State Administration Council
{{Short description|Military junta government of Myanmar since 2021}}
{{About|the military junta set up in Myanmar after the 2021 coup d'etat|the military government established in 1988|State Peace and Development Council}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox executive government
| nativename = {{lang|my|နိုင်ငံတော်စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ}}
| border =
| image = State seal of Myanmar.svg
| image_size =
| alt = State Seal of Myanmar
| image2 =
| image_size2 =
| alt2 =
| caption = State Seal of Myanmar
| date_established = {{Start date|2021|02|02|df=y}}
| date_dissolved =
| state = Myanmar
| leader_title = Chairman (Min Aung Hlaing)
| appointed = Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services exercising emergency powers
| main_organ =
| ministries =
| responsible = Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
| budget =
| address =
| url = {{official website|https://sacoffice.gov.mm/en}}
}}
{{Politics of Myanmar}}
The State Administration Council ({{langx|my|နိုင်ငံတော်စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ}}; abbreviated SAC or နစက) is the military junta
- {{cite web |last1=Ratcliffe |first1=Rebecca |title=Aung San Suu Kyi faces four charges as Myanmar junta cracks down on dissent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/01/aung-san-suu-kyi-faces-third-charge-as-myanmar-junta-cracks-down-on-dissent |website=The Guardian |access-date=6 March 2021 |date=1 March 2021 |archive-date=6 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306032751/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/01/aung-san-suu-kyi-faces-third-charge-as-myanmar-junta-cracks-down-on-dissent |url-status=live }}
- {{cite web |title=U.S. puts sanctions on two Myanmar generals over coup |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-politics-usa-sanctions/u-s-puts-sanctions-on-two-myanmar-generals-over-coup-idUSKBN2AN01D |website=Reuters |access-date=6 March 2021 |date=22 February 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304103228/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-politics-usa-sanctions/u-s-puts-sanctions-on-two-myanmar-generals-over-coup-idUSKBN2AN01D |url-status=live }}
- {{cite web |title=Pro-junta group attacks anti-coup protesters as Myanmar crisis escalates |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/myanmar-news-coup-violence-pro-junta-attack-protests-facebook-ban-military-accounts/ |website=CBS News |access-date=6 March 2021 |date=25 February 2021 |archive-date=3 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303051846/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/myanmar-news-coup-violence-pro-junta-attack-protests-facebook-ban-military-accounts/ |url-status=live }}
- {{cite web |last1=Kumbun |first1=Joe |title=Do the Myanmar Junta's New 'Peace-Making Committees' Stand Any Chance of Success? |url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/03/do-the-myanmar-juntas-new-peace-making-committees-stand-any-chance-of-success/ |website=The Diplomat |access-date=6 March 2021 |date=4 March 2021 |archive-date=5 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305062323/https://thediplomat.com/2021/03/do-the-myanmar-juntas-new-peace-making-committees-stand-any-chance-of-success/ |url-status=live }} currently governing Myanmar, established by Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Min Aung Hlaing following the February 2021 coup d'état and the declaration of a state of emergency by the National Defence and Security Council.{{Cite web|date=2 February 2021|title=ဗိုလ်ချုပ်မှူးကြီး မင်းအောင်လှိုင်ခေါင်းဆောင်သည့် ၁၁ ဦးပါ စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီဖွဲ့စည်း|website=Democratic Voice of Burma|url=https://burmese.dvb.no/archives/438760|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206234554/https://burmese.dvb.no/archives/438760|archive-date=6 February 2021|access-date=2 February 2021|language=my}}{{Cite web|title=နိုင်ငံတော်စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ ဖွဲ့စည်း|website=Voice of America|date=2 February 2021 |url=https://burmese.voanews.com/a/myanmar-politics-military-coup/5762192.html|access-date=2 February 2021|language=my|archive-date=2 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202164727/https://burmese.voanews.com/a/myanmar-politics-military-coup/5762192.html|url-status=live}} Under the constitution, the Commander-in-Chief holds absolute legislative, executive, and judicial power during a state of emergency. Min Aung Hlaing has delegated his legislative power to the SAC, which he chairs.{{cite news |title=Myanmar military announces new State Administrative Council |url=https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-military-announces-new-state-administrative-council.html |access-date=13 November 2023 |work=The Myanmar Times |date=2 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208100507/https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-military-announces-new-state-administrative-council.html |archive-date=8 February 2022 |url-status=dead }} It has formed a provisional administration, also led by Min Aung Hlaing as Prime Minister of Myanmar.{{Cite news |url=https://news-eleven.com/article/212823|title=နိုင်ငံတော်စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ စီမံခန့်ခွဲရေး ကော်မတီကို အိမ်စောင့်အစိုးရအဖွဲ့ အဖြစ် ပြင်ဆင်ဖွဲ့စည်း|website=Eleven Media Group|date=1 August 2021|language=my|access-date=15 August 2021|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801121356/https://news-eleven.com/article/212823|url-status=live}}
The Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH) has designated the SAC as a "terrorist group",{{Cite web |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmars-military-council-labeled-terrorist-group.html |title=Myanmar's Military Council Labeled 'Terrorist Group' |date=2 March 2021 |access-date=26 April 2021 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422224529/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmars-military-council-labeled-terrorist-group.html |url-status=live }} and SAC's legitimacy is contested by the competing National Unity Government of Myanmar (NUG).
History
= Formation =
The State Administration Council was formed by Min Aung Hlaing on 2 February 2021 with 11 members in the aftermath of the 2021 Myanmar military coup d'état.{{Cite news |date=3 February 2021 |title=Order No (9/2021), Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services, Republic of the Union of Myanmar |page=3 |work=The Global New Light of Myanmar |url=https://cdn.myanmarseo.com/file/client-cdn/gnlm/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/3_Feb_21_gnlm.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402124803/https://cdn.myanmarseo.com/file/client-cdn/gnlm/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/3_Feb_21_gnlm.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2021}}{{Cite web|date=2 February 2021|title=ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် တပ်မတော်ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ်ရုံး အမိန့်အမှတ်(၉/၂၀၂၁) ၁၃၈၂ ခုနှစ်၊ ပြာသိုလပြည့်ကျော် ၆ ရက် ၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလ ၂ ရက်|url=https://dsinfo.org/node/957|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203131316/https://dsinfo.org/node/957|archive-date=3 February 2021|access-date=2 February 2021|website=Tatmadaw Information Team|language=my}}{{Cite web|date=2 February 2021|title=Myanmar military announces new State Administration Council|url=https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-military-announces-new-state-administrative-council.html|access-date=2 February 2021|website=The Myanmar Times|archive-date=2 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202163138/https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-military-announces-new-state-administrative-council.html|url-status=live}} On 3 February, five civilian members were added to the council.{{Cite web|title=ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် နိုင်ငံတော်စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ အမိန့်အမှတ် ( ၁၄ / ၂၀၂၁) ၁၃၈၂ ခုနှစ်၊ ပြာသိုလပြည့်ကျော် ၇ ရက် ၂၀၂၁ ခုနှစ်၊ ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလ ၃ ရက်|url=https://www.dsinfo.org/node/973|date=25 May 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307110636/https://www.dsinfo.org/node/973|archive-date=7 March 2021|access-date=4 February 2021|website=Tatmadaw Information Team|language=my}}{{cite web|title=SNLD, DPNS reject offer to participate in new government|url=https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/snld-dpns-reject-offer-to-participate-in-new-government|date=6 February 2021|access-date=6 February 2021|website=Eleven Media Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206053301/https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/snld-dpns-reject-offer-to-participate-in-new-government|archive-date=6 February 2021|url-status=live}} On 17 March, a civilian joined the council. On 30 March, a military officer and a civilian joined the council.{{Cite news |date=31 March 2021 |title=Order No (106/2021), State Administration Council, Republic of the Union of Myanmar |page=2 |work=The Global New Light of Myanmar |url=https://www.burmalibrary.org/sites/burmalibrary.org/files/obl/GNLM2021-03-31-red.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827092654/https://www.burmalibrary.org/sites/burmalibrary.org/files/obl/GNLM2021-03-31-red.pdf |archive-date=27 August 2021}} As of late August, in total, the council comprises nine military officers and ten civilians.{{Cite web |author1=Htet Myet Min Tun |author2=Moe Thuzar |author3=Michael Montesano |date=8 September 2021 |title=Buttressing the Anti-NLD Project: Data on the Civilian Members of Myanmar's State Administration Council Junta |url=https://www.iseas.edu.sg/articles-commentaries/iseas-perspective/2021-119-buttressing-the-anti-nld-project-data-on-the-civilian-members-of-myanmars-state-administration-council-junta-by-htet-myet-min-tun-moe-thuzar-and-michael-montesano/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908134327/https://www.iseas.edu.sg/articles-commentaries/iseas-perspective/2021-119-buttressing-the-anti-nld-project-data-on-the-civilian-members-of-myanmars-state-administration-council-junta-by-htet-myet-min-tun-moe-thuzar-and-michael-montesano/ |archive-date=8 September 2021 |access-date=22 September 2021 |publisher=ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute |number=2021/119}}
In the leadup to and in the aftermath of the coup d'état, the military had made overtures to political parties allied with the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), the military proxy party.{{Cite web|title=Min Aung Hlaing's constitutional crisis|url=https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/min-aung-hlaings-constitutional-crisis/|date=12 February 2021|access-date=16 February 2021|website=Frontier Myanmar|language=en-US|archive-date=21 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221110254/https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/min-aung-hlaings-constitutional-crisis/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=SNLD, DPNS reject offer to participate in new government|url=https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/snld-dpns-reject-offer-to-participate-in-new-government|date=6 February 2021|access-date=6 February 2021|website=Eleven Media Group|archive-date=6 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206053301/https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/snld-dpns-reject-offer-to-participate-in-new-government|url-status=live}} On 14 August 2020, 34 pro-military parties including USDP had met with Min Aung Hlaing to seek assurances from the military to intervene in the event of electoral integrity issues during the upcoming 2020 Myanmar general election.{{Cite web|date=20 January 2021|title=Updated Timeline: Tracing Military's Interference in Myanmar Election|url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/specials/timeline-tracing-militarys-interference-in-myanmar-ele.html|access-date=16 February 2021|website=The Irrawaddy|language=en-US|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422193400/https://www.irrawaddy.com/specials/timeline-tracing-militarys-interference-in-myanmar-ele.html|url-status=live}} Min Aung Hlaing's remarks during the meeting raised concerns that the military had threatened to stage a coup.{{Cite web|date=18 August 2020|title=Election 2020 {{!}} Critics Slam Myanmar Pro-Military Parties' Meeting With Army Chief|url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/elections/critics-slam-myanmar-pro-military-parties-meeting-army-chief.html|access-date=16 February 2021|website=The Irrawaddy|language=en-US|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422234920/https://www.irrawaddy.com/elections/critics-slam-myanmar-pro-military-parties-meeting-army-chief.html|url-status=live}}
As of late August 2021, ten civilian members of the SAC include eight party's politicians, Sai Lone Saing and Shwe Kyein of the USDP, Mahn Nyein Maung of the Kayin People's Party (KPP), Thein Nyunt of the New National Democracy Party (NNDP), Khin Maung Swe of the National Democratic Force (NDF), Aye Nu Sein of the Arakan National Party (ANP), Banyar Aung Moe of the Mon Unity Party (MUP) and Saw Daniel, formerly of the Kayah State Democratic Party (KySDP).{{cite web|author=စောဖိုးခွား|title=မန်းငြိမ်းမောင်၊ ဦးသိန်းညွန့်နဲ့ ဦးခင်မောင်ဆွေတို့ကို တပ်မတော်နေရာပေး|url=https://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/military-coup-myanmar-new-government-02022021114403.html|date=2 February 2021|access-date=2 February 2021|website=Radio Free Asia|language=my|archive-date=2 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202175452/https://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/military-coup-myanmar-new-government-02022021114403.html|url-status=live}} Khin Maung Swe and Thein Nyunt had co-founded NDF, a National League for Democracy (NLD) splinter group, while Mahn Nyein Maung was a former leader of the Karen National Union.
