Naaran#Synagogue
{{Short description|Ancient village and former synagogue, in the West Bank, Palestine}}
{{use mdy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{for|the Israeli settlement|Na'aran (Israeli settlement)}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Naaran
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| image = Jerycho Synagoga.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| alt =
| caption = Remnants of former Naaran synagogue mosaic
| map_type = West Bank
| map_alt =
| map_size = 250
| map_caption = Location of the ancient settlement in the West Bank
| location = West Bank, State of Palestine
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| coordinates = {{coord|31|53|37|N|35|25|28|E|display=inline}}
| type = Village and ancient synagogue
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| excavations = 1918; 1920; 1970s
| archaeologists = {{ubl|Charles Clermont-Ganneau|Louis-Hugues Vincent}}
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Naaran (also Na'aran) ({{langx|he|נערן}}) was an ancient Jewish village dating to the 5th and 6th century CE, located in the modern-day West Bank, in the State of Palestine. Remains of the village have been excavated north-west of Jericho. Naaran is archeologically notable for the mosaic floor of a synagogue, featuring a large zodiac design, which was discovered at the site.
Naaran is identified with Ein ad-Duk, now within the municipal boundaries of Jericho, {{cvt|5|km}} north-west of the city center.
Settlement
Naaran is mentioned in Joshua 16:7 and 1 Chronicles 7:28 as a town in the eastern part of Ephraim.{{cite web |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/ebd/ebd264.htm |title=Easton's Bible Dictionary |work=Sacred Texts |date= |access-date= }} Eusebius, in his Onomasticon, makes mention of the site, saying that in his day it was "a village inhabited by Jews, five [Roman] miles from Jericho."{{cite book |author=Eusebius |author-link=Eusebius |title=Onomasticon - The Place Names of Divine Scripture |editor1=Notley, R. Steven |editor2=Safrai, Ze'ev |editor2-link=Ze'ev Safrai |location=Brill |publisher=Leiden |year=2005 |page=130 (§732) |isbn=0-391-04217-3 }} The site is also named in the writings of Josephus (Antiquities 17.13.1), under its Greek name {{Script/Greek|Νεαρά}},{{cite journal |last1=Albright |first1=W. F.|author1-link=William F. Albright |title=Excavations and Results at Tell el-Fûl (Gibeah of Saul) (1922-1923) |journal=The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research |volume=4 |publisher=American Schools of Oriental Research |page=153 (note 3) |date=1924 |jstor=3768487 }} and in the Midrash Rabba (Leviticus Rabbah 23:5), which notes the rivalry between Naaran and the neighboring gentile city of Jericho.{{Cite book |first=Hagith |last=Sivan |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/928745908 |title=Palestine in late antiquity |date=2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-928417-7 |page=60 |oclc=928745908}}
Excavations in the vicinity of the synagogue have yielded structures dated to the Byzantine Empire period.
Synagogue
In 1918, during WWI in Palestine, a Turkish shell fired at Australian and New Zealand troops exposed part of a mosaic floor.{{cite book |last=Werlin |first=Steven |title=Ancient Synagogues of Southern Palestine, 300–800 CE |publisher=Brill |year=2015 |isbn=978-90-04-29839-2 |pages=29–70}} It was initially misidentified as a church, but later Charles Clermont-Ganneau recognised it as a synagogue. Louis-Hugues Vincent conducted excavations in the 1920s, but the site remained largely untouched until the 1970s. Despite literary evidence of the antiquity of the settlement, little information about the age of the synagogue is available. Some scholars suggest the 5th and 6th centuries CE on architectural grounds. Aramaic inscriptions and mosaics from the synagogue are displayed at an archaeology museum established by the Israeli archaeologist Yitzhak Magen at the Good Samaritan Inn.{{cite journal |url=http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=38&Issue=1&ArticleID=8 |title=Inn of the Good Samaritan Becomes a Museum |journal=Biblical Archeology |date= |access-date= |volume=38 |issue=1 |issn= |doi= }}
An Israeli settlement, kibbutz Na'aran, located {{cvt|8|km}} to the north, takes its name from Naaran.
See also
{{stack|{{portal|Judaism|Palestine}}}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{Ancient synagogues|state=collapsed}}
{{Synagogues in the State of Palestine}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Ancient Jewish settlements of Judaea
Category:Ancient synagogues in the Land of Israel
Category:Archaeological sites in the West Bank