Naval Base Manila#Bases and facilities

{{short description|Former Major United States Navy Base}}

{{Use Philippine English|date=April 2023}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}}

{{Infobox military installation

| name = Naval Base Manila

| location = Fort San Felipe, San Roque, Cavite City

| nearest_town = Cavite City

| country = the Philippines

| image = CavitePeninsula1941.jpg

| image_size = 300px

| caption = Cavite Peninsula in 1941

| pushpin_map = Philippines

| pushpin_label_position = left

| pushpin_label = Naval Base Cavite

| pushpin_mapsize = 270

| pushpin_relief = 1

| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Philippines

| coordinates = {{coord|14|28|54|N|120|54|58|E|region:PH-CAV_type:landmark_scale:3000|display=inline,title}}

| type = US Naval base

| code =

| site_area =

| height =

| ownership = {{flag|United States Navy}} 1898–1970

| controlledby =

| open_to_public =

| condition = Closed
(turned over to the Philippine Government and was made as Naval Base Cavite)

| built = late 16th century

| builder = started by Spanish East Indies

| used = Spanish shipyard: late 16th century – early 19th century
Spanish naval station: early 19th century – 1898
U.S. Naval facility: 1898–1971
Philippine Naval facility: 1971–present

| materials =

| demolished =

| battles = Battle of Manila Bay (1898)
Philippines campaign (1941–1942)
Battle of Manila (1945)

| events = Cavite Mutiny of 1872

| current_commander =

| past_commanders =

| garrison =

| occupants = United States Asiatic Fleet (1902–1907, 1910–1942)
United States Seventh Fleet (1945–1970)
Major bases:
Naval Station Sangley Point
Naval Base Cavite
Mariveles Naval Section Base

| website =

}}

File:ManilaBaySubicBay1941.jpg, Cavite shipyard, Naval Base Subic Bay, an ammunition depot in Mariveles on the Bataan Peninsula, the city of Manila and Corregidor Island in Manila Bay shown]]

file:CoastalPlanManila.jpg]]

Naval Base Manila, Naval Air Base Manila was a major United States Navy base south of the City of Manila, on Luzon Island in the Philippines. Some of the bases dates back to 1898, the end of the Spanish–American War. Starting in 1938 civilian contractors were used to build new facilities in Manila to prepare for World War II. Work stopped on December 23, 1941, when Manila was declared not defendable against the Empire of Japan southward advance, which took over the city on January 2, 1942, after the US declared it an open city. US Navy construction and repair started in March 1945 with the taking of Manila in the costly Battle of Manila ending on March 2, 1945. Naval Base Manila supported the Pacific War and remained a major US Naval Advance Base until its closure in 1971.{{cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/b/building-the-navys-bases/buidling-navys-bases-vol-2-chapter-26.html|title=Building the Navy's Bases, vol. 2 (part III, chapter 26)|website=US Navy, navy.mil}}

History

The first US Navy bases were Spain's bases taken after the 1898 Battle of Manila. At the end of the Spanish–American War, Spain ceded Manila to the United States.{{Citation |last1=José Roca de Togores y Saravia |title=Blockade and siege of Manila |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lhZ3AAAAMAAJ |pages=148–150 |year=2003 |publisher=National Historical Institute |isbn=978-971-538-167-3 |last2=Remigio Garcia |last3=National Historical Institute (Philippines)}}{{cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/publications/documentary-histories/united-states-navy-s/blockade-and-siege-o.html|title=Blockade and Siege of Manila|website=US Navy, navy.mil}}{{cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/publications/documentary-histories/united-states-navy-s/the-battle-of-manila.html|title=Battle of Manila Bay|website=US Navy navy.mil}} Merchants ship from Spain and China started trading on the Sangley Peninsula in 1571. Sangley was the name given to Chinese traders, a merchant guest, in the Philippines. The two main Naval bases taken: Naval Base Cavite at Cavite City and Naval Station Sangley Point both on the Cavite Peninsula in Manila Bay, eight miles southwest of the city of Manila. The Cavite Peninsula is south of the city center of Manila. On May 1, 1898, the US Navy took over the two Naval Bases after the Battle of Manila Bay. Naval Station Sangley Point was used as a coal station for refueling ships. At the Naval Base Cavite, a repair shipyard, that Spain had called Astillero de Rivera (Rivera Shipyard), the US Navy did updates, improvements and later added a submarine base. The old Spanish hospital, run by Sisters of Charity, was taken over by the US Navy. The old hospital was replaced by a new Naval hospital, Cañacao Naval Hospital Reservation in the 1920s, this Hospital served the Navy and local population. Cañacao Naval Hospital was destroyed during the war. Starting in 1938 US and Philippines civilian contractors were used to build up the US bases at Manila. The new 1941 projects were building at Sangley Point a Seaplane base and an ammunition depot at Mariveles on the tip of Bataan Peninsula.

