Myliobatis
{{Short description|Genus of cartilaginous fishes}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic_taxobox
| name = Myliobatis
| image = Myliobatis californica monterey bay aquarium.jpg
| image_caption = Myliobatis californica
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|65|0}} Danian to present{{cite journal
|last = Sepkoski
|first = J.
|title = A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (Chondrichthyes entry)
|journal = Bulletins of American Paleontology
|volume = 364
|page = 560
|date = 2002
|url = http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=575&rank=class
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120510170834/http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=575&rank=class
|archive-date = 2012-05-10
}}
| taxon = Myliobatis
| authority = Cuvier, 1816
| type_species = Myliobatis aquila
| type_species_authority = (Linnaeus, 1758)
| subdivision_ranks =
| subdivision = See text
}}
Myliobatis is a genus of eagle rays in the family Myliobatidae.
Description
Myliobatis species can reach a width up to about {{convert|1.8|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}.{{FishBase genus | genus = Myliobatis| month = July | year = 2017}} Their bodies consist of a rhomboidal disc, wider than long, with one dorsal fin. The head is broad and short, with eyes and spiracles on the sides. The tail is slender, with one or two large spines at the base, without tail fin.[http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Myliobatis Discover life]
The teeth are arranged in the lower and upper jaws in flat tooth plates called pavement teeth, each consisting of about seven series of plates, which are used to crush clam shells and crustaceans.
Biology
Myliobatis species are ovoviviparous. Their gestation lasts about six months, and a female produces four to seven embryos. Myliobatis species mainly feed on molluscs, bottom-living crustaceans, and small fishes.
Habitat
Species
=Extant species=
Currently, 11 species in this genus are recognized:{{cite journal | last1 = White | first1 = W.T. | year = 2014 | title = A revised generic arrangement for the eagle ray family Myliobatidae, with definitions for the valid genera | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3860 | issue = 2| pages = 149–166 | doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3860.2.3 | pmid = 25283197}}
=Extinct species=
File:Myliobatidae - Mylobatis dixoni.JPG (Morocco), 55-45 Mya]]
Extinct species within this genus include:[http://shark-references.com/species/listValidFossil/M Shark References]
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
- †Myliobatis acutus Agassiz, 1843
- †Myliobatis affinis Chapman & Cudmore, 1924
- †Myliobatis albestii Pauca, 1929
- †Myliobatis altavillae Meschinelli, 1924
- †Myliobatis altus Davis, 1888
- †Myliobatis americanus Bravard, 1884
- †Myliobatis angustidens Sismonda, 1849
- †Myliobatis angustus Agassiz, 1843
- †Myliobatis arcuatus Davis, 1888
- †Myliobatis bellardii Issel, 1877
- †Myliobatis bilobatus Dartevelle & Casier, 1943
- †Myliobatis bisulcus Marsh, 1870
- †Myliobatis bothriodon White, 1926
- †Myliobatis canaliculatus Agassiz, 1843
- †Myliobatis colei Agassiz, 1843
- †Myliobatis crassidens Dartevelle & Casier, 1959
- †Myliobatis dimorphus Delfortrie, 1871
- †Myliobatis dispar Leriche, 1913
- †Myliobatis dixoni Agassiz, 1843
- †Myliobatis elatus Stromer, 1905
- †Myliobatis enormis Mendiola, 1999
- †Myliobatis erctensis Salinas, 1901
- †Myliobatis fastigiatus Leidy, 1876
- †Myliobatis fraasi Stromer, 1905
- †Myliobatis frangens Eastman, 1904
- †Myliobatis funiculatus Delfortrie, 1871
- †Myliobatis gigas Cope, 1867
- †Myliobatis girondicus Pedroni, 1844
- †Myliobatis goniopleurus Agassiz, 1843
- †Myliobatis granulosus Issel, 1877
- †Myliobatis haueri Penecke, 1884
- †Myliobatis holmesii Gibbes, 1849
