National Security Entry-Exit Registration System

The Bush administration started the program in September 2002.INS No. 2232-02/AG Order No. 2612-2002 of September 3, 2002: Registration and Monitoring of Certain Nonimmigrants From Designated Countries. Agency: Immigration and Naturalization Service of the Department of Justice. Signed by: Attorney General John Ashcroft. {{Federal Register|67|57032}}–57033. Published: September 6, 2002. Effective: September 11, 2002.INS No. 2231-02 of September 10, 2002: Registration and Monitoring of Certain Nonimmigrants; Notice of Ports-of-Entry for Departure of Aliens Who Are Subject to Special Registration. Office. Agency: Immigration and Naturalization Service of the Department of Justice. Signed by: Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization Service James W. Ziglar. {{Federal Register|67|61352}}–61353. Published: September 30, 2002. Effective: October 1, 2002. A goal of the program was to increase screening of travelers from specific countries. Because a majority of these countries were predominantly Muslim cultures, the American Civil Liberties Union said the program unjustly targeted individuals based on religion.{{cite web

| url = http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/judiciary/hju86954.000/hju86954_0f.htm

| title = WAR ON TERRORISM: IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT SINCE SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 HEARING\PREPARED STATEMENT OF LAURA W. MURPHY, AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION

| last = Murphy

| first = Laura W.

| date = 8 May 2003

| page = 78

| publisher = Committee on the Judiciary

| access-date = 15 January 2017

| quote = Voluntary Interviews of Arab and Muslim Males. The Department of Justice has implemented a program to question, without any particularized suspicion, thousands of Arab and Muslim men in an allegedly voluntary but, in reality, highly coercive manner. A memorandum giving guidance on how to conduct interviews instructed the interviewers to ask about sensitive, First Amendment protected activities such as religious practice, mosque attendance, and the interviewee's feelings towards the United States government. In addition, interviewers were instructed to ask questions designed to elicit information without any relevance to terrorism but which was relevant to immigration status, and to refer any person who agreed to a voluntary interview to the INS if there was an immigration status violation. This policy resulted in a number of immigration status arrests, which are virtually certain to lead all immigrants to hesitate, for fear of deportation, before sharing possibly vital information concerning terrorism with the federal government.

}}

In January 2003 a Justice Department spokesperson said NSEERS helped law enforcement authorities apprehend 330 "known criminals" and three "known terrorists"; The spokesperson made these remarks in order to advocate for renewed funding for the program, for which the Bush administration was requesting $16.8 million per fiscal year.{{cite news

| last1 = Walsh

| first1 = Edward

| date = 25 January 2003

| title = Senate Votes to Halt INS Registration Program

| newspaper = Washington Post

| edition = Final

| location = Washington, D.C.

| page = A11

}} However, by 1 December 2016, "[n]o known terrorism convictions resulted from the program," according to a letter from some Democratic Members of Congress and New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman.{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/22/nyregion/obama-to-dismantle-visitor-registry-before-trump-can-revive-it.html | date = 22 December 2016 | newspaper = New York Times | last1 = Goodman |first1= J. David |last2 = Nixon |first2 = Ron |title = Obama to Dismantle Visitor Registry Before Trump Can Revive It|access-date=February 27, 2017}}{{cite web

| url = https://lofgren.house.gov/uploadedfiles/ltr_nseers_final_12_1_16.pdf

| title = Letter TO: President Barack Obama; CC: Secretary Jeh Johnson

| last1 = Conyers

| first1 = John Jr.

| last2 = Lofgren

| first2 = Zoe

| date = 1 December 2016

| access-date = 16 January 2016

}} By January 2003, at least 138,000 individuals were registered in NSEERS, according to testimony by the Department of Homeland Security to Congress.{{cite web

| author = SUBCOMMITTEE ON IMMIGRATION, BORDER SECURITY, AND CLAIMS OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

| url = http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/judiciary/hju86954.000/hju86954_0f.htm

| title = WAR ON TERRORISM: IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT SINCE SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 HEARING\STATEMENT OF MICHAEL DOUGHERTY, DIRECTOR OF OPERATIONS, BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

| date = 8 May 2003

| page = 29

| publisher = Committee on the Judiciary

| access-date = 15 January 2017

| quote = After 9/11, the Justice Department began the National Security Entry-Exit Registration System, or NSEERS, an initiative to close this loophole. Since the implementation of NSEERS in September 2002, more than 138,000 aliens from over 151 countries have been registered. NSEERS has resulted in the identification of 11 aliens linked to terrorism, the arrests of more than 120 criminal aliens and the issuance of more than 12,000 charging documents placing deportable aliens in deportation proceedings. This program is now run in DHS. It has received unfair criticism that we will put to rest today.

}} As of May 2003, 82,581 individuals had complied with the domestic portion of the program. Of these, at least 13,153 were placed in deportation proceedings. Although the program originally included a requirement to re-register annually, the Department of Homeland Security, which gained jurisdiction over the program, eliminated this requirement.{{Federal Register|68|67577}}{{cite web |url=http://www.aila.org/infonet/dhs-changes-to-the-nseers-program|publisher=American Immigration Lawyers Association|date=December 1, 2003|title=DHS Issues a Fact Sheet, FAQs, and Press Release on Changes to the NSEERS Program|access-date=February 12, 2017}}

Immigrant rights advocates such as Rabia Chaudry criticized the program, particularly the domestic portion of it, for profiling on the basis of ethnicity and religion as well as generally undermining immigrants' rights. They noted that 24 of the 25 countries included on the list are predominantly Muslim,{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/22/nseers-arab-muslim-tracking-system-dismantled-obama|title=Registry used to track Arabs and Muslims dismantled by Obama administration|last=Pilkington|first=Ed|date=22 December 2016|work=The Guardian|access-date=15 January 2017}} while all of the countries are in Asia or Africa. The ACLU said that the program was ineffective due to it producing no terrorism-related convictions in the 93,000 cases it created.{{cite web|last=Rickerd|first=Chris|title=Homeland Security Suspends Ineffective, Discriminatory Immigration Program|url=https://www.aclu.org/blog/speakeasy/homeland-security-suspends-ineffective-discriminatory-immigration-program|work=Article|date=6 May 2011 }} Given the large numbers involved and the nature of the requirements, they argued, it was unlikely to find any members of Al Qaeda. NSEERS was probed in the documentary film "Aliens Among Us", by Martina Radwan, for the effect it had on immigrant families of Arab origin.{{cite web|last=Radwan|first=Martina|title=Aliens Among Us|url=http://www.aliensamongus-thefilm.com/|work=Documentary}}

The system was discontinued in 2011 under the Obama administration, whereupon the Department of Homeland Security said that the registration system had become outdated in the wake of new technology.{{cite web|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2011/04/28/2011-10305/removing-designated-countries-from-the-national-security-entry-exit-registration-system-nseers|title=76 FR 23830|date=28 April 2011|publisher=Federal Register|pages=23830–23831|access-date=15 January 2017|author=Office of the Secretary, DHS}}

NSEERS was indefinitely suspended as of April 27, 2011, when the US-VISIT program was instituted as its replacement. The Department of Homeland Security website said, "Because the Secretary of Homeland Security's authority under the NSEERS regulations is broader than the manual information flow based on country designation that has now ended, the underlying NSEERS regulation will remain in place in the event a special registration program is again needed."{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/dhs-removes-designated-countries-nseers-registration-may-2011|title=DHS Removes Designated Countries from NSEERS Registration (May 2011)|website=Department of Homeland Security|accessdate=12 December 2016}}

On November 22, 2016, the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee submitted a letter co-signed by nearly 200 organizations to President Barack Obama, calling on his administration to rescind the regulatory framework behind the NSEERS. The letter was submitted on behalf of nearly 200 civil and human rights, civil liberties, education, social justice, and inter-faith organizations, including the American Civil Liberties Union, the Leadership Conference on Civil Human Rights, American Immigration Council, Center for American Progress, National Council of La Raza, the National Immigration Forum, and the Southern Poverty Law Center. The letter reads in part, "As organizations that represent diverse communities and that are committed to civil and immigrant rights, we firmly believe that removal of the NSEERS framework is a necessary imperative. We ask the Administration to immediately take steps to remove the regulatory structure of NSEERS and stop any future use of the program."{{cite web|url=http://www.adc.org/2016/11/breaking-adc-and-nearly-200-organizations-demand-rescinding-of-nseers/|title=ADC — ADC and 200 Organizations Demand End to NSEERS|accessdate=23 December 2016}}