On December 23, 1941, it was declared that Manila was not defendable. Most civilian contractors depart Manila. US Troop were withdrawn to the Bataan Peninsula.{{cite web|url=https://history.army.mil/books/70-7_06.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223140005/http://www.history.army.mil/books/70-7_06.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 23, 2007|title=Decision To Withdraw to Bataan|website=history.army.mil}} Some Troops withdrawn to Corregidor Island in the bay, that surrendered May 6, 1942.{{cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/world-war-ii/1942/bataan-corregidor.html|title=Bataan and Corregidor|website=US Navy, navy.mil}} Japanese forces took over and started using the two Manila bases in January 1942. US civilians that did not depart were detained by Japan at University of Santo Tomas-(Santo Tomas Internment Camp) and Bilibid Prisons. The University of Santo Tomas prisoner of war (POW) camp held 3,000. The two Bilibid Prisons were used as processing centers, over 13,000 POWs, mostly Americans, were held there before being put on hell ships and transferred to other POW camps.{{cite web|url=https://expendable.us/maps-and-photos/|title=Maps and Photos – expendable.us}} Some staff at the Naval Hospital did not evacuate, including some nurses, who became POWs with the Troops in the Battle of Bataan.{{cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/oral-histories/wwii/navy-nurse-pow-philippines.html|title=Navy Nurse POW, Philippines|website=US Navy navy.mil}}[https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/oral-histories/wwii/navy-nurse.html Oral Histories – U.S. Navy Nurse in the Pacific Theater during World War II Recollections of CAPT Ann Bernatitus, US Navy navy.mil] The nurses became known as the Angels of Bataan for their care of the Troop till liberated in February 1945.Norman, Elizabeth (2013). We Band of Angels, p. 24-25.{{cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/world-war-ii/1945/philippines-navy-nurses.html|title=Navy Nurses Behind Enemy Lines in the Philippines|website=US Navy navy.mil}}Monahan, Evelyn M. & Neidel-Greenlee, Rosemary (2003). All This Hell, p. 31.

With the taking of Manila in 1945, in March 1945 the US Navy's Seabee, Naval Construction Battalions, began repairing the battle damage at the two bases. Soon improvement began, with new Troop arriving at Pacific War, a base for new Troops arriving was built at the Cavite naval base. With the fighting ships at war for years, a Cavite repair base and depot was built for the repair and maintenance of ships. United States Seventh Fleet headquarters moved into the {{convert|40|acre|sp=us|adj=on}} Manila Polo Club. At Sangley Point Seabees built a new 5,000-foot runway for Naval Air Transport Service airfield. The new airfield had 12,000-barrel tank farm, hangars, and a depot. Sangley Point seaplane base was repaired and improved, including adding a pontoon dock. The Cavite base was repaired, and a new replacement Naval hospital was built. The Manila bases and the large Fleet anchorage in Manila Bay began to build up for the expected costly invasion of Japan, planned for November 1, 1945, called Operation Downfall. With the Surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945, the invasion was not needed. The new Naval Hospital was completed and expanded. Naval Base Manila continued as US Base till 1971, when it was turned over to the Philippines Navy.{{cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/publications/documentary-histories/united-states-navy-s/the-battle-of-manila/maps.html|title=Manila Bay|website=US Navy navy.mil}}

