National Museum of the United States Air Force

{{Short description|Military and aviation museum in Dayton, Ohio, United States}}

{{Infobox museum

| name = National Museum of the United States Air Force

| logo =

| image = National Museum of the United States Air Force.png

| map_type =

| latitude =

| former_name = {{Unbulleted list|Army Aeronautical Museum|Air Force Technical Museum|United States Air Force Museum}}

| established = {{Start date|1923}}

| location = Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,
Dayton, Ohio

| coordinates = {{Coord|39|46|53|N|84|06|38|W|region:US-OH_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}

| type = Military aviation museum

| visitors = About 1 million{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=430 |title=History of the National Museum of the United States Air Force |publisher=National Museum of the United States Air Force |date = June 2007 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090408025444/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=430 |archive-date=8 April 2009 |df=dmy-all |access-date=12 September 2008}}

| director = David Tillotson

| curator = Vacant, Deputy Director/Senior Curator{{cite web |title = Krista Strider |url = http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/MuseumExhibits/FactSheets/Display/tabid/509/Article/586747/krista-strider.aspx |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150927103857/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/MuseumExhibits/FactSheets/Display/tabid/509/Article/586747/krista-strider.aspx |url-status = dead |archive-date = 27 September 2015 |publisher = National Museum of the US Air Force |access-date = 27 December 2016 |date = 28 April 2015 }}

| publictransit = Greater Dayton RTA Route 11

| website = {{URL|www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/|www.nationalmuseum.af.mil}}

}}

File:Aerial view of the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force 4.jpg

File:Boeing B-17F Memphis Belle™ .jpg on display in the museum's World War II Gallery.]]

File:National Museum of the U.S. Air Force-Boeing VC-137C SAM 26000 (Air Force One) 02.jpg used as Air Force One by United States presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson (who was sworn into office on the plane), and Richard Nixon.]]

File:Apollo 15 Command Module at the National Museum of the United States Air Force.jpg Command Module Endeavour which carried David Scott, James Irwin, and Alfred Worden to the Moon in 1971 on NASA's fourth crewed lunar landing mission]]

File:National Museum of the U.S. Air Force-North American XB-70 Valkyrie.jpg is on display in the fourth building.]]

File:HEXAGON KH-9 at USAF Museum-1.jpg photographic reconnaissance satellite on display.]]

The National Museum of the United States Air Force (formerly the United States Air Force Museum) is the official museum of the United States Air Force located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, {{convert|6|mi|km|spell=in}} northeast of Dayton, Ohio.{{cite web |url = https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Directions/ |title = Visitor info |access-date = 23 November 2011 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111126080329/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/visit/directions.asp |archive-date = 26 November 2011 |df = dmy-all }} The NMUSAF is the oldest and largest military aviation museum in the world, with more than 360 aircraft and missiles on display. The museum is a central component of the National Aviation Heritage Area.{{cite web |title=Home of the Wright Brothers |url=http://www.aviationheritagearea.org/ |access-date=16 March 2012 |publisher=National Aviation Heritage Area}} The museum draws about a million visitors each year, making it one of the most frequently visited tourist attractions in Ohio.{{cite web |url = http://www.whiotv.com/news/19099838/detail.html |title = Airfoce Museum Attendance |access-date = 5 April 2009 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090408015817/http://www.whiotv.com/news/19099838/detail.html |archive-date = 8 April 2009 |df = dmy-all }}

History

The museum dates to 1923, when the Engineering Division at Dayton's McCook Field first collected technical artifacts for preservation. In 1927, it moved to then-Wright Field in a laboratory building. In 1932, the collection was named the Army Aeronautical Museum and placed in a WPA building from 1935 until World War II. In 1948, the collection remained private as the Air Force Technical Museum.{{cite book |title = US Air Force Museum |author = US Air Force Museum Foundation |date = 1972 }} In 1954, the Air Force Museum became public and was housed in its first permanent facility, Building 89 of the former Patterson Field in Fairborn, which had been an engine overhaul hangar. Many of its aircraft were parked outside and exposed to the weather.

