Naval Base Brisbane#Naval Base Cairns

{{short description|Major World War 2 base in Australia}}

{{Infobox military installation

| name = Naval Base Brisbane

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| location = Brisbane, Queensland

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| country = Australia

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| type = Naval base

| coordinates = {{Coord|27.442041|S|153.092935|E|type:landmark_region:AU-QLD|display=title,inline}}

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| pushpin_map = Queensland

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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Queensland

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| ownership = {{flag|United States Navy}}

| operator = United States Navy

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| built = 1942

| used = 1942 - 14 January 1946

| builder = Seabee and civilian contractors

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{{Campaignbox Pacific War}}

Naval Base Brisbane was a major United States Navy base built in the early part of World War II at Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. At first, it operated as a base for patrol aircraft and convoy escort aircraft to protect the last leg of the Pacific War to the Southwest Pacific. As the US Navy expanded in the island hopping campaign, Naval Base Brisbane expanded to include a submarine base, repair depot, seaplane base and other facilities. US Navy operations started on April 14, 1942, and ended after the war in 1945.[https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/b/building-the-navys-bases/buidling-navys-bases-vol-2-chapter-26.html US Navy, Bases of World War II]{{Cite web|url=https://www.navy.gov.au/history/feature-histories/usn-submarines-based-brisbane-during-world-war-ii|title=USN Submarines Based in Brisbane during World War II|first=corporateName=Royal Australian|last=Navy|website=www.navy.gov.au}}

File:USS Fanshaw Bay (CVE-70) moored at Brisbane, Australia, 10 February 1944 (80-G-364211).jpg moored at Brisbane, Australia, 10 February 1944]]

File:USS Gabilan;0825204.jpg in Brisbane in 1944]]

History

Australia entered World War II on September 3, 1939, being a self-governing nation within the British Empire. The United States formally entered the war on December 7, 1941, following the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. On April 14, 1942, the USS Griffin (AS-13) and a fleet of eleven S-class US submarines arrived at Brisbane's New Farm Wharf. The wharf had a few storage sheds and some other support facilities, which the US Navy rented using the reverse Lend-Lease program, but a much larger facility was needed as a staging area. The US Government hired Australian construction crews to build a new staging area using mostly Australian supplies but with Quonset huts shipped in.

The S-class submarines' first mission was supporting the Solomon Islands campaign. Later, Gato-class submarines were added to the fleet. By the end of the war the Brisbane submarine fleet had sunk 117 enemy ships, totaling 515,000 tons, and rescued many downed airmen. In the spring of 1943, more space was needed and on March 24, 1943, the US Navy Seabee's 55th Battalion arrived and built "Camp Seabee", 5 miles north-east of Brisbane, at Eagle Farm. Camp Seabee became a staging camp for Seabees and their equipment in island hopping operations. The first departure was half the Seabees, to build Naval Base Milne Bay in New Guinea on May 23, 1943. Some Seabees departed to build an airfield at Merauke in New Guinea and others to Port Moresby, New Guinea. Most returned at the end of the construction for R&R. The Brisbane Seabees built a mine depot outside of Brisbane. The next departure was most of the Brisbane Seabees going to Palm Island and Cairns. At Palm Island, Seabees built Palm Island Naval Air Station and Palm Island Seaplane Base.{{Cite web|url=https://pacificwrecks.com/provinces/australia_queensland.html|title=Pacific Wrecks|website=pacificwrecks.com}} Seabees built the Cairns Harbor PT-Boat Base and Cairns Harbor Seaplane Base. At Cairns, Seabees built the Cairns Airfield used for patrols and a staging camp.{{Cite web|url=https://pacificwrecks.com/airfields/australia/cairns/index.html|title=Pacific Wrecks - Cairns Airfield (Cairns Airport), Queensland, Australia|website=pacificwrecks.com}} On June 19, 1943, the Seabee 84th Battalion arrived at Camp Seabee, with half the Battalion departing to continue the expansion at Naval Base Milne Bay. The 55th and 84th Battalion continued to build up Naval Base Brisbane. Seabees built a mine depot, more barracks at Camp Seabee, a Merchant Marine anti-aircraft training camp, and Mobile Navy Hospital No. 9. In May 1943, Seabee 60th Battalion arrived at Camp Seabee. On January 20, 1944, Seabee Construction Battalion Maintenance Unit 544th arrived to service the Naval Base Brisbane Bases. At Hamilton, Queensland, Seabees built a ship-repair depot. Outside of the base, a ammunition depot was built. The 55th Battalion built and operated a sawmill. By March 1994 the base had 90,000 square feet of depot warehouse space and 53 acres of open deposit storage. The other large US Naval Advance Bases in Australia were at Naval Base Sydney and Naval Base Darwin. Unlike Darwin, Brisbane was out of the reach of Japanese bombers. Parts of Naval Base Brisbane began moving to more forward bases in January 1944. Palm Island base was moved on September 1, 1944, and Townsville moved in July 1944.

