic Biology |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=533–53 |year=2004 |last1=Steppan |first1=Scott |last2=Adkins |first2=Ronald |last3=Anderson |first3=Joel }}
  • {{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.016 |pmid=15975830 |title=Multigene phylogeny of the Old World mice, Murinae, reveals distinct geographic lineages and the declining utility of mitochondrial genes compared to nuclear genes |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=370–88 |year=2005 |last1=Steppan |first1=Scott J. |last2=Adkins |first2=R.M. |last3=Spinks |first3=P.Q. |last4=Hale |first4=C. |bibcode=2005MolPE..37..370S }}
  • {{Cite book |last1=Wilson|first1=Don E.|last2=Reeder|first2=Deeann M. |title=Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 12|year=2005|publisher=JHU Press |isbn=9780801882210 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YnYED-YG0ZYC}}

{{Murinae}}

{{Muridae}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q30266}}

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Category:Mammal subfamilies

Category:Taxa named by Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger