Mycoplasmataceae
{{Short description|Family of bacteria}}
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{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Mycoplasma Howe Bovine Mastitis 2022.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Mycoplasma growth on Hayflick agar from a bovine mastitis infection sample
| taxon = Mycoplasmataceae
| authority = Freundt, 1955
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
- "Edwardiiplasma"
- Entomoplasma
- "Ca. Mariplasma"
- "Ca. Medusoplasma"
- Mesoplasma
- Mycoplasma
- "Tullyiplasma"
- "Ca. Vermiplasma"
- Williamsoniiplasma
| synonyms =
- "Borrelomycetaceae" Turner 1935
- Entomoplasmataceae Tully et al. 1993
- "Haemobartonellaceae" Yanokov 1973
- "Parasitaceae" Sabin 1941
- "Pleuropneumoniaceae" Tulasne & Brisou 1955
}}
{{expert needed|Medicine|talk=Expert attention needed|date=June 2022}}
Mycoplasmataceae is a family of bacteriaE.A. Freundt [http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/5/2/67.pdf The classification of the pleuropneumonia group of organisms (Borrelomycetales)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052051/http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/5/2/67.pdf |date=22 December 2017 }} International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy, 1955, 5, 67–78.] (See page 73) in the order Mycoplasmatales. This family consists of Mycoplasma and four more genera.
In 1967, the order Mycoplasmatales was incorporated into the class Mollicutes.{{cite journal | vauthors = Edward DG, Freundt EA | year = 1967 | title = Proposal for Mollicutes as name of the class established for the order Mycoplasmatales | journal = Int J Syst Bacteriol | volume = 17 | issue = 3 | pages = 269–272 | doi = 10.1099/00207713-17-3-267 | doi-access = free }} Sexually-transmitted species and Ureaplasma are classified in Mycoplasmoidaceae since 2018.{{cite journal| last1=Gupta|first1=R.S.| last2=Sawnani|first2=S.| last3=Adeolu|first3=M.| last4=Alnajar|first4=S.| last5=Oren|first5=A.| title=Phylogenetic framework for the phylum Tenericutes based on genome sequence data: proposal for the creation of a new order Mycoplasmoidales ord. nov., containing two new families Mycoplasmoidaceae fam. nov. and Metamycoplasmataceae fam. nov. harbouring Eperythrozoon, Ureaplasma and five novel genera| journal=Antonie van Leeuwenhoek| volume=111| issue=9| pages=1583–1630| year=2018| doi=10.1007/s10482-018-1047-3|pmid=29556819 |s2cid=254226604 }}
Taxonomy
=''Mycoplasma''=
{{Main|Mycoplasma}}
Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall and possess a three-layered cellular membrane.{{cite book | veditors = Ryan KJ, Ray CG | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | pages=409–12 |edition = 4th | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-0-8385-8529-0}} They can be parasitic or saprotrophic.
Several species formerly classified as Mycoplasma are sexually transmitted and pathogenic in humans (see {{section link|Mollicutes|Species which infect humans}}). Others are found on cats, dogs, and barnyard fowl.
=Taxa infecting insects =
A few genera infecting insects were added to this family in 2019 using molecular phylogenetic evidence. These genera were originally called Entomoplasmataceae and believed to be monophyletic.Revised taxonomy of the class Mollicutes: proposed elevation of a monophyletic cluster of arthropod-associated mollicutes to ordinal rank (Entomoplasmatales ord. nov.), with provision for familial rank to separate species with nonhelical morphology (Entomoplasmataceae fam. nov.) from helical species (Spiroplasmataceae), and emended descriptions of the order Mycoplasmatales, family Mycoplasmataceae. Tully J.G., Bove J.M., Laigret F. and Whitcomb R.F., Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, volume 43, pages 378-385 ([http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/content/43/2/378.full.pdf article]{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}) However, work in 2019 found it to be a paraphyletic group by the exclusion of Mycoplasma. The two original genera (Mesoplasma and Entomoplasma) were also found to be in need of breaking up due to polyphyly. As a result five genera were finally added:{{cite journal |last=Gupta |first=Radhey S. |last2=Son |first2=Jeen |last3=Oren |first3=Aharon |title=A phylogenomic and molecular markers based taxonomic framework for members of the order Entomoplasmatales: proposal for an emended order Mycoplasmatales containing the family Spiroplasmataceae and emended family Mycoplasmataceae {{sic|comprised |hide=y|of}} six genera |journal=Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |volume=112 |issue=4 |date=2019 |issn=0003-6072 |doi=10.1007/s10482-018-1188-4 |pages=561–588 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10482-018-1188-4 |access-date=2025-06-11}}
- Mesoplasma (formerly "Mesoplasma clade I")
- Entomoplasma (formerly "Entomoplasma clade I")
- Tullyiplasma (formerly "Mesoplasma clade II")
- Williamsoniiplasma (formerly "Entomoplasma clade II")
- Edwardiiplasma (formerly "Mesoplasma clade III")
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN){{cite web |author=J.P. Euzéby |url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/family/mycoplasmataceae |title=Mycoplasmataceae |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)}} and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).{{cite web |author=Sayers |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=2092&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock |title=Mycoplasmataceae |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database |display-authors=et al.}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231470-overview Ureaplasma Infection: eMedicine Infectious Diseases]
{{Bacteria classification}}
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{{Authority control}}