Bases and facilities

=Naval Base Brisbane=

  • Naval Base Brisbane on the Brisbane River{{Cite web|url=https://pacificwrecks.com/provinces/australia_queensland.html|title=Pacific Wrecks - Queensland (QLD) Australia|website=pacificwrecks.com}}
  • Navy Headquarters, from Naval Base Melbourne in July 1942.
  • New Farm Wharf depot, now New Farm Park ferry wharf
  • AHS Centaur, USS Samaritan (AH-10) and USS Comfort (AH-6) Hospital ships
  • Brisbane Submarine baseJones, David; Nunan, Peter (2005). U.S. Subs Down Under. Brisbane, 1942–1945. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-644-5.[https://www.ozatwar.com/ozatwar/capricorn.htm Brisbane Submarines base, ozatwar.com]
  • Some Submarines Base at Brisbane:{{USS| S-47 |SS-158|2}}, {{USS| S-41 |SS-146|2}}, {{USS| S-39 |SS-144|2}}, {{USS| S-44 |SS-155|2}}, {{USS| S-40 |SS-145|2}}, {{USS| S-42 |SS-153|2}}, {{USS| S-37 |SS-142|2}}, {{USS| Scamp |SS-277|2}}, {{USS| Grayback |SS-208|2}}, {{USS| Darter |SS-227|2}}, {{USS| Growler |SS-215|2}}, {{USS| Crevalle |SS-291|2}}, {{USS| Seawolf |SS-197|2}}, {{USS| Gato |SS-212|2}}, {{USS| Sturgeon |SS-187|2}}, {{USS| Trout |SS-202|2}}, {{USS| Pintado |SS-387|2}}, {{USS| Seadragon |SS-194|2}}, {{USS| Dace |SS-247|2}}, {{USS| Narwhal |SS-167|2}}, {{USS| Permit |SS-178|2}}, {{USS| Nautilus |SS-168|2}}, {{USS| Bonefish |SS-223|2}}, {{USS| Silversides |SS-236|2}}, {{USS| Perch |SS-313|2}}, {{USS| Guardfish |SS-217|2}}, {{USS| Grampus |SS-207|2}}, {{USS| Medregal |SS-480|2}}, {{USS| Segundo |SS-398|2}}, {{USS| Greenling |SS-213|2}}, {{USS| Greenling |SS-213|2}}, {{USS| S-38 |SS-143|2}}, {{USS| Amberjack |SS-219|2}}, {{USS| Sailfish |SS-192|2}}, {{USS| Cisco |SS-290|2}}, {{USS| Tiru |SS-416|2}}, {{USS| Swordfish |SS-193|2}}, {{USS| Sculpin |SS-191|2}}, {{USS| Ray |SS-271|2}}, {{USS| Albacore |SS-218|2}}, {{USS| Wahoo |SS-238|2}}, {{USS| Stingray |SS-186|2}}, {{USS| Gilmer |DD-233|2}}, {{USS| Seahorse |SS-304|2}}, {{USS| Spearfish |SS-190|2}}, {{USS| Tunny |SS-282|2}}, {{USS| Drum |SS-228|2}}, {{USS| Seahorse |SS-304|2}}, {{USS| Argonaut |SM-1|2}}, {{USS| Sterlet |SS-392|2}}, {{USS| Plunger |SS-179|2}}, {{USS| S-31 |SS-136|2}}, {{USS| Bluefish |SS-222|2}}, {{USS| Cero |SS-225|2}}, {{USS| Gar |SS-206|2}}, {{USS| Flying Fish |SS-229|2}}, {{USS| Pollack |SS-180|2}}, {{USS| Tuna |SS-203|2}}, {{USS| Guardfish |SS-217|2}}, Caiman, Pompon, Cod, Raton, Guavina, Bowfin, Grouper, Grouper, Blackfish, Rasher, Balao, Corvina
  • Submarine maintenance depot
  • Submarine training center
  • Brisbane Degaussing Station [https://www.ozatwar.com/usnavy/brisbanedegaussingstation.htm Brisbane Degaussing Station, ozatwar.com]
  • Crash boat base
  • Fleet Post Office FPO# 134 SF Brisbane
  • Barracks [https://www.ozatwar.com/usnavy/usnquartersbne.htm Brisbane Barracks ]ozatwar.com
  • Supply depot[https://www.ozatwar.com/usnavy/northgateusn.htm Northgate depot] ozatwar.com
  • Ammunition depot, Brisbane Navy 134 at Mount Coot-tha[https://www.ozatwar.com/ozatwar/jcslaughter.htm Ammunition depot Mount Coot-tha, ozatwar.com][https://www.ozatwar.com/usnavy/navy134.htm Navy 134, ozatwar.com]
  • Mine depot outside of the city
  • Mobile Explosives Investigation Unit. No.1 [https://www.ozatwar.com/usnavy/meiunitno1.htm Mobile Explosives Investigation Unit. No.1 ozatwar.com]
  • Archerfield shared with Army, just south of Brisbane.[https://www.ozatwar.com/arch@war.htm Archerfield ozatwar.com]
  • Camp Perry Park, Navy housing unit at Camp Perry Park[https://www.ozatwar.com/locations/campperrypark.htm Camp Perry Park] ozatwar.com
  • Toowoomba Recreation Center, at Toowoomba west of Brisbane
  • Coolangatta Recreation Center at Coolangatta, south of Brisbane
  • Transmitting Station at Colmslie[https://www.ozatwar.com/locations/usntransmittingstation.htm ransmitting Station Colmslie] ozatwar.com