Several organisations have distanced themselves from civilian members of the SAC. Following Mahn Nyein Maung's appointment, the KNU distanced itself from him, and reiterated its opposition to the military coup.{{Cite web|title=Phado Mahn Nyein Maung not part of KNU|url=https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/phado-mahn-nyein-maung-not-part-of-knu|date=5 February 2021|access-date=8 February 2021|website=Eleven Media Group |language=en|archive-date=6 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206030430/https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/phado-mahn-nyein-maung-not-part-of-knu|url-status=live}} On 4 February, KySDP announced it had dismissed Saw Daniel from the party for accepting the appointment, and called for the Burmese military to honor the 2020 election results.
On 5 February, SAC formed a press team led by Major General Zaw Min Tun and deputy Thet Swe.{{Cite web|date=6 February 2021|title=Formation Of State Administration Council's Press Team|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/formation-of-state-administration-councils-press-team/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221105955/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/formation-of-state-administration-councils-press-team/|archive-date=21 February 2021|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|language=en-US}}
=Sanctions=
On 11 February, the United States government imposed sanctions on six military officers of the SAC, namely Min Aung Hlaing, Soe Win, Mya Tun Oo, Tin Aung San, Aung Lin Dwe, and Ye Win Oo. On the same day, Soe Htut, who later became a member of the SAC, was also sanctioned.{{Cite web|date=11 February 2021|title=United States Targets Leaders of Burma's Military Coup Under New Executive Order|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0024|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413013825/https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0024|archive-date=13 April 2021|access-date=16 February 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury}} On 22 February, the United States government imposed sanctions on two military officers, Maung Maung Kyaw and Moe Myint Tun.{{Cite web|title=United States Targets Members of Burma's State Administrative Council following Violence against Protestors|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0031|date=22 February 2021|publisher=U.S. Department of The Treasury|format=|doi=|access-date=27 February 2021|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227015005/https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0031|url-status=live}} On 17 May and 2 July, the U.S. government imposed sanctions on four and three civilian members of the SAC, respectively.{{Cite web|title=Treasury Sanctions Governing Body, Officials, and Family Members Connected to Burma's Military|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0180|date=17 May 2021|publisher=U.S. Department of The Treasury|format=|doi=|access-date=18 May 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517235011/https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0180|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Treasury Sanctions Senior Officials and Family Members Connected to Burma's Military|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0260|date=2 July 2021|publisher=U.S. Department of The Treasury|format=|doi=|access-date=3 July 2021|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702235832/https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0260|url-status=live}} On 17 May, the United States government designated the SAC as an object to sanctions.
As of late August 2021, of all SAC members, only three civilians, Jeng Phang Naw Taung, Moung Har and Shwe Kyein, have not been sanctioned by the United States government.
= Government reshuffle =
SAC has terminated numerous civil servants across multiple government bodies, including the Supreme Court,{{Cite web|title=Duty Termination From Justices Of Supreme Court Of The Union|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/duty-termination-from-justices-of-supreme-court-of-the-union/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=5 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=21 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221130312/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/duty-termination-from-justices-of-supreme-court-of-the-union/|url-status=live}} union-level ministries,{{Cite web|title=Duty Termination From Deputy Ministers|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/duty-termination-from-deputy-ministers/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=2 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204173629/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/duty-termination-from-deputy-ministers/|url-status=live}} the Naypyidaw Council, and Union Civil Service Board.{{Cite web|title=Republic Of The Union Of Myanmar Office Of Commander-in-Chief Of Defence Services|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/republic-of-the-union-of-myanmar-office-of-commander-in-chief-of-defence-services/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=2 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204161646/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/republic-of-the-union-of-myanmar-office-of-commander-in-chief-of-defence-services/|url-status=live}} It has quickly appointed replacements, including union ministers,{{Cite web|title=Appointment And Duty Assignment Of Union Minister|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-union-minister/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=5 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=21 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221145101/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-union-minister/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Appointment Of Union Minister|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-union-minister/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=16 August 2014|language=en-US|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413222319/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-union-minister/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Appointment And Duty Assignment Of Union Minister|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-union-minister-3/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=9 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=21 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221211618/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-union-minister-3/|url-status=live}} mayors,{{Cite web|title=Appointment And Duty Assignment Of Mayor|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-mayor/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=8 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=21 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221143925/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-mayor/|url-status=live}} agency executives, members of the Central Bank of Myanmar,{{Cite web|title=Appointment And Duty Assignment Of Deputy Governors Of Central Bank Of Myanmar|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-deputy-governors-of-central-bank-of-myanmar/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=5 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=21 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221110808/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-deputy-governors-of-central-bank-of-myanmar/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Appointment Of Central Bank Of Myanmar Members|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-of-central-bank-of-myanmar-members/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=11 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=22 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222042527/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-of-central-bank-of-myanmar-members/|url-status=live}} Union Civil Service Board,{{Cite web|title=Appointment And Duty Assignment Of Union Civil Service Board Members|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-union-civil-service-board-members/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=9 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=21 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221220454/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-union-civil-service-board-members/|url-status=live}} judges,{{Cite web|title=Appointment And Duty Assignment Of Chief Justices Of Region High Courts|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-chief-justices-of-region-high-courts/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=8 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419153848/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-chief-justices-of-region-high-courts/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Appointment And Duty Assignment Of Judges Of Region/State High Court|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-judges-of-region-state-high-court/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=8 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=21 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221092740/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-judges-of-region-state-high-court/|url-status=live}} and Supreme Court justices.{{Cite web|title=Appointment And Duty Assignment Of Supreme Court Justices|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-supreme-court-justices/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=8 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=21 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221173901/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-supreme-court-justices/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Appointment And Duty Assignment Of Justices For Supreme Court Of The Union|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-justices-for-supreme-court-of-the-union/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=5 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=21 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221171905/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-justices-for-supreme-court-of-the-union/|url-status=live}} On 8 February, SAC appointed a new Constitutional Tribunal.{{Cite web|title=Appointment And Assignment Of Chairman And Members Of Constitutional Tribunal Of The Union|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-assignment-of-chairman-and-members-of-constitutional-tribunal-of-the-union/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=9 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=21 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221211544/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-assignment-of-chairman-and-members-of-constitutional-tribunal-of-the-union/|url-status=live}}
On 11 February, SAC formed State and Region Administration Councils and their leaders for Myanmar's 14 states and regions.{{Cite web|title=Appointment And Duty Assignment Of Region Administration Council Chairmen|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-region-administration-council-chairmen/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=9 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=22 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222045146/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-region-administration-council-chairmen/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Appointment And Duty Assignment Of Region/State Administration Council Members|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-region-state-administration-council-members/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=12 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=22 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222041317/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-and-duty-assignment-of-region-state-administration-council-members/|url-status=live}} It also appointed military officers to run Self-Administered Zone Councils for the country's autonomous zones.{{Cite web|title=Appointment Of The Self-administered Division/zones Administration Committee Members|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-of-the-self-administered-division-zones-administration-committee-members/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|date=12 February 2021 |language=en-US|archive-date=21 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221185121/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/appointment-of-the-self-administered-division-zones-administration-committee-members/|url-status=live}}
== 2 August reshuffle ==
- Under Order No 57/2023, the State Administration Council was reformed with 18 members.
- Under Order No 55/2023, U Maung Ko and Dr Aung Kyaw Min were retired from their duty assignment as SAC members.
- Under Order No 56/2023, Dr Kyaw Tun is transferred and assigned as a member of the SAC's Central Advisory Body.
- Under Order No 58/2023, Union Chief Justice U Htun Htun Oo is retired from duty assignment.
- Under Order No 59/2023, Union Minister for Religious Affairs and Culture U Ko Ko, Union Minister for Electric Power U Thaung Han, Union Auditor-General U Tin Oo, Anti-Corruption Commission Chairman Dr Htay Aung and Myanmar National Human Rights Commission Chairman U Hla Myint were retired from their duty assignment.
- Under Order No 60/2023, Union Minister of Energy U Myo Myint Oo and Union Minister for Labour Dr Pwint San were retired from their duty assignment.
= Resistance and protests =
{{Main|2021 Myanmar protests}}
On 9 February, a 36-page draft cybersecurity law proposed by SAC was circulated to Myanmar's mobile operators and telecoms license holders for industry feedback.{{Cite news|title=Myanmar junta cyber bill would violate rights, critics say|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/myanmar-politics-internet-int-idUSKBN2AA2AU|access-date=11 February 2021|archive-date=19 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819063635/https://www.reuters.com/article/myanmar-politics-internet-int-idUSKBN2AA2AU|url-status=live}} The draft bill would make internet providers accountable for preventing or removing content that "cause[s] hatred, destroy unity and tranquility" and would require ISPs to store user data at a government-prescribed location for a minimum of 3 years.{{Cite web|last=Reed|first=John|date=10 February 2021|title=Myanmar junta pushes punitive cyber security bill|url=https://www.ft.com/content/7b02059f-d6b7-4b69-9612-80683b849424|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314103934/https://www.ft.com/content/7b02059f-d6b7-4b69-9612-80683b849424|archive-date=14 March 2021|access-date=16 February 2021|website=Financial Times}} A coalition of 150 civil service organizations publicly denounced the bill for violating the fundamental rights to freedom of expression, data protection, and privacy, and other democratic norms in the digital space, and for granting state authorities the ability to ban unfavorable content, restrict ISPs, and intercept data.
On 10 February, the SAC conducted late-night raids to arrest senior civilian politicians and election officials throughout the country, in an attempt to neutralize the NLD.{{Cite web|title=Military casts a wide net with a series of late-night raids|url=https://www.myanmar-now.org/en/news/military-casts-a-wide-net-with-a-series-of-late-night-raids|access-date=16 February 2021|website=Myanmar NOW|language=en|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212011650/https://www.myanmar-now.org/en/news/military-casts-a-wide-net-with-a-series-of-late-night-raids|url-status=live}} High-profile arrests include the detentions of the Chief Ministers of Tanintharyi Region, Shan, Chin, Kachin, Karen and Rakhine State's, as well as dozens of township- and district-level election officials.