Through the 1960s, Eugene Kettering, son of Charles F. Kettering, led the project to build a permanent structure to house the collections and became the first chairman of the board of the Air Force Museum Foundation. When he died in 1969, his widow Virginia took over the project. Her "determination, logic and meticulous attention" kept it on track,{{cite web |last1 = McIntire |first1 = Bill |title = Virginia Kettering |date = 29 March 2012 |url = https://www.libraries.wright.edu/special/ddn_archive/2012/03/29/virginia-kettering/ |work = Dayton Daily News |access-date = 18 November 2018 }} and the current facility opened in 1971.{{cite book |last1 = Hartzer |first1 = Ronald B. |last2 = Walker |first2 = Lois E. |last3 = Gatewood |first3 = Rebecca |last4 = Grandine |first4 = Katherine |last5 = Kur |first5 = Kathryn M. |title = Leading the Way: The History of Air Force Civil Engineers, 1907–2012 |pages = 240–241 |url = http://media.defense.gov/2015/Apr/02/2001329844/-1/-1/0/AFD-150402-022.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170316144805/http://media.defense.gov/2015/Apr/02/2001329844/-1/-1/0/AFD-150402-022.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-date = 16 March 2017 |access-date = 27 June 2022 }} Not including its annex on Wright Field proper, the museum has more than tripled in square footage since 1971, with the addition of a second hangar in 1988, a third in 2003, and a fourth in 2016.Air Force Museum Foundation{{cite book |title = Expanding the Legacy |url = http://issuu.com/airforcemuseumfoundation/docs/expandingthelegacy?e=4255600/2635129 |via = Issuu |publisher = Air Force Museum Foundation |access-date = 31 December 2015 |page = 19 }}

In October 2004, the name changed from United States Air Force Museum to National Museum of the United States Air Force.{{cite web |title = History of the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force |url = https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/195668/history-of-the-national-museum-of-the-us-air-force/ |publisher = United States Air Force |access-date = 21 February 2017 }}

In June 2016, the museum open its {{convert|224,000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} fourth building that expanded the museum to the current {{convert|1,120,000|sqft|m2}}{{Cite web |title=National Museum of the United States Air Force Expansion |url=https://www.bargedesign.com/project/national-museum-of-the-united-states-air-force-expansion}} of exhibit space. The fourth building houses the Space Gallery, Presidential Aircraft Gallery, and Global Reach Gallery.[http://www.aviationheritagearea.org/usaf-museum-opens-4th-building/ USAF Museum opens 4th building]{{Cite web |title=New Air Force museum hangar to open June 8 |url=http://www.daytondailynews.com/news/news/local/new-air-force-museum-hangar-to-open-june-8/np4Zc/}}{{cite web |date=26 May 2016 |title=Air Force Museum to open fourth building |url=https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2016/may/26/air-force-museum-to-open-fourth-building |website=www.aopa.org}} With the additional space, more than 70 aircraft that were in storage have been put back on display, such as the XB-70 Valkyrie.{{Cite web |date=27 October 2015 |title=XB-70 Valkyrie moved into museum |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Upcoming/Press-Room/News/Article-Display/Article/626004/xb-70-valkyrie-moved-into-museums-new-fourth-building/ |publisher=National Museum of the United States Air Force}}{{Cite web |title=Exotic XB-70 towed to new hangar draws a crowd |url=http://www.daytondailynews.com/news/news/exotic-xb-70-towed-to-new-hangar-draws-a-crowd/npCqF/}}{{cite web |last=Nagy |first=Attila |date=3 November 2015 |title=The New Home of the Most Exotic Bomber Ever Built Is Aerospace Heaven |url=https://gizmodo.com/the-new-home-of-the-most-exotic-bomber-ever-built-is-ae-1740238853}} The Presidential Aircraft collection is also back on site, having been moved to an outside location for some time.{{cite web |title=Presidential Gallery |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Presidential-Gallery/ |publisher=National Museum of the US Air Force}} The Air Force Museum Foundation funded the construction entirely with private donations from several different sources at a cost of $40.8 million (equivalent to ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|40800000|2016}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}).{{Cite press release |title=Air Force Museum Foundation provides funding for museum |publisher=National Museum of the United States Air Force |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Upcoming/Press-Room/News/Article-Display/Article/796643/air-force-museum-foundation-provides-funding-for-museums-new-building/}}