- †Myliobatis intermedius Dartevelle & Casier, 1943
- †Myliobatis kummeli Fowler, 1911
- †Myliobatis lagaillardei Thomas, 1904
- †Myliobatis lateralis Agassiz, 1843
- †Myliobatis leidyi Hay, 1899
- †Myliobatis leognanensis Delfortrie, 1871
- †Myliobatis lepersonnei Dartevelle & Casier, 1959
- †Myliobatis llopisi Bauzá & Gomez Pallerola, 1982
- †Myliobatis marginalis Agassiz, 1843
- †Myliobatis merriami Jordan & Beal, 1913
- †Myliobatis meyeri Weiler, 1922
- †Myliobatis micropleurus Agassiz, 1843
- †Myliobatis microrhizus Delfortrie, 1871
- †Myliobatis miocenicus Böhm, 1942
- †Myliobatis mokattamensis Stromer, 1905
- †Myliobatis monnieri Cappetta, 1986
- †Myliobatis moorabbinensis Chapman & Pritchard, 1907
- †Myliobatis mordax Leidy, 1876
- †Myliobatis moutai Dartevelle & Casier, 1959
- †Myliobatis nzadinensis Dartevelle & Casier, 1943
- †Myliobatis oweni Agassiz, 1843
- †Myliobatis pachyodon Cope, 1867
- †Myliobatis pachyrhizodus Fowler, 1911
- †Myliobatis pentoni Woodward, 1893
- †Myliobatis placentinus Carraroli, 1897
- †Myliobatis plicatilis Davis, 1888
- †Myliobatis prenticei Chapman & Cudmore, 1924
- †Myliobatis raouxi Arambourg, 1952
- †Myliobatis rima Meyer, 1844
- †Myliobatis rivierei Sauvage, 1878
- †Myliobatis rugosus Leidy, 1855
- †Myliobatis salentinus Botti, 1877
- †Myliobatis semperei Mendiola, 1999
- †Myliobatis sendaicus Hatai, Murata & Masuda, 1965
- †Myliobatis serratus Meyer, 1843
- †Myliobatis sinhaleyus Deraniyagala, 1937
- †Myliobatis stokesii Agassiz, 1843
- †Myliobatis striatus Buckland, 1837
- †Myliobatis strobeli Issel, 1877
- †Myliobatis testae Philippi, 1846
- †Myliobatis tewarii Mishra, 1980
- †Myliobatis toliapicus Agassiz, 1843
- †Myliobatis transversalis Gibbes, 1849
- †Myliobatis tumidens Woodward, 1889
- †Myliobatis undulatus Chaffee, 1939
- †Myliobatis vicomicanus Cope, 1867
- †Myliobatis wurnoensis White, 1934
{{div col end}}
These eagle rays lived from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary periods (from 70.6 to 0.012 Ma). Fossils of these fishes have been found worldwide.
The extinct species Myliobatis dixoni is known from Tertiary deposits along the Atlantic seaboards of the United States, Brazil, Nigeria, England, and Germany.
Gallery
{{clear}}
Image:Myliobatis aquila Réunion.jpg|M. aquila
Image:Myliobatis californica pt lobos.jpg|M. californica
Image:Fish4341 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg|M. freminvillei
Image:Myliobatis australis seal rocks.jpg|M. tenuicaudatus
Image:TobiEIesa.jpg|M. tobijei
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite journal | last1 = Aguiar | first1 = A.A. | last2 = Gallo | first2 = V. | last3 = Valentin | first3 = J.L. | year = 2004 | title = Using the size independent discriminant analysis to distinguish the species of Myliobatis Cuvier (Batoidea: Myliobatidae) from Brazil | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 464 | pages = 1–7 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.464.1.1 }}
- Compagno, L.J.V. (1999): Checklist of living elasmobranchs. A: Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The Johns Hopkins University Press: 471-498.
- {{cite journal | last1 = Garman | first1 = S | year = 1913 | title = The Plagiostomia (Sharks, Skates and Rays) | journal = Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology | volume = 36 | pages = 1–515 }}
- {{cite journal | last1 = Gill | first1 = T.N. | year = 1865 | title = Note on the family of myliobatoids, and on a new species of Aetobatis | journal = Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York | volume = 8 | pages = 135–138 | doi = 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1867.tb00300.x }}
- Walker, C. & Ward, D. (1993): - Fossielen: Sesam Natuur Handboeken, Bosch & Keuning, Baarn. {{ISBN|90-246-4924-2}}
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