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Myna

{{short description|Common name for several species of birds}}

{{About|the bird}}

{{About|the Asian bird|the Australian bird|Manorina|the South American bird|Geositta}}

{{Redirect|Myna bird|the bird commonly known as the 'myna bird' in aviculture|Common hill myna|present-day rock band|The Mynabirds}}

{{Redirect|Mynah birds|the 1960s band|The Mynah Birds}}

{{one source|date=June 2011}}

{{Paraphyletic group

| auto = yes

| image = Acridotheres tristis -Sydney, Australia-8.jpg

| image_caption = Common myna (Acridotheres tristis)

| parent = Sturnidae

}}

The mynas ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|aɪ|n|ə}}; also spelled mynah) are a group of birds in the starling family (Sturnidae). This is a group of passerine birds which are native to Iran and Southern Asia, especially Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Several species have been introduced to areas like North America, Australia, South Africa, Fiji and New Zealand, especially the common myna, which is often regarded as an invasive species. It is often known as "Selarang" and "Teck Meng" in Malay and Chinese respectively in Singapore, due to their high population there.

Mynas are not a natural group;{{sfn|Zuccon|Cibois|Pasquet|Ericson|2006}} instead, the term myna is used for any starling in the Indian subcontinent, regardless of their relationships. This range was colonized twice during the evolution of starlings, first by rather ancestral starlings related to the coleto and Aplonis lineages, and millions of years later by birds related to the common starling and wattled starling's ancestors. These two groups of mynas can be distinguished in the more terrestrial adaptions of the latter, which usually also have less glossy plumage, except on the heads, and longer tails. The Bali myna, which is critically endangered and nearly extinct in the wild, is highly distinctive.

Some mynas are considered talking birds, for their ability to reproduce sounds, including human speech, when in captivity.

Myna is derived from the Hindi/Urdu (मैना / {{lang|hi|مینا}}) mainā which itself is derived from Sanskrit madanā.{{cite encyclopedia |url= http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/myna | entry= myna | via= CollinsDictionary.com | title= Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged | edition= 11th | access-date= November 22, 2012}}{{cite dictionary | entry= myna | title= New Oxford American Dictionary}}

Characteristics

Mynas are medium-sized passerines with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct, and they are gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit.

File:A Common Myna in Cage.jpg

Plumage is typically dark, often brown, although some species have yellow head ornaments. Most species nest in holes.

Some species have become well known for their imitative skills; the common hill myna is one of these.

Species

The following are species of mynas. The coleto and the two Saroglossa starlings are included because of their position in the taxonomic list.

=Jungle and hill mynas=

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="True" mynas=

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="Gracupica" mynas=

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The following species are often included in the Acridotheres mynas:

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References

{{Reflist}}

Sources

{{refbegin}}

  • {{cite journal

| first1 = Dario

| last1 = Zuccon

| first2 = Alice

| last2 = Cibois

| first3 = Eric

| last3 = Pasquet

| first4 = Per G. P.

| last4 = Ericson

| date = 2006

| title = Nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data reveal the major lineages of starlings, mynas and related taxa.

| journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

| volume = 41

| issue = 2

| pages = 333–344

| doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.007

| pmid = 16806992

| bibcode = 2006MolPE..41..333Z

}}

{{refend}}

External links

{{Commons category|Sturnidae}}

  • [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/starlings-sturnidae Myna videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
  • [https://archive.org/details/MeowingMynahBirdInYogya Recording of a Myna bird in Yogyakarta, Indonesia] on internet Archive

Category:Sturnidae

Category:Bird common names