On 28 February 2024, a tornado touched down in the Riverside area in Montgomery County, Ohio.{{Cite web |last=herzmann |first=daryl |title=IEM :: PNS from NWS ILN |url=https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/wx/afos/p.php?pil=PNSILN&e=202402281806 |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=mesonet.agron.iastate.edu |language=en}} The museum was struck by the tornado causing damage. The base commander, Col. Travis Pond, said that "the damage was isolated to the southern side of Area B. Damaged buildings included the Museum’s Restoration Hangar 4, Gate 22B, and other nearby facilities."{{Cite web |last=Roza |first=David |date=2024-02-28 |title=Tornado Damages Wright-Patt and National U.S. Air Force Museum |url=https://www.airandspaceforces.com/wright-patterson-air-force-base-tornado/ |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=Air & Space Forces Magazine |language=en-US}}

Exhibits and collections

{{Main|List of aircraft at the National Museum of the United States Air Force}}

The museum is divided into galleries that cover broad historic trends in military aviation. These are further broken down into exhibits that detail specific historical periods and display aircraft in historical context.

The museum's collection contains many rare aircraft of historical or technological importance, and various memorabilia and artifacts from the history and development of aviation. Among them is the Apollo 15 Command Module Endeavour which orbited the Moon 74 times in 1971, one of four surviving Convair B-36 Peacemakers, the only surviving North American XB-70 Valkyrie and Bockscar—the Boeing B-29 Superfortress that dropped the Fat Man atomic bomb on Nagasaki during the last days of World War II.

In 2010, the museum launched its 360-degree Virtual Tour, allowing most aircraft and exhibits to be viewed online.

In 2018, the Boeing B-17F Memphis Belle was placed on permanent public display in the World War II Gallery.{{cite press release |last1 = Bardua |first1 = Rob |title = B-17F Memphis Belle moves to WWII Gallery as exhibit opening nears |url = https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Upcoming/Press-Room/News/Article-Display/Article/1469798/b-17f-memphis-belle-moves-to-wwii-gallery-as-exhibit-opening-nears/ |publisher = National Museum of the US Air Force |access-date = 6 August 2019 |date = 19 March 2018 }} The aircraft and its crew became iconic symbols of the heavy bomber crews and support personnel who helped defeat Nazi Germany.

=Presidential aircraft=

The museum has several Presidential aircraft, including those used by Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, and Dwight D. Eisenhower. The centerpiece of the presidential aircraft collection is SAM 26000, a modified Boeing 707 known as a VC-137C, used regularly by presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard Nixon. This aircraft took President and Mrs. Kennedy to Dallas on 22 November 1963—the day of the President's assassination. Vice President Johnson was sworn in as president aboard it shortly after the assassination, and the aircraft then carried Kennedy's body back to Washington, D.C.{{cite news |url = https://www.usatoday.com/NEWS/usaedition/2009-11-20-jfkrelics20_ST_U.htm?csp=N009 |title = JFK Relics Stir Strong Emotions |last = Keen |first = Judy |date = 20 November 2009 |work = USA Today |access-date = 20 November 2009 }} It became the backup presidential aircraft after Nixon's first term. It was temporarily removed from display on 5 December 2009, repainted and returned to display on President's Day in 2010.{{cite press release |url = http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123168955 |title = Air Force One temporarily off display at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force |date = 22 September 2009 |publisher = National Museum of the US Air Force |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121014091222/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123168955 |archive-date = 14 October 2012 |df = dmy-all }}

All presidential aircraft are now displayed in the Presidential Gallery, in the fourth building.{{cite press release |last1 = Bardua |first1 = Rob |title = National Museum of the U.S. Air Force fourth building now open |url = https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Upcoming/PressRoom/News/ArticleDisplay/tabid/466/Article/792421/national-museum-of-the-us-air-force-fourth-building-now-open.aspx |publisher = National Museum of the US Air Force |access-date = 30 December 2016 |date = 7 June 2016 }}

=Pioneers of flight=

A large section of the museum is dedicated to pioneers of flight, especially the Wright Brothers, who conducted some of their experiments at nearby Huffman Prairie. A replica of the Wrights' 1909 Military Flyer is on display, as well as other Wright brothers artifacts. The building also hosts the National Aviation Hall of Fame, which includes several educational exhibits.

