Nahf

Remains have been found from Early Bronze IB, EB II, Middle Bronze Age II and Iron Age II,Smithline, 2005, [http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=137&mag_id=110 Nahf]Cinamon, 2012, [http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2083&mag_id=119 Nahf] as well as coins from the Ptolemaic dynasty and Antiochus III.Tepper, 2007, [http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?search=&id=573&mag_id=112 Nahf (East)] Tombs from the 2nd to the 4th centuries have been found.Dauphin, 1998, p. 640 Nahf contains Persian, Hellenistic and Roman remains.

From archaeological finds, it is assumed that blown glass vessels were produced in the village during the Byzantine era. A bath, containing a hypocaust from the same period has also been excavated. Dating from the late Byzantine era, it was in continuous use in the early Umayyad era.Abu Raya, 2013, [http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2265&mag_id=120 Nahf]

In the Crusader era it was known as "Nef."Pringle, 1997, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC&pg=PA114 114]Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/255/mode/1up 255]. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R 239] In 1249 John Aleman transferred land, including the casalia of Beit Jann, Sajur, Majd al-Krum and Nahf to the Teutonic Knights.Strehlke, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/tabulaeordinist00stregoog#page/n94/mode/1up 78]-79, No. 100; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n314/mode/1up 308], No. 1175; cited in Frankel, 1988, pp. 254, 265Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/208/mode/1up 208]

Remains, including potsherds of bowls, plates and jars, all from Mamluk era, (fourteenth–fifteenth centuries CE), have been found in archaeological excavations.Lerer, 2009, [http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1118&mag_id=115 Nahf]

In 1517, the village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596, Nahaf appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in nahiya (subdistrict) of Akka, part of Sanjak Safad. It had a population of 108 households and 9 bachelors, all Muslims. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on wheat, barley, summer crops, fruit trees, goats and/or beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 6,629 akçe.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 192

A map from 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, named as "Nafeh".Karmon, 1960, p. [http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf 166], Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R 239] When Victor Guérin visited Nahf in 1875, he described the village as containing 400 Muslims and some Greek Orthodox families,Guérin, 1880, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n464/mode/1up 451] - [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n465/mode/1up 452] Cited partially in Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/255/mode/1up 255]. Translation in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R 239] while in 1881 Nahf was described as a village of 200 Muslims living in houses built of stone surrounded by olive groves and arable land.Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/203/mode/1up 203]

A population list from 1887 showed that Nahf had about 475 inhabitants; all Muslims.Schumacher, 1888, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n199/mode/1up 174]

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Nahf had a population of 818, 2 Jews, 6 Christians and 810 Muslims.Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n38/mode/1up 36] where all the Christians were Orthodox.Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n52/mode/1up 50] At the time of the 1931 census the population had increased to 994, all Muslims, in 194 houses.Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 102]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Nahf was 1,320, all Muslims,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p04.jpg 4] who owned 15,745 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Acre/Page-041.jpg 41] 1,088 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 4,571 used for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Acre/Page-081.jpg 81] while 44 dunams were built-up (urban) land.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Acre/Page-131.jpg 131]

File:Lower Galil Looking Towards the Upper Galil.JPG

Nahf was captured by Israel on 18 July 1948 during Operation Dekel led by the Sheva (Seventh) Brigade. Its defenders included the town's local militia as well as Arab Liberation Army volunteers. The town was left intact and most residents did not flee their homes. According to Benny Morris, Israeli troops may have used undue force to compel residents to hand over weapons, which sparked an irate response from the military commander who said those who committed such acts would be prosecuted and punished.Rogan and Shlaim, 2001, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=oi8cmbTa6qMC&pg=PA54 54]-[https://books.google.com/books?id=oi8cmbTa6qMC&pg=PA55 55] The population remained under Martial Law until 1966.

