Nazran

The name of the town, possibly, derives from the name of the legendary first settler Nyasar ({{langx|inh|Наьсар}}, also referred as Närt-Näsar {{langx|inh|Наьрт-Наьсар|lit=Hero Näsar|links=no}}).{{sfn|Kurkiev|1978|p=21}}{{sfn|Kurkiev|1979|p=217}}{{efn|Alimbek Kurkiev who held this point of view, did not rule out the possibility of certain connection of 'Nazran' with the mineral water {{ill|Narzan|ru|Нарзан}}, found in present-day Stavropol Krai, or with the Kabardian name of Kislovodsk, {{transliteration|kbd|Nartsanē{{noitalic|/}}Nartsana}} ({{langx|kbd|Нарцанэ/Нартсана|links=no}}).{{sfn|Kurkiev|1979|p=217}}}}

The town is associated by some scholars like {{ill|Leonid Lavrov|ru|Лавров, Леонид Иванович}} with the Arabic word "al nasaraa" ({{lang|ar|النصارى}}),{{efn|In Russian transliteration of {{ill|Leonid Lavrov|ru|Лавров, Леонид Иванович}} насрāнӣй.}} meaning "Christian", thus explaining that the name was gotten from the fact that supposedly Christianity held on for longer in Nazran unlike in other neighboring places in Ingushetia. Although author explains that Muslims already were present here in 1405–1406.{{sfn|Lavrov|1966|p=200}} Vladimir

Markovin also stated that the name of Nazran has an Arabic origin while quoting Lavrov.{{sfn|Markovin|1987|p=39}}{{efn|Markovin used this as one of the arguments that the spread Christianity by Georgians had strong influence on Chechens and Ingush, in particularly their culture and language.{{sfn|Markovin|1987|p=39}}}}

File:Nasranova.jpg

File:Memorial of memory and glory in Nazran 2.jpg

The aul of Nazran was founded in the late 18th century,{{sfn|БСЭ|1939}} with the official date of the foundation being considered 1781.{{cite web|title=General Information|url=https://nazrangrad.ru/nash-gorod-nazran/|publisher=Irkutsk Oblast|language=russian|access-date=September 3, 2017}} This is based on the report of L. L. Shteder, who during his expedition to Caucasus in 1781, noticed Ingush outposts on the river of {{ill|Nazranka|ru|Назранка}}.{{sfn|Pallas (Shteder)|1797|page=26}}

After becoming a military fortress in 1817, Nazran saw large numbers of Ingush population moving into it. It was granted town status in 1967.

During the Russian Empire, the settlement was the administrative capital of the Nazranovsky Okrug of the Terek Oblast. During the Soviet period, Nazran was the administrative center of Nazranovsky District within the Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. After the Republic of Ingushetia and the Chechen Republic were separated in 1991, the town became the republic's capital. This brought about a sharp increase in population: while counting 18,246 inhabitants according to the 1989 Census,{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}} during the 2002 Census Nazran had as many as 125,056 inhabitants.{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}

{{Main|2004 Nazran raid}}

In 2004, a group of Chechen and Ingush militants{{Cite book|editor=Редакция газеты Ежедневная Деловая Газета Рбк|date=2019-12-17|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oSi1BwAAQBAJ&dq=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C&pg=PA3|title=Ежедневная деловая газета РБК 227-2014|publisher=Litres|page=3|isbn=9785457744660|via=Google Books}} carried out a large-scale raid on Ingushetia, led by Shamil Basayev. The overnight attacks targeted fifteen official buildings in Nazran, and at least three towns and villages located on the Baku-Rostov highway that crosses the republic from east to west.

The raid lasted nearly five hours, and the assailants - said to number 200 to 300 - withdrew almost unscathed; the raiders apparently lost only two men during the attacks. The rebels killed 67 members of security forces, including the republic's Interior Minister Abukar Kostoyev, his deputy Zyaudin Kotiev, top prosecutors, and other officials; they also captured and looted the MVD's armory and police depots. 25 civilians, including a local United Nations worker, were killed in the crossfire.