=Naval Air Station Brisbane=

Naval Air Station Brisbane was based in Colmslie on the Brisbane River.[https://www.ozatwar.com/locations/usnatscolmslie.htm Naval Air Station Brisbane] ozatwar.com

  • Naval Base Colmslie [https://www.ozatwar.com/locations/colmsliearea.htm Naval Base Colmslie] ozatwar.com
  • NATS Seaplane Base Colmslie (now Colmslie Recreational Park)
  • Colmslie Seaplane workshop, repair of Navy Consolidated PBY Catalina planes
  • Navy and Pan Am radio station, Pan Am used the base for mail and other services.
  • Imperial Airways, BOAC, RAAF and Qantas also use the base.
  • Post war became Barrier Reef Airways base[https://aussieairliners.org/BarrierReef/bra.html Barrier Reef Airways ] ussieairliners.org

=Hamilton repair depot=

=Camp Seabee=

File:CampSeabeeNaval_Base_Brisbane.jpg

File:CampSeabeeNavalBaseBrisbaneDock.jpg]]

  • Camp Seabee at Eagle Farm on the Brisbane River in Brisbane
  • Camp Seabee[https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/Seabee/Cruisebooks/wwiicruisebooks/ncb-cruisebooks/55%20th%20NCB%20%201942-1945.pdf US Navy, Camp Seabee][https://www.ozatwar.com/ozatwar/campseabee.htm Camp Seabee, ozatwar.com]
  • Camp Seabee staging camp and depot
  • Merchant Marine Anti-aircraft training camp, Wellington Point Gunnery School at Wellington Point[https://www.ozatwar.com/locations/ackackwellingtonpt.htm ozatwar.com, Merchant Marine Anti-aircraft training camp]
  • Advanced Base Construction Depot (ABCD)[https://www.ww2places.qld.gov.au/place?id=591 Royal Australian Navy, Seabess Advanced Base Construction Depot]
  • Mobile Navy Hospital No. 9, with 3,000 beds [https://www.ozatwar.com/usnavy/mob9.htm Mobile Navy Hospital No. 9, ozatwar.com],
  • Theater
  • Recreation building
  • Laundry depot
  • Power station
  • Decomposed granite quarry for roads.
  • Eagle Farm Airfield, shared with Army[https://www.ozatwar.com/eaglefarm.htm Eagle Farm Airfield, ozatwar.com]
  • Allison Engine Testing Area[https://www.ozatwar.com/civilian/allisontestingarea.htm Eagle Farm, engine testing ozatwar.com]


Camp Seabee was home to the:

  • 19th Construction Battalion Special The boom-dozer: 30th Special Naval Construction Battalion, 19th Construction Battalion Special, US Navy 1948
  • 20th Construction Battalion[https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/Seabee/UnitListPages/NCB/020%20NCB.pdf US Navy 20th CB]
  • 55th Construction Battalion [https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/Seabee/UnitListPages/NCB/055%20NCB.pdf US Navy 55th CB]
  • 60th Construction Battalion [https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/Seabee/UnitListPages/NCB/060%20NCB.pdf US Navu 60th CB]
  • 77th Construction Battalion
  • 84th Construction Battalion[https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/Seabee/UnitListPages/NCB/084%20NCB.pdf US Navy 84th CB]
  • 91st Construction Battalion [https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/Seabee/UnitListPages/NCB/091%20NCB.pdf US Navy 91st CB]
  • Amphibious Construction Battalion 1 - 104th Naval Construction Battalion [https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/Seabee/UnitListPages/NCB/104%20NCB.pdf US Navy 104th CB]
  • 115th Construction Battalion[https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/Seabee/UnitListPages/NCB/115%20NCB.pdf US Navy 115th CB]
  • 138th Naval Construction Battalion[https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/museums/Seabee/UnitListPages/NCB/138%20NCB.pdf US Navy 138th CB]
  • Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 11