In and around Nahf, there are a number of archaeological remains dating from the Middle Ages, including mosaics and a cemetery. In a nearby location lies the shrines of Muslim leaders Sheik Muhammad Rabiah and Sheik Mahmud who fought against the Crusaders. The Auba cave, which dates from the time of the Assyrians, is also located here.[http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Nahf/index.html Welcome To Nahf]

The largest medieval structure in the village is a roughly 10 meter long wall, made of large drafted blocks with a rubble core, which may be of Crusader origin.Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620056/Gazetteer_5_K-R 239]

The Maqam (shrine) of Shaykh Rabi is located on a steep hill above the village, surrounded by a cemetery. It is a domed rectangular building, with an entrance from the east. A deep mihrab ("Islamic prayer niche") is located inside, in the middle of the south side. By the north wall is the elongated cenotaph of Shaykh Rabi.

• Arab localities in Israel

{{Reflist|25em}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{cite journal |last=Abu Raya|first=Rafeh |date= 2013-06-09 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2265&mag_id=120 |title= Nahf |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=125}}
• {{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
• {{cite journal |last=Cinamon|first=Gilad |date= 2012-09-19 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2083&mag_id=119 |title= Nahf |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=124}}
• {{cite book

|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder

|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener

|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=1}}

• {{cite book

|last= Dauphin |first = C.|author-link= Claudine Dauphin

| title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ

|volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress

| location = Oxford|language =fr

|isbn= 0-860549-05-4}}

• {{cite journal |

first1=Rafael | last1=Frankel

| title=Topographical notes on the territory of Acre in the Crusader period

| journal= Israel Exploration Journal | volume=38 | number= 4

| year=1988

| pages= 249–272}}

• {{cite book

|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}}

• {{cite book

|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin

|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine

|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr01unkngoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 1|year=1880|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}}

• {{cite book

|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine

|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html

|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi

|year=1970

|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}

• {{cite book

| last1= Hütteroth|first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth

|last2=Abdulfattah|first2=K. |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah

| title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}}

• {{cite journal |author =Karmon, Y. |title = An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine|url=http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf |journal = Israel Exploration Journal| volume = 10 |issue = 3,4 |year = 1960 |pages = 155–173; 244–253}} Cited in Petersen, 2001
• {{cite journal |last=Lerer |first=Yoav |date= 2009-06-08 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1118&mag_id=115 |title= Nahf |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=121}}
• {{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
• {{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}}
• {{cite book|title=A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology)|url=https://www.academia.edu/21620056|volume= I|first=Andrew|last=Petersen|year=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-727011-0}}
• {{cite book|title= Secular buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: an archaeological Gazetter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC|last= Pringle |first= D.|author-link=Denys Pringle|year=1997|isbn=0521-46010-7|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
• {{cite book|title=The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oi8cmbTa6qMC |first1=E.|last1=Rogan|author-link1=Eugene Rogan|first2=A.|last2=Shlaim|author-link2=Avi Shlaim|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2001|isbn=0-521-79476-5}}
• {{cite book

|last=Röhricht|first=R. |author-link=Reinhold Röhricht

|title= (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI)|url=https://archive.org/details/regestaregnihie00rhgoog|year=1893|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin

|language=la}}

• {{cite journal

| last = Schumacher | first =G.| author-link = Gottlieb Schumacher

| title = Population list of the Liwa of Akka

| journal = Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 20 | pages = 169–191

| url =https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale | year = 1888}}

• {{cite book

|editor-last=Strehlke | editor-first = E.| editor-link = Ernst Strehlke

|title=Tabulae Ordinis Theutonici ex tabularii regii Berolinensis codice potissimum

|url=https://archive.org/details/tabulaeordinist00stregoog|year=1869|publisher= Weidmanns|location=Berlin}}

• {{cite journal |last=Smithline |first=Howard |date= 2005-03-30 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=137&mag_id=110 |title= Nahf |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=117}}
• {{cite journal

|last=Tepper |first=Y. |author-link=Yotam Tepper

|date=2007-08-16 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?search=&id=573&mag_id=112 |title=Nahf (East) Final Report |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=119 |access-date=2010-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515214758/http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.asp?search=&id=573&mag_id=112 |archive-date=2012-05-15 |url-status=dead }}

{{Refend}}

• [http://www.nahif.co.il/ Official website] {{in lang|ar|he}}
• [http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Nahf/index.html Welcome To Nahf]
• Survey of Western Palestine, Map 4: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8367 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.04.jpg Wikimedia commons]

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