Bases and facilities

  • Naval Station Sangley Point ({{convert|341|acre}}; 1898–1941, 1945–1971, Spain 1884–1898)
  • Naval Air Station Sangley Point, {{convert|341|acre|adj=on}} NAB Manila, {{convert|8,000|ft}} runway (1945–1971) now Danilo Atienza Air Base. The Navy operated Lockheed P-2 Neptune, Lockheed P-3 Orion, Martin P4M Mercator from 1945 to 1950.
  • Cañacao Peninsula Seaplane Base at Sangley Point (1941) (Patrol Wing 10) (Japan 1941–1945 Kanakao base), US Navy (1945–1971). Locate on the south tip of Sangley Point at {{coord|14.494402|N|120.911648|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}. The Navy operated patrol planes: P5M Marlin, HU-16 Albatross, and PBY Catalina at the base. The Seaplane Base closed in 1965 and is now part of Sangley Point National High School. Navy operated{{cite web|url=http://pacificwrecks.com/|title=Pacific Wrecks|website=pacificwrecks.com}}
  • Naval Fuel depot at Sangley Point (1938–1941, 1945–1971)
  • Cañacao Naval Hospital Reservation at Cañacao Bay (1925–1941) (Japan 1941–1945), a {{convert|27|acre|adj=on}} site at{{coord|14.491034|N|120.905203 |E|type:landmark|display=inline}} that was destroyed during the war (also see Angels of Bataan). It replaced Spain's 1875 hospital.{{cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nhhc-series/nh-series/NH-44000/NH-44684.html|title=NH 44684 First Reserve Hospital, Manila, Philippine Islands|website=NHHC}}Norman, Elizabeth (2013). We Band of Angels, p. 24.
  • Radio station at Sangley Point: three {{convert|600|ft|adj=on}} steel antenna towers (1915–1945). North antenna was at {{coord|14.494284|N|120.899401 |E|type:landmark|display=inline}}, the other two antenna towers were next to the Cañacao Naval Hospital Reservation. Removed to build 8,000-foot runway.{{cite web|url=https://pacificwrecks.com/provinces/philippines_cavite.html|title=Pacific Wrecks – Cavite, Cavite Province, Luzon, Philippines|website=pacificwrecks.com}}
  • Crash boat base
  • US Coast Guard Air Station Sangley Point, US Coast Guard run LORAN, long-range navigation (1946–1970)[https://www.mycg.uscg.mil/News/Article/2682148/the-long-blue-line-coast-guards-mission-to-the-tropics-loran-aviation-in-the-ph/ uscg.mil, Coast Guard Air Station Sangley Point]
  • United States Marine Corps Camp (1945–1970)
  • John Paul Jones School at Sangley Point opened for children of base staff (1945–1971)
  • Power plant
  • Sangley Point Ship Yard, two marine railways for ship repair, next to the seaplane base.
  • Varadero de Manila Shipyard, (1957–1970) the US Navy shipyard at Sangley Point was turned over for private use after the Korean war in 1957. Located between the seaplane base and the former Cañacao Naval Hospital Reservation at {{coord|14.493265|N|120.908952|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}. Now a boat dock.
  • Naval Base Cavite ({{convert|50|acre|adj=on}} Cavite Navy Yard and Sub Base) (1898–1941, 1945–1971), now Naval Station Pascual Ledesma
  • Cavite Submarine base (1919-1960s)[https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nhhc-series/nh-series/NH-67000/NH-67655.html US Navy Cavite Submarine base][https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/us-navy-ships/alphabetical-listing/a/uss-a-4--ex-uss-moccasin--ss-5-.html US Navy Cavite Submarine base]
  • Cavite Naval Fuel depot
  • Torpedo repair shop
  • PT boat Base (Squadron 3, 1940–1941) (1945–1946)[https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/CloseQuarters/PT-1.html Part I Into Action – Pearl Harbor and the Philippines]
  • Ammunition depot
  • Cavite ship repair, ship repair and salvage, one boat marine railway (1925–1941, 1945–1971)
  • Power plant
  • Cavite Naval Hospital (1945–1971) at {{coord|14.482996|N|120.914515|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}
  • Mariveles Naval Section Base opened July 22, 1941.[https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npswapa/extcontent/usmc/pcn-190-003140-00/sec8.htm NPS.gov Mariveles Naval Section Base][https://pacificwrecks.com/provinces/philippines_mariveles.html pacificwrecks.com, Mariveles Naval Section Base]
  • Ammunition depot at Mariveles on the tip of Bataan Peninsula
  • Mariveles Naval Port, the bay at Mariveles had an anti-submarine net to protect the ship there. (1941, 1945–1971) Net layers:USS Buckeye, USS Silverbell (AN-51)