On 11 February, SAC remitted the sentences of 23,314 prisoners.{{Cite web|date=12 February 2021|title=Remitting Prison Sentences|url=https://www.gnlm.com.mm/remitting-prison-sentences/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221232034/https://www.gnlm.com.mm/remitting-prison-sentences/|archive-date=21 February 2021|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Global New Light Of Myanmar|language=en-US}} Among those released were supporters of the assassin who killed Ko Ni, the NLD's legal advisor.{{Cite web|date=8 February 2021|title=MYANMAR PROTESTS LIVE: Hundreds of thousands continue to defy ban on gatherings, threats of 'action'|url=https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/myanmar-protests-live-tens-of-thousands-gathering-in-yangon-demonstrations-in-other-major-cities/|access-date=12 February 2021|website=Frontier Myanmar|language=en-US|archive-date=21 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221104942/https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/myanmar-protests-live-tens-of-thousands-gathering-in-yangon-demonstrations-in-other-major-cities/|url-status=live}} The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners expressed serious concern that the amnesty was intended to clear prison space in order to detain political prisoners.{{Cite web|author=Carly Walsh and Brett McKeehan|title=Myanmar military releases more than 23,000 prisoners|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/12/asia/myanmar-prisoner-release-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=13 February 2021|website=CNN|date=12 February 2021 |archive-date=13 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213161143/https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/12/asia/myanmar-prisoner-release-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live}} A recent spate of crimes, including arson, has coincided with the timing of the amnesty.{{Cite web|date=14 February 2021|title=Myanmar enacts new privacy laws as public unrest escalates|url=https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-enacts-new-privacy-laws-public-unrest-escalates.html|access-date=16 February 2021|website=The Myanmar Times|archive-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215130857/https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-enacts-new-privacy-laws-public-unrest-escalates.html|url-status=live}}
On 14 February, SAC amended existing privacy protection laws, which effectively enables the Commander-in-Chief to temporarily restrict or suspend the fundamental rights of citizens, including warrantless arrests and searches, until power is transferred to a newly elected government. SAC also enacted Law 3/2021, which requires all residents to register overnight guests outside of their official household with their respective township or ward administrators. The military era law had previously been repealed by the NLD-led government.
On 12 February, the Ministry of Information sent directives to the Myanmar Press Council,{{Cite web|agency=Bloomberg|title=Stop calling it a coup, Myanmar military warns media|url=https://www.nst.com.my/world/world/2021/02/665612/stop-calling-it-coup-myanmar-military-warns-media|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215020316/https://www.nst.com.my/world/world/2021/02/665612/stop-calling-it-coup-myanmar-military-warns-media|archive-date=15 February 2021|date=14 February 2021|access-date=24 February 2021|website=New Straits Times}} a media-adjudication and media-dispute settling body, that the media must report ethically and avoid instigating public unrest but the gradual resignation of twenty three out of twenty six members following the military coup has made it subjected to the cessation of functions. More distinctively, the directives say that the words "regime or junta" cannot be used for the State Administrative Council. Ten days after the directions of the Ministry of Information to the Press Council, Min Aung Hlaing, the military coup leader, threatened publications in Myanmar would lose their publishing licenses for the usage of the military regime or junta. Most local media said terms like "military council, junta or regime" will still be used in their reporting.{{Cite web|title=Myanmar Junta Leader Warns Media Against Using 'Junta' or 'Regime'|url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-junta-leader-warns-media-using-junta-regime.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224002050/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-junta-leader-warns-media-using-junta-regime.html|archive-date=24 February 2021|date=23 February 2021|access-date=24 February 2021|website=The Irrawaddy News}}{{Cite web|title=အာဏာသိမ်းစစ်အစိုးရလို့ ဆက်သုံးရင် ထုတ်ဝေခွင့်ပိတ်မယ်လို့ စစ်ကောင်စီခြိမ်းခြောက်|url=https://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/press-freedom-and-military-coup-02222021135646.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222191557/https://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/press-freedom-and-military-coup-02222021135646.html|archive-date=22 February 2021|date=22 February 2021|access-date=24 February 2021|website=Radio Free Asia (RFA)|language=my}}
On 1 March, the CRPH designated the SAC as a "terrorist group".
= Formation of caretaker government =
On 1 August, SAC was re-formed as a caretaker government and Min Aung Hlaing appointed himself as Prime Minister of that government.{{Cite web|date=1 August 2021|title=Urgent: Myanmar forms caretaker government: State Administration Council|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-08/01/c_1310100662.htm|url-status=live|access-date=8 October 2021|website=Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008051114/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-08/01/c_1310100662.htm}}{{Cite news|date=1 August 2021|title=Myanmar military leader takes new title of prime minister in caretaker government – state media|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/myanmar-military-leader-takes-new-title-prime-minister-caretaker-government-2021-08-01/|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801101648/https://www.reuters.com/world/india/myanmar-military-leader-takes-new-title-prime-minister-caretaker-government-2021-08-01/|url-status=live}} The same day, Min Aung Hlaing announced that the country's state of emergency had been extended by an additional 2 years, until elections were held.{{Cite web|date=1 August 2021|title=Myanmar military extends emergency, promises vote in 2 years|url=https://apnews.com/article/business-health-elections-coronavirus-pandemic-myanmar-8504af88bd5b2c2c2b30c7da5baa8ad5|access-date=8 October 2021|website=AP NEWS|language=en|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008052136/https://apnews.com/article/business-health-elections-coronavirus-pandemic-myanmar-8504af88bd5b2c2c2b30c7da5baa8ad5|url-status=live}} On 31 July 2023, the state of emergency was extended another six months for the fourth time,{{Cite web |title=Myanmar junta to extend state of emergency a fourth time: reports |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Myanmar-Crisis/Myanmar-junta-to-extend-state-of-emergency-a-fourth-time-reports |access-date=2023-10-18 |website=Nikkei Asia |language=en-GB |archive-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821213711/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Myanmar-Crisis/Myanmar-junta-to-extend-state-of-emergency-a-fourth-time-reports |url-status=live }} starting from 1 August.{{Cite news |date=2023-07-31 |title=Myanmar junta extends state of emergency, forcing delay to elections |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/31/myanmar-junta-extends-state-of-emergency-forcing-delay-to-elections |access-date=2023-10-18 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823074010/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/31/myanmar-junta-extends-state-of-emergency-forcing-delay-to-elections |url-status=live }}
= Conscription =
On 10 February 2024, the State Administration Council activated conscription under the 2010 SPDC People's Military Service Law in response to anti-junta ethnic militias and pro-democracy rebels capturing massive swathes of territory.{{Cite news |date=11 February 2024 |title=Myanmar's junta declares it will enforce military service laws for young people |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/11/myanmars-junta-declares-it-will-enforce-military-service-laws-for-young-people |work=The Guardian}}
See more at: Provisional Government of Myanmar
Members
= Current members =
On 25 September 2023, the State Administration Council reconstituted itself with Order No 85/2023, along with the reshuffle of cabinet member.