=Uniforms and clothing=

File:USAF Museum Exhibit Enlisted Heritage Uniforms Exhibit.jpg

File:Major General Billy Mitchell Uniforms.jpg's uniform displayed on far left at National Museum of the U.S. Air Force]]

The museum has many pieces of U.S. Army Air Forces and U.S. Air Force clothing and uniforms. At any time, more than 50 World War II-vintage A-2 leather flying jackets are on display, many of which belonged to famous figures in Air Force history. Others are painted to depict the airplanes and missions flown by their former owners. The displays include the jacket worn by Brigadier General James Stewart, P-38 ace Major Richard I. Bong's sheepskin B-3 jacket and boots, an A-2 jacket worn by one of the few USAAF pilots to leave the ground during the attack on Pearl Harbor, and President Ronald Reagan's USAAF peacoat.

File:National museum USAF JTAC and Colon-Lopez exhibit.jpg Gallery at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force]]

=Other exhibits and attractions=

The third building houses post-Cold War era planes such as the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit stealth bomber (test aircraft), the Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk stealth ground attack aircraft and others.

The fourth building has four galleries,Presidential, Research and Development, Space and Global Reach, housing more than 70 aircraft, missiles, and space vehicles. Also in the fourth building is an enlarged educational outreach area with three science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) Learning Nodes. Previously these collections were housed in an annex facility on Area B of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (the former Wright Field). Because the annex was physically located on the base itself, museum guests were required to go through additional security checks before taking museum buses to the hangar.

The museum owns other USAF aircraft, including former U.S. Army Air Service, USAAC or USAAF aircraft, that are on loan to other aerospace museums in the United States and overseas, as well as those on permanent static display at various U.S. Air Force installations and tenant activities worldwide, and at Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard installations across the United States. Most of these loaned aircraft duplicate aircraft exhibited by the museum. These other aircraft remain the property of the Department of the Air Force and are typically identified at these locations as being "On Loan from the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force." The museum's staff has very high standards for the restoration and quality of care of loaned assets and has, in the past, revoked these loans when it was deemed that these other museums did not have the resources to properly care for an artifact. This happened in the case of the famous Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, Memphis Belle.

For an additional fee, guests can view aviation- and space-oriented films in a large format theater interspersed primarily with other documentaries. In 2013, the Air Force Museum Theater was upgraded from IMAX to digital 3D. The renovation included a new stage, theater seats, and a new theater screen to support a broader range of programming—including educational presentations, live broadcasts and expanded documentary choices. It also included a 7.1 surround-sound system, audio devices for the hearing or visually impaired, and personal closed captioning systems.{{cite web |url = http://www.afmuseum.com/attractions/theatre |title = Theatre - Air Force Museum Foundation |website = www.afmuseum.com |access-date = 14 July 2014 |archive-date = 20 July 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140720083236/http://www.afmuseum.com/attractions/theatre |url-status = dead }}

Air Force Museum Foundation

The Air Force Museum Foundation is a private, non-profit organization that supports the mission and goals of the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force.[http://afmuseum.com/ Air Force Museum Foundation]. Retrieved 4 February 2010.

Other Air Force museums

References

=Notes=

=Bibliography=

{{cite magazine |last = Schlitz |first = William P. |date = March 1969 |title = The Air Force Museum: Caretaker of a Legend |url = http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32435062368121&seq=316 |magazine = Air Force and Space Digest |volume = 37 |issue = 11 |pages = 102, 106–109 |access-date = 11 July 2022 }}

External links

{{external media

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| width =

| image1 = [http://www.f-106deltadart.com/piwigo/picture.php?/14588/category/391 Aerial photo of the museum in its previous location]}}

{{Official website|https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/}}
[https://www.airforcemuseumfoundation.org/ Air Force Museum Foundation] official website
[http://www.sr-71.org/museums/usaf/ SR-71 Online – National Museum of The United States Air Force – A guide to the museum and its displays.]
[http://www.williammaloney.com/Aviation/USAFMuseum/index.htm US Air Force Museum Photos] – Photos of exhibits in the National Museum of the USAF in Dayton, OH
[http://museumusaf.blogspot.com/ Photo website with 360-degree VR panoramas and HDR images]
[http://www.enginehistory.org/References/NMUSAFinventory/NMUSAFinventory.shtml List of engines at the museum]
[https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/afmc/publication/afmcmd417/afmcmd417.pdf Air Force Materiel Command Mission Directive 417]