  • Mariveles Seaplane base, at the Mariveles port a seaplane ramp and base was built at {{coord|14.430802|N|120.485315|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}.[https://pacificwrecks.com/airfields/philippines/mariveles_seaplane/index.html pacificwrecks.com Mariveles Seaplane base]
  • Mariveles Quarantine Hospital, now Mariveles Mental Wellness and General Hospital
  • Supply depot – tank farm
  • Mariveles Airfield, one dirt 3,800-foot runway at Bataan {{coord|14.45|N|120.50|E|type:landmark|display=inline}} complete on February 23, 1942. Used by US Army and Navy, with nearby Army Camp. Mariveles Airfield surrendered on April 10, 1942, and from there the Bataan Death March began. Airfield was retaken in February 1945.[https://pacificwrecks.com/airfields/philippines/mariveles/index.html pacificwrecks.com, Mariveles Airfield]
  • Submarine Squadron 2
  • US Army camp
  • Radar stations
  • Mess halls and Barracks at all three bases
  • Corregidor Island in Manila Bay (1941–1942), two Naval docks, lost in Battle of Corregidor, retaken in 1945.
  • Malinta Tunnel, built by the United States, from 1922 to 1932 as a bomb-proof storage depot and Troop bunker. Due to many wounded troops a 1,000-bed hospital was added. Built on Corregidor Island, at {{coord|14.38791406|N|120.59064738|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}.[https://www.tracesofwar.com/sights/7179/Malinta-Tunnel.htm tracesofwar.com, Malinta Tunnel]
  • Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays, four US Army forts on islands at the entrance to Manila Bay. Naval mines blocked the entrance to the Port of Manila and Manila Bay for protection. On the north side of Corregidor Island, the two mines fields could be electrically be turned on and off by controls on Corregidor Island, so US ships could use the bay safely.
  • US Navy Cryptologist Admiral Ernest J. King and other Naval intelligence personnel were taken off Corregidor by submarines on April 8, 1942.[https://stationhypo.com/2019/11/01/naval-supplementary-radio-station-melbourne-australia-closed-november-1-1945/ Naval Supplementary Radio Station Melbourne Australia ]stationhypo.com
  • Key personnel were taken off the Corregidor in Operation Flight Gridiron by two Consolidated PBY Catalina from Naval Base Perth on April 29, 1942. The mission was one of the longer rescue missions ever.In the Hands of Fate: The Story of Patrol Wing Ten, Messimer, 1985, chapter 13[http://www.lanbob.com/lanbob/H-42Auth/PT-PBY.htm PBY Catalina]lanbob.com
  • Manila Bay Naval Fleet anchorage (1898–1941, 1945–1971) (once obstacles cleared in 1945){{cite web|url=http://pacificwrecks.com/|title=Pacific Wrecks – Manila Bay (Manila Harbor) Luzon, Philippines|website=pacificwrecks.com}}
  • Port of Manila for supply depot and shore leave. (1898–1941, 1945–1971)
  • Naval supply depot in the City of Manila (1898–1941, 1945–1971){{cite web|url=https://pacificwrecks.com/provinces/philippines_manila.html|title=Pacific Wrecks – Manila, National Capital Region, Luzon, Philippines|website=pacificwrecks.com}}
  • Sternberg General Hospital in Manila (US 1898–1941), destroyed during the war.
  • Manila Army and Navy Club (1925–1941) (Japan 1941–1945)
  • Bilibid Prison (1945–1946), used by the US to hold Japanese accused of war crimes, Tomoyuki Yamashita was held at the Prison till execution.{{cite web|url=https://pacificwrecks.com/airfields/philippines/sangley/|title=Pacific Wrecks – NAS Sangley Point (Antonio Bautista, Danila Atienza) Cavite Province, Luzon, Philippines|website=pacificwrecks.com}}
  • Manila Hotel used both by US and Japan during the war.{{cite web|url=https://pacificwrecks.com/provinces/philippines_manila_hotel.html|title=Pacific Wrecks|website=pacificwrecks.com}}
  • U.S. Naval Radio Facility Bagobantay (1945–1962)
  • Fleets:
  • United States Asiatic Fleet parts stationed at Manila (1902–1907, 1910–1942)
  • United States Asiatic Fleet's Station CAST intelligence and radio (1938–1942)
  • Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Three (1941–1942)
  • Submarine tenders Ships:USS B-1, USS B-2 and USS B-3
  • United States Seventh Fleet headquarters, in the former {{convert|40|acre|adj=on}} Manila Polo Club (1945)
  • Fleet Post Office FPO# 3142 SF Manila