The council's members are as of 25 September 2023:{{Cite web |title=Reconstitution of State Administration Council |url=https://cdn.myanmarseo.com/file/client-cdn/2023/09/26_Sept_23_gnlm.pdf |website=Global New Light of Myanmar |access-date=26 September 2023 |archive-date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926043953/https://cdn.myanmarseo.com/file/client-cdn/2023/09/26_Sept_23_gnlm.pdf |url-status=live }}
class="wikitable"
! !Name !Position !Took office !Party |
1
|Senior General Min Aung Hlaing | rowspan="9" |Tatmadaw |
2
|Vice Senior General Soe Win |
3
|Lieutenant-General Aung Lin Dwe |
4
|Lieutenant-General Ye Win Oo |
5
|General Mya Tun Oo |
6
|Admiral Tin Aung San |
7
|General Maung Maung Aye |Member |25 September 2023 |
8
|Lieutenant-General Yar Pyae |Member |
9
|Lieutenant-General Nyo Saw |Member |25 September 2023 |
10
|Member |1 February 2023 |USDP |
11
|Dwe Bu, Daw |Member |1 February 2023 |
12
|Porel Aung Thein |Member |1 February 2023 |USDP |
13
|Manh Nyein Maung |Member |2 February 2021 |KPP |
14
|Dr Hmuh Thang |Member |17 February 2023 |
15
|Dr Ba Shwe |Member |25 September 2023 |Independent |
16
|Khun San Lwin |Member |1 February 2023 |Independent |
17
|Shwe Kyein |Member |
18
|Yan Kyaw |Member |1 February 2023 |Independent |
= Former members =
= Central Advisory Body =
On 1 February 2023, the SAC announced the formation of State Administration Council's Central Advisory Body under Order No 7/2023.{{Cite news |date=2 February 2023 |title=Formation of State Administration Council's Central Advisory Body |pages=6 |work=Global New Light of Myanmar |url=https://cdn.myanmarseo.com/file/client-cdn/gnlm/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2_Feb_23_gnlm.pdf |access-date=26 September 2023 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202003458/https://cdn.myanmarseo.com/file/client-cdn/gnlm/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2_Feb_23_gnlm.pdf |url-status=live }}
class="wikitable"
|+Central Advisory Body (as of 1 February 2023) ! !Name !Position !Took Office !Left Office |
1
|Saw Tun Aung Myint |Team Leader | rowspan="9" |1 February 2023 | rowspan="10" |Incumbent |
2
|Thein Nyunt | rowspan="9" |Member |
3
|Khin Maung Swe |
4
|Aye Nu Sein |
5
|Moung Har |
6
|Sai Lone Seng |
7
|Saw Daniel |
8
|Dr Banyar Aung Moe |
9
|Dr Maung Maung Naing |
10
|Dr Kyaw Tun |2 August 2023 |
Territorial control
In November 2020, the Burmese military negotiated an informal ceasefire with the Arakan Army (AA), an insurgent group seeking autonomy for Rakhine State.{{Cite web |title=Relief Agencies Should Push for Independent Access to Myanmar's Rakhine State |url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/09/relief-agencies-should-push-for-independent-access-to-myanmars-rakhine-state/ |url-status=live |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=The Diplomat |language=en-US |archive-date=10 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010011413/https://thediplomat.com/2021/09/relief-agencies-should-push-for-independent-access-to-myanmars-rakhine-state/ }} The ceasefire enabled the military to redeploy allowing thousands of troops between January and early February 2021 to the country's heartland, in the leadup and wake of the February coup.{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Anthony |date=18 February 2021 |title=Why Myanmar's military will win in the end |url=https://asiatimes.com/2021/02/why-myanmars-military-will-win-in-the-end/ |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=Asia Times |language=en-US |archive-date=18 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218100610/https://asiatimes.com/2021/02/why-myanmars-military-will-win-in-the-end/ |url-status=live }} In this vacuum, the AA established its own governing institutions in Rakhine State, including in Rohingya-majority areas. In August 2021, the AA announced a parallel judicial system for state residents.{{Cite web |title=Interview: Junta Administration in Myanmar's Rakhine State 'Has Totally Collapsed, Says Former MP |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/rakhine-09292021154720.html |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=Radio Free Asia |language=en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010011413/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/rakhine-09292021154720.html |url-status=live }} By September 2021, the AA and its political wing, the United League of Arakan (ULA) effectively controlled 75% of the state's townships.
As of October 2021, over a hundred local SAC-appointed administrators in Sagaing, Magwe, and Yangon Regions have also resigned from their posts, following threats from People's Defence Force groups.{{Cite web |date=8 October 2021 |title=Local Myanmar Officials Quit in Droves Following Threats From Anti-Junta Groups |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/local-myanmar-officials-quit-in-droves-following-threats-from-anti-junta-groups.html |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=The Irrawaddy |language=en-US |archive-date=10 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010011419/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/local-myanmar-officials-quit-in-droves-following-threats-from-anti-junta-groups.html |url-status=live }} Local administration offices have been used to strengthen the military's administrative power, revive neighbourhood surveillance networks, and enforce SAC mandates, including registration of household guests with local authorities.