Federal Interior Minister Rashid Nurgaliyev met with General Vyacheslav Tikhomirov, the commander of Russia's Interior Ministry forces, and blamed them for the high number of deaths. Tikhomirov decided to resign after the meeting.

Widespread protests erupted in January 2008, with a strong government response. The disturbances appear to have been fueled by heavy-handed government and para-military activity, including abductions, arrests and murders.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7211046.stm "Clashes erupt at Ingushetia rally"] (BBC News, 26 January 2008) Protesters demanded the resignation of President Zyazikov.

{{Main|2009 Nazran bombing}}

In August 2009, a suicide bomber drove a truck filled with explosives into the Nazran police headquarters. Russian news agencies reported that 25 were killed in the attack, and roughly 140 were wounded. It is believed that more bodies may still be in the rubble, yet to be found. The police headquarters was completely destroyed in the attack, including up to 30 police vehicles and munition stores.[http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-ingushetia-bomb18-2009aug18,0,5539599.story "Bombing kills 20 in Russian republic of Ingushetia"] (Los Angeles Times, 18 August 2009)

File:Matt-loam.jpg

Nazran is located in the western area of Ingushetia, at the borders with Prigorodny Raion of North Ossetia-Alania. It also borders the raion of Nazranovsky; and the nearest settlements are Ekazhevo, the new town of Magas, and Barsuki. It is 27 km from the North Ossetian-Alanian capital city, Vladikavkaz, 19 from Karabulak and 54 from Malgobek.

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Nazran serves as the administrative center of Nazranovsky District, even though it is not a part of it.{{citation needed|date=June 2010}} As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of republic significance of Nazran—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.{{citation needed|date=June 2010}} As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Nazran is incorporated as Nazran Urban Okrug.Law #5-RZ

Nazran has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb).

{{Weather box

| width = auto

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| location = Nazran

| Jan high C =2.0

| Feb high C =3.6

| Mar high C =8.3

| Apr high C =13.8

| May high C =18.7

| Jun high C =22.8

| Jul high C =25.7

| Aug high C =26.0

| Sep high C =20.7

| Oct high C =14.6

| Nov high C =8.3

| Dec high C =3.7

| Jan mean C =-2.3

| Feb mean C =-0.9

| Mar mean C =3.4

| Apr mean C =9.0

| May mean C =14.3

| Jun mean C =18.5

| Jul mean C =21.2

| Aug mean C =21.3

| Sep mean C =16.4

| Oct mean C =10.3

| Nov mean C =3.9

| Dec mean C =-0.7

| Jan low C =-6.1

| Feb low C =-5.0

| Mar low C =-1.4

| Apr low C =3.8

| May low C =8.3

| Jun low C =13.5

| Jul low C =16.3

| Aug low C =16.5

| Sep low C =12.1

| Oct low C =6.3

| Nov low C =0.2

| Dec low C =-4.3

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm =35

| Feb precipitation mm =37

| Mar precipitation mm =62

| Apr precipitation mm =75

| May precipitation mm =102

| Jun precipitation mm =110

| Jul precipitation mm =77

| Aug precipitation mm =70

| Sep precipitation mm =67

| Oct precipitation mm =57

| Nov precipitation mm =42

| Dec precipitation mm =34

| source = {{cite web

|url= https://en.climate-data.org/location/848/

|title= Climate: Nazran

|publisher= Climate-Data.org

|access-date=December 27, 2017}}

}}

Nazran is located on the M29 federal highway and has a railway station on the Rostov-on-Don–Baku line. Magas Airport serves the city and the near town of Magas.

FC Angusht Nazran is the city's association football club. Its home ground is the Rashid Aushev Central Stadium.