file:USS Rigel (AR-11) at anchor in Manila Bay, Philippines, in 1945.jpg, a repair ship, at anchor in Manila Bay in 1945]]

Naval Base Manila repair base

Naval Base Manila was a major repair base, bases at the repair facilities:

{{div col}}

{{div col end}}

file:USS Langley AV-3 at Sangley Point Oct 1941.jpg docked]]

Auxiliary Airfields

File:Naval-station-sangley-point.jpeg

File:Landing Fields - Philippines - Zablan Field - NARA - 68160718.jpg

Manila auxiliary airfields included:{{cite map |author = |title =Manila and Suburbs, (Japanese Airfields) Philippines|date =July 25, 1944 |year = |url =https://www.flickr.com/photos/johntewell/41878456482 |scale = |series = |publisher = |cartography = |page = |pages = |section = |sections = |inset = |edition = |location = |language = |format = |isbn = |id = |ref = |access-date =June 17, 2024}}

  • Bataan Airfield: Located on the east side of Bataan Peninsula, constructed in 1941 and used by US Army and Navy. Surrendered on April 10, 1942, with POWs becoming part of the Bataan Death March.
  • Nichols Field: Established in 1919 for US Army and Navy aircraft maintenance. Lost during the war, it was reutilized from 1945 to 1947 by the Army and Naval Air Transport Service (NATS). Now known as Villamor Air Base and Ninoy Aquino International Airport, under the jurisdiction of Pasay.{{cite web|url=https://pacificwrecks.com/airfields/philippines/nichols/|title=Pacific Wrecks – Nichols Field (Manila Airport, Ninoy Aquino Airport) Luzon, Philippines|website=pacificwrecks.com}}
  • Nielson Field: Initially a private airport built in 1937, it was taken over for defense in 1941 but later captured by Japan. Used by the US (APO 75) in 1945 and returned to civilian use in 1946, closing permanently in 1947. Now part of the Makati Central Business District in Makati.
  • North Avenue Airfield (Quezon Airfield): A small auxiliary airstrip on the Diliman Estate in Quezon City at {{coord|14|39|13|N|121|2|17|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}, now part of North Avenue, EDSA, and Quezon Avenue.
  • Balara Airfield (Quezon New Airfield): Used as an auxiliary airfield in Caloocan, is now occupied by residential houses in what is now Quezon City.
  • Zablan Auxiliary Airfield: Built before the war as an emergency runway at {{coord|14.609875|N|121.078753|E|display=inline}}, it closed after the war. It is now part of Camp Aguinaldo.
  • Mandaluyong East Airfield: Built by Japan but not developed by the US, now part of Shaw Boulevard in Mandaluyong and Pasig.
  • Pasig Airfield: Built by Japan but not developed by the US, it was used as an emergency runway at {{coord|14.583526942582386|N|121.10226775768227|E|type:landmark|display=inline}} in Pasig, running in parallel to a railroad. It is now part of residential areas in Barangay Santa Lucia, Pasig.
  • Grace Park Airfield (Manila North Airfield): Built by Japan, used by the US Army, and later as an emergency runway in 1945 at {{coord|14.646844|N|121.983250|E|display=inline}}. Located in Grace Park, Caloocan.
  • Dewey Boulevard Airfield: Built by Japan and not developed by the US due to its waterfront location, was briefly utilized for the movement of planes. Located in Ermita near the US Embassy, which functioned as a parking area for aircraft during that time. Now Roxas Boulevard at {{coord|14.570947|N|120.982011|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}.
  • Marikina Airfield: Located in Marikina, liberated by Naval Base Manila in 1945, and converted into a sports field.