On 5 September 2022, the Special Advisory Council for Myanmar (SAC-M) reported that the junta has stable territorial control in 22% (72 of 330) of townships in Myanmar, comprising only 17% of Myanmar's land area.{{Cite journal |date=5 September 2022 |title=Briefing Paper: Effective Control in Myanmar |url=https://specialadvisorycouncil.org/2022/09/briefing-effective-control-myanmar/ |journal=Special Advisory Council for Myanmar |pages=13 |access-date=11 September 2022 |archive-date=11 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911031119/https://specialadvisorycouncil.org/2022/09/briefing-effective-control-myanmar/ |url-status=live }} The report also noted that the regime's governance functions and administrative capacity were collapsing throughout the country, with much of Myanmar's townships now becoming contested territory, and resistance forces having effective territorial control in 39% of townships. Armed resistance has been most endemic in the Bamar heartland, particularly in Magwe and Sagaing Regions, as well as parts of Kachin, Kayin, Mon, and Rakhine States. On 7 September, NUG acting president Duwa Lashi La stated that the regime had lost control of half of the country, with the NUG having formed over 300 People's Defence Force battalions, and township public defence forces in 250 of the country's townships.{{Cite web |date=2022-09-07 |title=NUG: We Control Over Half of Myanmar's Territory |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/nug-we-control-over-half-of-myanmars-territory.html |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=The Irrawaddy |language=en-US |archive-date=21 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921031223/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/nug-we-control-over-half-of-myanmars-territory.html |url-status=live }}
Meetings
By end of September 2021, the SAC meeting had been held 15 times. It is unclear what an ordinal number of the coordination meeting held on 15 February 2021 was. The SAC meetings reported by state-run English newspaper are as follows.
International recognition
An increasing number of foreign governments have curbed diplomatic ties with the military-led government, following the coup.{{Cite web|date=20 April 2021|title=Countries curb diplomatic ties, weigh sanctions on Myanmar|url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-aung-san-suu-kyi-myanmar-south-korea-new-zealand-57adcce5ba263835ee485f9347e4291e|access-date=8 October 2021|website=AP NEWS|language=en|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008051115/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-aung-san-suu-kyi-myanmar-south-korea-new-zealand-57adcce5ba263835ee485f9347e4291e|url-status=live}} In February 2021, the Government of New Zealand officially announced it does not recognise the legitimacy of the military-led government, shortly after the coup. The Government of Japan does not recognize the military-led government as Myanmar's legitimate governing body.{{Cite news|date=22 August 2021|title=Japan refuses to issue visas for military-backed Myanmar diplomats|language=en|work=Mainichi Daily News|url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20210822/p2g/00m/0na/006000c|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008051113/https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20210822/p2g/00m/0na/006000c|url-status=live}} In August 2021, it refused to issue visas for two military-appointed diplomats intended to replace two Japan-based diplomats fired in March for protesting the coup.
Since the coup, ASEAN has been circumspect in avoiding the impression of giving de jure recognition to SAC in official and legal communications.{{Cite web|last=Robinson|first=Gwen|date=1 November 2021|title=Can ASEAN overcome the 'Myanmar curse'?|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Comment/Can-ASEAN-overcome-the-Myanmar-curse|url-status=live|access-date=2 November 2021|website=Nikkei Asia|language=en-GB|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102044426/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Comment/Can-ASEAN-overcome-the-Myanmar-curse}} Indonesia's foreign minister Retno Marsudi has led efforts to exclude SAC at the political level from all ASEAN meetings until democracy was restored through an inclusive process.{{Cite web |last=Baron |first=Sam |date=2022-09-08 |title=ASEAN set to get tougher on Myanmar, and Australia should follow suit |url=https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/asean-set-to-get-tougher-on-myanmar-and-australia-should-follow-suit/ |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=The Strategist |language=en-AU |archive-date=21 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921033837/https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/asean-set-to-get-tougher-on-myanmar-and-australia-should-follow-suit/ |url-status=live }} In April 2021, ASEAN member states adopted a Five-Point Consensus with respect to the Myanmar situation, calling for the immediate cessation of violence in the country, commencement of constructive dialogue for a peaceful resolution, appointment of a special ASEAN envoy to mediate on ASEAN's behalf, the provision of humanitarian assistance via the AHA Centre, and ASEAN's ability to meet with all concerned parties.{{Cite web |date=2021-04-24 |title=Chairman's Statement on the ASEAN Leaders' Meeting |url=https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/Chairmans-Statement-on-ALM-Five-Point-Consensus-24-April-2021-FINAL-a-1.pdf |website=ASEAN |access-date=21 September 2022 |archive-date=8 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008202957/https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/Chairmans-Statement-on-ALM-Five-Point-Consensus-24-April-2021-FINAL-a-1.pdf |url-status=live }}