• {{flagicon|Russia}} Kislovodsk, Russia.{{cite web |title=Nazran |url=http://aksakal.info/pages%2Bview%2B85.html |website=aksakal.info |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316003501/http://aksakal.info/pages%2Bview%2B85.html |access-date=25 March 2023|archive-date=March 16, 2009 }}

{{Gallery

|title=

|width=160 | height=140 |align=center

|footer=

||View from the city pond

|File:Memorial-Nazran.jpg|Memorial for the memory of victims of political oppressions in Nazran

|File:Nazran2015.jpg|Panoramic view

|File:Nazran (station; 01).png|Railway station building

|File:Кинотеатр Матрица.jpg|Cinema "Matritsa"

}}

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{Cite book|author=Peter Simon Pallas|author-link=Peter Simon Pallas|year=1797|url={{Google Books|JZ9E9Qb6KowC|plainurl=yes}}|title=Tagebuch einer Reise die im Jahr 1781 von der Granzfestung Mosdok nach dem innern Caucasus unternommen worden|trans-title=Diary of a journey made in 1781 from the Grand Fortress of Mozdok to the inner Caucasus|language=de|location=St. Petersburg und Leipzig|publisher=Ben Johann Zacharias Logan|pages=1–142|ref={{harvid|Pallas (Shteder)|1797}}}}