From the staging at Camp Seabee, Construction Battalions departed to help build:

=Other camps=

  • Camp La Fayette Prison Stockade at Eagle Farm[https://www.ozatwar.com/locations/camplafayette.htm ozatwar.com, Camp La Fayette Prison Stockade]
  • Camp Whinstanes, Prison [https://www.ozatwar.com/locations/campwhinstanes.htm ozatwar.com, Camp Whinstanes]

Remote Advanced Bases

File:CampSeabeeNavalBaseBrisbane_buildingtrips.jpg

Naval Base Brisbane built and supported remote advanced bases in Queensland:

=Naval Base Cairns=

Naval Base Cairns at Cairns, north of Brisbane, closed January 7, 1945 (now HMAS Cairns). Part of the base was on Green Island, {{cvt|28|km}} offshore.

  • Cairns Harbor PT-Boat Base, later moved to Milne Bay
  • Cairns Harbor Seaplane Base [https://pacificwrecks.com/airfields/australia/cairns_harbor/index.html pacificwrecks.com, Cairns Harbor Seaplane Base]
  • PT Boat repair base
  • Escort Base One destroyer repair depot
  • US Amphibious Training Base
  • Naval mine maintenance depot
  • Patrol-craft repair depot
  • Supply depot
  • Mess hall
  • Navy hospital
  • Feet post office FPO# 144 SF Cairns, Australia
  • Floating drydocks: AFD-10, ARD-7[https://www.ozatwar.com/usnavy/floatingdockscairns.htm ozatwar Cairns floating drydocks]
  • 600-foot timber wharf
  • 5,000-gallon water tank farm
  • Ammunition depot outside of camp
  • Cairns Airfield used for patrols
  • Cairns staging camp
  • Trinity Bay, amphibious training, US Army, Navy with US Navy support.{{Cite web|url=https://pacificwrecks.com/provinces/australia_cairns.html|title=Pacific Wrecks - Cairns, Queensland, Australia|website=pacificwrecks.com}}
  • Sheridan Street Camp, Cairns Army Camp located along Sheridan, Dutton and Spence Street.

File:Palmislandnavalairstation23.jpg

  • Naval Air Station Palm Island
  • Naval Air Station Palm Island, at Palm Island north of Brisbane, started July 6, 1943, closed June 1, 1944.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ozatwar.com/airfields/palmislandnavalairstation.htm|title=Palm Island Naval Air Station, Palm Island, Queensland, near Townsville during WW2|website=www.ozatwar.com}}
  • VPB-29 Patrol Bomber unit
  • VP-11 Patrol Squadron with Consolidated PBY Catalina
  • Hangars
  • Seaplane Base Palm Island
  • Fleet Post Office FPO# 420 SF Palm Island, Australia
  • Naval Air Station Wallaby Point [https://www.navyhistory.org.au/palm-islands-a-naval-connection/11-sea-bees-constructing-naval-air-station-at-wallaby-point-palm-island/ US Navy Naval Air Station Wallaby Point]
  • 60,000 barrels tank farm
  • Palm Island patrol bombers repair depot
  • Docks
  • Radio stations
  • PT boat bases
  • Hospitals
  • Naval mine depot
  • Power station
  • Supply base

=Townsville Naval Section Base=

  • Townsville Naval Section Base
  • North of Brisbane a section base was built a Townsville closed and moved July 1944.
  • Rose Bay Townsville Navy hospital, 120-bed
  • Ammunition depot outside of camp
  • Fleet Post Office FPO# 143 SF Townsville, Australia
  • Townsville Navy hospital, 100-bed{{Cite web|url=https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us/find-cemeteries-memorials/cemetery-details/2022673/townsville-war-cemetery/|title=Townsville War Cemetery | Cemetery Details|website=CWGC}}
  • Black River Navy hospital
  • US Navy at Cleveland Bay
  • Army camp, staging
  • Army airfields and Army 12th Station Hospital
  • HMAS Magnetic Royal Australian Navy base near US base

=Horn Island Seaplane Base=

  • Horn Island Seaplane Base at small Horn Island, far north of Brisbane[https://pacificwrecks.com/provinces/australia_horn.html pacificwrecks, Horn Island Seaplane Base]
  • Horn Island Airport RAAF

=Thursday Island PT Boat Base=

  • Thursday Island PT Boat Base was built on Thursday Island, far north of Brisbane, by the Seabees. The base opened in February 1943 and closed in September 1945. Thursday Island PT Boat Base had a PT Boat repair depot. The base was shared, HMAS Carpentaria base. The US also stationed some submarine bases at the base.[https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/b/building-the-navys-bases/buidling-navys-bases-vol-2-chapter-26.html US Navy Thursday Island PT Boat][http://www.navsource.org/archives/12/05127.htm navsourcem PT-127][https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nhhc-series/nh-series/NH-44000/NH-44487.html US Navy Thursday Island repair base]

=Toorbul Combined Training Centre=

Toorbul Combined Training Centre (CTC) was a joint Army and Navy amphibious training center opened on the summer of 1942 at Toorbul on Toorbul Point, now called Sandstone Point. The center had classrooms, camp, mess hall, jetties, slipway, a mock ship, and workshops. Royal Australian Air Force also had Radar Station at the base.

Fleet PO Box was 146.[https://www.ww2places.qld.gov.au/place?id=1373 Toorbul Combined Training Centre]ww2places.qld.gov.au

=Other bases=

Post war

A number of Memorials were built in memory of the World War II activities in Australia:

  • Catalina Memorial Cairns Esplanade, at Cairns Esplanade near Cairns Harbor. Three white pillars with a model of a Consolidated Catalina atop and a memorial plaque to the crew of Catalina A24-25, at {{coord|16.913447|145.770323|display=inline}}{{Cite web|url=https://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/conflict/ww2/display/90955-catalina-memorial|title=Catalina Memorial | Monument Australia|website=monumentaustralia.org.au}}
  • Cairns War Cemetery, administered by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) at {{coord|16.90787|145.7535|display=inline}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us/find-cemeteries-memorials/cemetery-details/13712/cairns-war-cemetery/|title=Cairns War Cemetery | Cemetery Details|website=CWGC}}
  • Cairns Museum{{Cite web|url=https://www.cairnsmuseum.org.au/|title=Home|website=Cairns Museum}}
  • Beck Museum in Mareeba, closed
  • Milne Bay Military Museum in Toowoomba
  • Townsville War Cemetery at {{coord|19.24631|146.7879|display=inline}} {{Cite web|url=https://pacificwrecks.com/cemetery/australia-townsville-cemetery.html|title=Pacific Wrecks - Townsville War Cemetery, Queensland, Australia|website=pacificwrecks.com}}
  • Centaur Park, Memorial plaque and park dedicated to AHS Centaur sunk offshore at {{coord|-26.802784|153.146869|display=inline}} in Caloundra.
  • Bundaberg War Cemetery in Bundaberg at {{coord|-24.866066|152.348909|display=inline}}.
  • Memorial at Bakers Creek in Bakers Creek.{{Cite web|url=https://pacificwrecks.com/provinces/australia_bakers_creek.html|title=Pacific Wrecks - Bakers Creek (Scrubby Creek), Queensland, Australia|website=pacificwrecks.com}}

Gallery

CampSeabeeNavalBaseBrisbane-fromair.jpg|Camp Seabee at Naval Base Brisbane from the air

File:Damaged USS Growler (SS-215) at the submarine base at New Farm, Australia, in February 1943.jpg|Damaged USS Growler at the submarine base at New Farm in February 1943

StateLibQld 1 149299 Dunedin (ship).jpg|Dunedin at Gardens Reach on the Brisbane River. South Brisbane wharves in background

BRISBANE, QLD. C.1942. THE DOCK GATE UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN THE UNFINISHED CAIRNCROSS GRAVING DOCK. (NAVAL HISTORICAL COLLECTION).jpg|Cairncross Dockyard in 1942

BRISBANE, QLD. C.1942. THE DRYDOCK UNDER CONSTRUCTION AT CAIRNCROSS GRAVING DOCK, LOOKING TOWARDS THE ENTRANCE. (NAVAL HISTORICAL COLLECTION).jpg|Building Cairncross Dockyard in 1942

StateLibQld 1 79147 Royal Australian Naval ship ML 1322 at Colmslie Naval Base, Brisbane, ca. 1944.jpg|Colmslie Naval Base Brisbane in 1944

SoPacStratSit.gif|Strategic supply chain situation in South Pacific in July 1942

See also

References