Seabee units

{{main|Seabees in World War II}}

Seabee units working at Naval Base Manila:

  • 12th Naval Construction Regiment
  • 77th Battalion
  • 119th Battalion
  • ACORN-45

Losses

{{main|Battle of Manila (1945)}}

File:Naval Station Sangley Point aerial2 c1964.jpg

Gallery

Naval-station-sangley-point1947.jpeg|US Naval Station Sangley Point in 1947, with Quonset hut, barracks, shops, supply depot, mess hall and more.

USCG Air Detachment Sangley Point aerial photo.jpg|Seaplane Base at Sangley Point.

Cavite Navy Yard Philippines docks 1899.jpg|Cavite Navy Yard docks in 1899, year after it became a US Navy Shipyard

Vought O2U Corsair over Cavite in 1930.jpg|A O2U floatplane flies over the Cavite Navy Yard, in 1930, below seaplane tender USS Jason and Sangley Point

Bataan-Peninsula24Jan1945.jpg|Bataan Peninsula on 24 January 1945, with Mariveles Seaplane base, port and Airfield. Japan is bombing the runway. Mariveles surrendered on April 10, 1942, the start of Bataan Death March. Mariveles was retaken in February 1945

USS Rigel (AR-11) at anchor in Manila Bay, Philippines, in 1945.jpg|USS Rigel (AR-11), a repair ship in Manila Bay

Cavite Navy Yard bombed aerial photo 10 Dec 1941.jpg|Cavite Navy Yard bombed by Japan on December 10, 1941. Smoke rises from Cavite Navy Yard.

SharkA-7(SS-8)atcavite.jpg|Submarine USS Shark (SS-8) at the Cavite Navy Yard 1911

USS Kline (APD-120) anchored off Manila, Philippines, in July 1945.jpg|USS Kline (APD-120) anchored off Manila in July 1945

Castilla wreck.jpg|The wreck of the Spanish Navy cruiser Castilla after the Battle of Manila Bay in 1898.

Naval Base Mariveles.jpg|Entrance to Naval Base Mariveles after the fall of Bataan.

Army Navy Club Manila (15350842535).jpg|Manila Army and Navy Club

Army Navy Club.jpg|Manila Army and Navy Club

Army Navy Club Reception Area.jpg|Manila Army and Navy Club Reception Area

Philippine Island - Manila - NARA - 68156432.jpg|Manila Army and Navy Club in 1932

Army Navy Club Historical Marker.jpg|Manila Army and Navy Club Historical Marker

Manila American Cemetery and Memorial.jpg|Manila American Cemetery and Memorial

Manilajf8547 10.JPG|Battle of Manila (1945) Historical Marker at Malacañang Palace

Cavite Boulevard sketch by Burnham.jpg|Manila Bay and Cavite in the bay

Naval Station Sangley Point aerial1 c1964.jpg|Naval Station Sangley Point in 1964

ManilaBayBattle.jpg|Manila Bay Battle in 1898

Map of Corregidor 1941.jpg|Map of Corregidor Island in 1941

USSCanopus(AS-9)atCavite.jpg|USS Canopus (AS-9) submarine tender in 1932 with S-37; S-40; S-36; S-38; S-41; S-39 at Cavite

KITLV A393 - Fort San Felipe te Cavite op de Filippijnen, KITLV 79629.tiff|Fort San Felipe in Cavite in 1888 on Naval Base Cavite

Photograph of American Prisoners Using Improvised Litters to Carry Comrades, 05-1942 - NARA - 535564.jpg|Bataan Death March that started at US Navy port at Mariveles on Bataan Peninsula on April 10, 1942, with US Army, Navy, Marines, Naval Hospital staff and Filipino Troops.

Bataan Death March route vector.svg|Map Bataan Death March route 1942

Japanese War Crimes Trials. Manila - NARA - 292609.tif|Japanese War Crimes Trials in Manila

Bataan Death March Memorial Las Cruces NM.jpg|Bataan Death March Memorial Las Cruces, New Mexico

Marivelesbataanjf4224.JPG|Zero Kilometer Death March Marker in Mariveles

See also

References