{{refend}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{Cite web|author=Администрация города Назрань|url=https://nazrangrad.ru/nash-gorod-nazran/|title=Наш город Назрань|trans-title=Our city Nazran|website=www.nazrangrad.ru|date=April 3, 2024 |language=ru}}
• {{Cite book|last=Алироев|first=И. Ю.|year=1978|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wR9kAAAAMAAJ|title=Вопросы отраслевой лексики|trans-title=Questions of industry vocabulary|language=ce, inh, ru|location=Грозный|publisher=Чечено-Ингушский гос. унив|pages=1–131}}
• {{Cite periodical|last=Гаджиев|first=З. Т.|year=2019|editor-last1=Барахоева|editor-first1=Н. М.|editor-last2=Дзарахова|editor-first2=З. М.-Т.|editor-last3=Жеребило|editor-first3=Т. В.|url=https://ingnii.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/%E2%84%96-2-2019.pdf|title=К вопросу о датировке основания города Назрань как ингушского поселения, существующего не менее 250 лет|trans-title=On the question of dating the founding of the city of Nazran as an Ingush settlement that has existed for at least 250 years|journal=Вестник Ингушского научно-исследовательского института гуманитарных наук им. Ч.Э. Ахриева|language=ru|issue=2|location=Магас|pages=171–191}}
• {{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Жуков|editor-first=Е. М.|display-editors=etal|year=1964|url= https://runivers.ru/include/lib/download.php?file=88361|title=Двинск—Индонезия|trans-title=Dvinsk—Indonesia|encyclopedia=Советская историческая энциклопедия|volume=5|location=М.|publisher=Советская энциклопедия|at=col. 1–960|ref={{harvid|Советская историческая энциклопедия|1964}}}}
• {{Cite book|last=Kurkiev|first=A. S.|year=1978|chapter=Вопросы ингушской антропонимики|trans-chapter=Questions of Ingush anthroponymy|editor-last1=Aliroev|editor-first1=I. Yu.|editor-last2=Selimov|editor-first2=A. A.|editor-last3=Shekurova|editor-first3=V. G.|editor-last4=Bibulatov|editor-first4=N. S.|url=https://dzurdzuki.com/download/voprosy-otraslevoj-leksiki-1978-g/|title=Вопросы отраслевой лексики|trans-title=Questions of industry vocabulary|language=ru|location=Grozny|publisher=ChIGU|pages=19–35}}
• {{Cite book|last=Kurkiev|first=A. S.|year=1979 |url=https://dzurdzuki.com/download/kurkiev-a-s-osnovnye-voprosy-leksikologii-ingushskogo-yazyka-1979g/ |title=Основные вопросы лексикологии ингушского языка |trans-title=The main questions of the lexicology of the Ingush language |language=ru|location=Grozny |publisher=ChIKI|pages=1–254}}
• {{Cite book|last=Markovin|first=V. I.|year=1987|chapter=О христианизации горцев северо-восточного Кавказа и храме Датуна в Дагестане|trans-chapter=On the Christianization of the Highlanders of the North-Eastern Caucasus and the Temple of Datong in Dagestan|editor-last1=Magomedov|editor-first1=D. M.|editor-last2=Mammaev|editor-first2=M. M.|url=https://instituteofhistory.ru/media/library/publication/files/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0._%D0%A1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82_itWtcvf.pdf|title=Художественная культура средневекового Дагестана: сборник статей|trans-title=Artistic culture of medieval Dagestan: collection of articles|language=ru|location=Makhachkala|publisher=DF AN SSSR|pages=37–48}}
• {{Cite book|last=Lavrov|first=L. I.|year=1966|editor-last1=Bolshakov|editor-first1=O. G.|editor-last2=Gardanov|display-editors=etal|url=https://disk.yandex.ru/i/d7Ap-lTOXTsX2|title=Эпиграфические памятники Северного Кавказа X—XVII вв..|trans-title=Epigraphic monuments of the North Caucasus in the 10th-17th centuries|series=Памятники письменности Востока|language=ru|volume=1|location=Moscow|publisher=Nauka|pages=1–299}}
• {{Cite book|last=Поспелов|first=Е. М.|year=2008|url=https://obuchalka.org/20201012125869/geograficheskie-nazvaniya-rossii-toponimicheskii-slovar-bolee-4000-edinic-pospelov-e-m-2008.html|title=Географические названия России. Топонимический словарь|trans-title=Geographical names of Russia. Toponymic Dictionary|language=ru|location=Москва|publisher=АСТ, Астрель|pages=1–523|isbn=978-5-17-054966-5}}
• {{Cite book|last=Сулейманов|first=А. С.|year=1980|editor-last=Лепиев|editor-first=А. С.|url=https://dzurdzuki.com/download/sulejmanov-a-s-toponimiya-checheno-ingushetii-chast-3-predgornaya-ravnina-1980/|title=Часть III: (Предгорная равнина Чечено-Ингушетии)|trans-title=Part 3: (Piedmont plain of Checheno-Ingushetia)|series=Топонимия Чечено-Ингушетии: в IV частях (1976-1985 гг.)|language=ru|location=Грозный|publisher=Чечено-Ингушское Книжное Издательство|pages=1–220}}
• {{Cite book|last=Твёрдый|first=А. В.|year=2008|editor-last=Макаренко|editor-first=Ю. Г.|url=http://apsnyteka.org/2810-tverdy_kavkaz_v_imenah_nazvaniah_legendah_2008.html|title=Кавказ в именах, названиях, легендах: опыт топонимического словаря|trans-title=Caucasus in names, titles, legends: Toponymic Dictionary Experience|language=ru|location=Краснодар|publisher=Платонов И.|pages=1–432|isbn=978-5-89564-044-9}}
• {{Cite wikisource|editor-last=Шмидт|editor-first=О. Ю.|editor-link=Otto Schmidt|display-editors=etal|wslink=БСЭ1|chapter=Назрановцы|trans-chapter=The Nazranians|plaintitle=Большая Советская Энциклопедия|language=ru|wslanguage=ru|volume=41: Наган — Нидерландское искусство|edition=1st|location=Москва|publisher=Советская энциклопедия|year=1939|at=col. 52|ref={{harvid|БСЭ|1939}}}}

{{refend}}

• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|in|mun|list}}

{{commons category|Nazran}}

• {{in lang|ru}} [http://www.nazrangrad.ru/ Nazran official website]
• {{OSM|w|34127229|Nazran}}

{{Republic of Ingushetia}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2011}}

Category:Cities and towns in Ingushetia