The registration system was ordered to be removed near the end of the President Obama's second term in 2016.{{cite web|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/12/23/2016-30885/removal-of-regulations-relating-to-special-registration-process-for-certain-nonimmigrants|title=81 FR 94231|date=28 April 2011|publisher=Federal Register|pages=94231–942342|access-date=15 January 2017|author=Department of Homeland Security}} The removal order occurred after New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman wrote, "We can't risk giving President-elect Trump the tools to create an unconstitutional religious registry."{{cite news | url = http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/22/politics/obama-nseers-arab-muslim-registry/ | publisher=CNN | date=December 22, 2016 | title=Obama administration ending program once used to track mostly Arab and Muslim men|first1=Kevin|last1=Liptak|first2=Shachar|last2=Peled}} However, because the order occurred within the last 60 days of a President's term, if it is a "major regulation" (major social policy significance or cost of more than $100 million), it is subject to Congressional review (see Midnight regulations) and may be voided by Congress under the Congressional Review Act. Trump's advisers had suggested keeping the system to track immigrants.{{cite news|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/d83cd7b29e2946dd8d230f1a588013ff/trump-supporter-pitches-hard-line-immigration-plan-dhs|title=Trump supporter pitches hard-line immigration plan for DHS|first=Alicia A.|last=Caldwell|date=November 21, 2016|publisher=Associated Press}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/12/22/14054470/obama-nseers-program-muslim-travelers-trump|title=Obama ending program that tracked Muslim travelers before Trump can use it|date=2016-12-22|last1=Lecher|first1=Colin|work=The Verge|accessdate=2016-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222185851/http://www.theverge.com/2016/12/22/14054470/obama-nseers-program-muslim-travelers-trump|archive-date=2016-12-22|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}} The Obama administration's order to remove the system said the program was redundant because it called for manual collection of data that is now captured automatically.{{cite web|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/12/23/2016-30885/removal-of-regulations-relating-to-special-registration-process-for-certain-nonimmigrants|title=81 FR 94231|date=28 April 2011|publisher=Federal Register|pages=94231–942342|access-date=15 January 2017|author=Department of Homeland Security|quote=The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is removing outdated regulations relating to an obsolete special registration program for certain non-immigrants. DHS ceased use of the National Security Entry-Exit Registration System (NSEERS) program in 2011 after finding that the program was redundant, captured data manually that was already captured through automated systems, and no longer provided an increase in security in light of DHS's evolving assessment of the threat posed to the United States by international terrorism.}}

Port-of-entry registration was required for nationals of Iran, Iraq, Libya, Sudan, and Syria (including those that were born in these countries but have a passport from a different country), in addition to any other non-citizen, non-permanent residents determined in advance by the United States Department of State or the INS, or as they enter the country by INS inspectors. According to the September 2002 notice signed by Attorney General John Ashcroft announcing the update to special registration in the Federal Register, some form of special registration was already in effect for the above countries as early as 1998. The new system began on September 11, 2002.{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619131352/http://www.ice.gov/pi/specialregistration/index.htm|archive-date=June 19, 2006|title=Public Information, Special Registration|publisher=United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement|access-date=February 12, 2017|url=http://www.ice.gov/pi/specialregistration/index.htm}}

Certain non-citizens who were in the United States on or prior to September 10, 2002, were required to register in person at an INS office. This procedure was required of males over the age of sixteen who entered the United States legally on particular types of visa (primarily student, work, and tourist) from certain countries. Countries were named on four occasions:

• Group 1: Iran, Iraq, Libya, Sudan or Syria
• Group 2: Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Eritrea, Lebanon, Morocco, North Korea, Oman, Qatar, Somalia, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen
• Group 3: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia
• Group 4: Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait

The deadlines for registration were December 16, 2002 (Group 1), January 10, 2003 (Group 2), February 21, 2003 (Group 3), and March 28, 2003 (Group 4).{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030210130959/http://www.ins.gov/graphics/lawenfor/Specialreg/index.htm|url=http://www.ins.gov/graphics/lawenfor/Specialreg/index.htm|title=Special Registration Your Portal to Information on Special Registration Procedures for Certain Nonimmigrants|publisher=Immigration and Naturalization Services (an agency of the United States Department of Justice)|date=February 3, 2003|archive-date=February 10, 2003|access-date=February 17, 2017}} The deadlines for Group 1 and 2 registration were later extended to February 7, 2003. The deadlines for Groups 3 and 4 were extended to March 21, 2003 and April 25, 2003.{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030402124502/http://www.immigration.gov/graphics/shared/lawenfor/specialreg/index.htm|url=http://www.immigration.gov/graphics/shared/lawenfor/specialreg/index.htm|title=Your Portal to Information on Special Registration Procedures for Certain Nonimmigrants|date=March 11, 2003|archive-date=April 2, 2003|access-date=February 12, 2017|publisher=Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services of the Department of Homeland Security}}

• U.S. government response to the September 11 attacks
• Patriot Act

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.aaldef.org/images/01-04_registration.pdf Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund Special Registration Report]
• [http://www.printculture.com/item-771.html "Gore in Jeddah"], an essay by Said Shirazi about the Arab Round-Up of 2002-2003.
• [http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/special-registration-program/ 'Special Registration' Program] from migrationpolicy.org

{{Presidency of George W. Bush}}

Category:Counterterrorism in the United States

Category:United States Department of Homeland Security

Category:2002 establishments in the United States

Category:2016 disestablishments in the United States