Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise

{{Infobox company

| name = Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise

| native_name = {{lang|my|မြန်မာ့ရေနံနှင့် သဘာဝဓါတ်ငွေ့လုပ်ငန်း}}

| native_name_lang = my

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| type = Public

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| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1963}}

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| location_city = Naypyidaw

| location_country = Myanmar

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| industry = Oil and gas industry

| products = Petroleum
Natural gas
Petroleum products

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| owner = Myanmar Government

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Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise ({{langx|my|မြန်မာ့ရေနံနှင့် သဘာဝဓါတ်ငွေ့လုပ်ငန်း}}; abbreviated MOGE) is a national oil and gas company of Myanmar. It was established in 1963. MOGE royalties and fees are estimated to generate {{US$|1.5 billion}} in annual revenues, about half of the country's foreign currency reserves.{{Cite web |last=Yang |first=Robbie Gramer, Mary |title=U.S. Eyes New Energy Sanctions on Myanmar After Execution of Activists |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/08/02/myanmar-burma-energy-sanctions-biden-execution-democracy-activists/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Foreign Policy |date=2 August 2022 |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Myanmar's Sanctions-Hit Junta Still Netting Vast Oil, Gas Profits |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/myanmar-s-sanctions-hit-junta-still-netting-vast-oil-gas-profits/6697189.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=VOA |date=11 August 2022 |language=en}} The company is a sole operator of oil and gas exploration and production, as well as domestic gas transmission through a {{convert|1200|mi|km|-2}} onshore pipeline grid.

History

MOGE was established in 1963 after nationalisation of the Burmese petroleum industry. The nationalised assets of Burmah Oil Company were amalgamated to MOGE.

MOGE discovered the Mann oil field in 1970. Peak production in 1979 was 23,000 barrels of oil per day, about three-quarters of Myanmar's total production.{{cite web |last1=Yenne |first1=Keith |title=Hydrocarbon Prospect (Oil, Gas, Coal) for Burma, USGS Open File Report 88-402 |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0402/report.pdf |website=USGS Publications Warehouse |publisher=USGS |access-date=11 July 2021 |date=1988}}

= 2021 coup =

Since the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, MOGE has become the largest foreign currency source for the military regime, the State Administration Council.{{Cite web |date=2023-02-01 |title=The international oilfield services companies supporting the Myanmar junta's oil and gas industry |url=https://www.justiceformyanmar.org/stories/the-international-oilfield-services-companies-supporting-the-myanmar-juntas-oil-and-gas-industry |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Justice For Myanmar}} In February 2022, the European Union imposed sanctions on MOGE.{{Cite web |date=2022-02-21 |title=Myanmar/Burma: EU imposes restrictive measures on 22 individuals and 4 entities in fourth round of sanctions |url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/02/21/myanmar-burma-eu-imposes-restrictive-measures-on-22-individuals-and-4-entities-in-fourth-round-of-sanctions/ |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Council of the EU |language=en}} In January 2023, the American government sanctioned MOGE officials.{{Cite news |last1=Psaledakis |first1=Daphne |last2=Lewis |first2=Simon |date=2023-02-01 |title=U.S. and allies mark anniversary of Myanmar coup with more sanctions |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/us-canada-australia-impose-new-sanctions-myanmar-2023-01-31/ |access-date=2023-03-27}} {{As of|2023|January}}, neither the United States nor the United Kingdom have sanctioned MOGE.{{Cite news |date=2023-02-01 |title=US, Allies Impose New Sanctions on Myanmar Two Years After Coup |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-01/us-allies-impose-new-sanctions-on-myanmar-two-years-after-coup |access-date=2023-03-27}}