On 4 October 2021, ASEAN leaders, including Indonesian foreign minister, Retno Marsudi, and Singaporean foreign minister, Vivian Balakrishnan, publicly expressed disappointment about the Burmese military's commitment to a peace plan.{{Cite news|date=4 October 2021|title=ASEAN ministers disappointed at Myanmar junta's peace commitment|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/myanmars-lack-cooperation-means-hard-have-junta-boss-asean-summit-malaysia-2021-10-04/|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008051115/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/myanmars-lack-cooperation-means-hard-have-junta-boss-asean-summit-malaysia-2021-10-04/|url-status=live}} Malaysian Foreign Minister Saifuddin Abdullah expressed the possibility that the SAC chairman, Min Aung Hlaing and the junta could be excluded from the upcoming ASEAN Summit.{{Cite news|last=Bandial|first=Ain|date=6 October 2021|title=ASEAN discusses excluding Myanmar junta chief from summit -envoy|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/asean-ministers-weigh-not-inviting-myanmar-junta-boss-summit-envoy-2021-10-06/|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008051113/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/asean-ministers-weigh-not-inviting-myanmar-junta-boss-summit-envoy-2021-10-06/|url-status=live}} ASEAN ultimately barred Min Aung Hlaing from attending the October summit.{{Cite news|last1=Ng|first1=Eileen|last2=Gomez|first2=Jim|date=28 October 2021|title=Brunei says Myanmar still 'integral' to ASEAN despite rebuke|work=Associated Press|url=https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-business-asia-myanmar-health-3f2f5edce4687283ba85f2acf88363c1|access-date=2 November 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102044426/https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-business-asia-myanmar-health-3f2f5edce4687283ba85f2acf88363c1|url-status=live}} As of 1 November 2021, ASEAN's official website continues to list Kyaw Tin, appointed by the civilian-led government, as Myanmar's foreign minister, and civilian-appointed Win Myint as Myanmar's head of state.{{Cite web|title=Myanmar – ASEAN|url=https://asean.org/about-asean/member-states/myanmar-2/|access-date=2 November 2021|website=The ASEAN Secretariat|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102044426/https://asean.org/about-asean/member-states/myanmar-2/|url-status=live}}
As Myanmar's humanitarian situation has continued to decline after the coup, particularly with the execution of four political prisoners in July 2022, ASEAN member states have expressed dissatisfaction with the SAC for its intransigence in implementing ASEAN's Five-Point Consensus.{{Cite web |date=2022-08-08 |title=55th ASEAN Foreign Ministers' Meeting: Much Ado About Everything (or Nothing)? |url=https://fulcrum.sg/55th-asean-foreign-ministers-meeting-much-ado-about-everything-or-nothing/ |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=FULCRUM |language=en-US |archive-date=21 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921032829/https://fulcrum.sg/55th-asean-foreign-ministers-meeting-much-ado-about-everything-or-nothing/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=2022-07-04 |title=Has ASEAN Reached the Point of Diminishing Returns with Myanmar? |url=https://fulcrum.sg/has-asean-reached-the-point-of-diminishing-returns-with-myanmar/ |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=FULCRUM |language=en-US |archive-date=21 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921032829/https://fulcrum.sg/has-asean-reached-the-point-of-diminishing-returns-with-myanmar/ |url-status=live }} In August 2022, Indonesia's foreign minister publicly criticized SAC's failure to implement the peace plan and its broken promises.{{Cite news |date=2022-08-03 |title=No goodwill yet from Myanmar junta to implement ASEAN peace plan – Indonesia foreign minister |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/no-goodwill-yet-myanmar-junta-implement-asean-peace-plan-indonesia-foreign-2022-08-03/ |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=21 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921032827/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/no-goodwill-yet-myanmar-junta-implement-asean-peace-plan-indonesia-foreign-2022-08-03/ |url-status=live }} In September 2022, Singapore's foreign minister expressed its disappointment in SAC's progress against the consensus.{{Cite web |last=Auto |first=Hermes |date=2022-09-13 |title=Asean leaders will have to assess progress of Myanmar peace plans: Vivian Balakrishnan |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/asean-leaders-will-have-to-assess-progress-of-myanmar-peace-plans-vivian-balakrishnan |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |archive-date=21 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921032827/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/asean-leaders-will-have-to-assess-progress-of-myanmar-peace-plans-vivian-balakrishnan |url-status=live }} On 20 September 2022, Malaysia became the first ASEAN member state to publicly engage with the competing NUG.{{Cite web |date=2022-09-20 |title=Malaysian Foreign Minister Meets With Myanmar's Parallel Civilian Govt |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/malaysian-foreign-minister-meets-with-myanmars-parallel-civilian-govt.html |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=The Irrawaddy |language=en-US |archive-date=21 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921032827/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/malaysian-foreign-minister-meets-with-myanmars-parallel-civilian-govt.html |url-status=live }}
In November 2022, the European Union instituted economic sanctions on the State Administration Council.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-08 |title=EU targets 19 more Myanmar officials with sanctions |url=https://apnews.com/article/europe-asia-myanmar-southeast-aung-san-suu-kyi-a126bca4f19df82d1d1092b3b5c79342 |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=AP NEWS |language=en |archive-date=19 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119033905/https://apnews.com/article/europe-asia-myanmar-southeast-aung-san-suu-kyi-a126bca4f19df82d1d1092b3b5c79342 |url-status=live }}
In 2021, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution condemning Myanmar's military leaders and calling for a halt in arms sales to the country. The resolution calls on the Myanmar's military to respect democratic election results and release political detainees as well as urging non-recognition of the junta.{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/06/18/un-set-adopt-resolution-condemning-myanmars-military-junta/ |title=Archived copy |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321220121/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/06/18/un-set-adopt-resolution-condemning-myanmars-military-junta/ |url-status=live }}
See also
- Ministry of the State Administration Council Chairman's Office
- 2021 Myanmar coup d'état
- Provisional Government of Myanmar
- State Peace and Development Council, the military regime from 1988 to 2011
Notes
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References
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{{Government of Myanmar}}
Category:2021 establishments in Myanmar
Category:2021 in military history
Category:Entities related to Myanmar sanctions
Category:Government of Myanmar
Category:Internal conflict in Myanmar
Category:Military rule in Myanmar
Category:Military history of Myanmar
Category:Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist
Category:Politicide perpetrators
Category:Provisional governments
Category:Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List