In January 2022, TotalEnergies, Chevron, and Woodside Energy announced they would withdraw from the Myanmar market, following pressure from activists who have called for companies to cut financial ties with MOGE.{{Cite news |last=Ratcliffe |first=Rebecca |date=2022-01-21 |title=Chevron and Total withdraw from Myanmar gas project |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/21/chevron-and-total-withdraw-from-myanmar-gas-project |access-date=2023-03-27 |issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Ben |last2=Doherty |first2=Ben |date=2022-01-27 |title=Woodside Petroleum to pull out of Myanmar one year on from military coup |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/27/woodside-petroleum-to-pull-out-of-myanmar-one-year-on-from-military-coup |access-date=2023-03-27 |issn=0261-3077}} TotalEnergies had operated the Yadana natural gas pipeline project since the 1990s, with a 31.24% stake in the project, while Chevron had a 28.26% stake. TotalEnergies' divestment has increased MOGE's stake in the project, from 15% to 21.8%.{{Cite web |date=2022-07-19 |title=Myanmar: TotalEnergies Withdraws; Junta Gains |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/07/19/myanmar-totalenergies-withdraws-junta-gains |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}} Australian-owned Woodside took a {{US$|138 million}} loss from its exit.{{Cite web |date=2022-01-27 |title=Woodside to take $295m hit as it exits Myanmar |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/energy/woodside-to-take-300m-hit-as-exits-myanmar-20220127-p59ro1 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Australian Financial Review |language=en}}

In February 2022, Japanese-owned Mitsubishi Group announced its exit.{{Cite news |last= |date=2022-02-18 |title=Mitsubishi, Petronas to exit Myanmar Yetagun gas project |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/mitsubishi-petronas-sell-stakes-myanmar-yetagun-gas-field-2022-02-18/ |access-date=2023-03-27}} In April 2022, Malaysian-owned Petronas followed suit, withdrawing from the Yetagun gas field project.{{Cite news |last= |date=2022-04-29 |title=Malaysia's Petronas withdraws from Myanmar's Yetagun gas field |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/malaysias-petronas-withdraws-myanmars-yetagun-field-2022-04-29/ |access-date=2023-03-27}}

Offshore gas fields

MOGE operates several offshore gas fields, and has a commercial stake in each active project:

Shwe gas field (15% MOGE stake) – operated by Korean-owned POSCO International (formerly Australian-owned Woodside Energy){{Cite web |title=Myanmar - Woodside Energy |url=https://www.woodside.com.au/our-business/myanmar |access-date=2021-02-05 |website=Woodside |language=en-AU}}{{Cite web |title=Shwe Gas Project, Bay of Bengal, Offshore Myanmar |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/shwe-gas-project/ |access-date=2021-02-05 |language=en-US}}
Yadana gas field (21.8% MOGE stake) – operated by Thai-owned PTTEP (formerly French-owned TotalEnergies)
Zawtika gas field (20% MOGE stake) – operated by Thai-owned PTTEP
Yetagun gas field (20.5% MOGE stake) – operated by Thai-owned Gas Petroleum Myanmar (formerly Malaysian-owned Petronas)

References

{{reflist|2|refs=

{{cite web

|publisher = Total S.A.

|title = Oil and Gas in Myanmar

|url = http://burma.total.com/en/contexte/p_1_2.htm

|access-date = 20 January 2009

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20031212060349/http://burma.total.com/en/contexte/p_1_2.htm

|archive-date = 12 December 2003

|df = dmy-all

}}

{{cite web|publisher=Ministry of Energy |title=Country Report for Myanmar |author=U Kyaw Nyein |url=http://www.petronas.com.my/intranet/ascope/ascope.nsf/3b269571c10e71e5482568960033edc8/d9b2645688f00ced48256b05001451f1/$FILE/Myanmar.pdf |access-date=20 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501144244/http://www.petronas.com.my/intranet/ascope/ascope.nsf/3b269571c10e71e5482568960033edc8/d9b2645688f00ced48256b05001451f1/$FILE/Myanmar.pdf |archive-date=1 May 2011 }}

{{cite news

|newspaper = The Myanmar Times

|title = Oil and gas ranks second largest FDI at $3.24 billion

|author = Ye Lwin

|url = http://www.mmtimes.com/feature/energy08/eng002.htm

|date = 21 July 2008

|access-date = 20 January 2009

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100104083636/http://mmtimes.com/feature/energy08/eng002.htm

|archive-date = 4 January 2010

|df = dmy-all

}}