Near-close near-front unrounded vowel

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=ɪ

|ipa number=319

|decimal=618

|xsampa=I

|kirshenbaum=I

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x026A.svg

|imagesize=150px

|braille=st

}}

File:Spectrogram near-close near-front unrounded vowel (IPA ɪ).png

File:IPA Ɪ Sagittal Section.svg of a vocal tract pronouncing the IPA sound {{angbr|Ɪ}}. Note that a wavy glottis in this diagram indicates a voiced sound.]]

The near-close near-front unrounded vowel, or near-high near-front unrounded vowel,{{Vowel terminology}} is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɪ}}, the small capital I. The International Phonetic Association advises serifs on the symbol's ends.{{cite web|title=IPA Fonts: General Advice|url=https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-fonts#general|publisher=International Phonetic Association|date=2015|quote=With any font you consider using, it is worth checking that the symbol for the centralized close front vowel ({{big|ɪ}}, U+026A) appears correctly with serifs top and bottom; that the symbol for the dental click (ǀ, U+01C0) is distinct from the lower-case L (l)}} Some sans-serif fonts do meet this typographic specification.Sans-serif fonts with serifed {{big|ɪ}} (despite having serifless capital I) include Arial, FreeSans and Lucida Sans.
On the other hand, Segoe and Tahoma place serifs on {{big|ɪ}} as well as capital I.
Finally, both are serifless in Calibri. Prior to 1989, there was an alternate symbol for this sound: {{angbr IPA|ɩ}} (the Latin iota), the use of which is no longer sanctioned by the IPA.{{sfnp|International Phonetic Association|1999|p=167}} Despite that, some modern writingsSuch as {{Harvcoltxt|Árnason|2011}} still use it.

Handbook of the International Phonetic Association defines {{IPA|[ɪ]}} as a mid-centralized (lowered and centralized) close front unrounded vowel (transcribed {{IPA|[i̽]}} or {{IPA|[ï̞]}}), and the current official IPA name of the vowel transcribed with the symbol {{angbr IPA|ɪ}} is a near-close near-front unrounded vowel.{{sfnp|International Phonetic Association|1999|pp=13, 168, 180}} However, some languages have the close-mid near-front unrounded vowel, a vowel that is somewhat lower than the canonical value of {{IPA|[ɪ]}}, though it still fits the definition of a mid-centralized {{IPAblink|i}}. It occurs in some dialects of English (such as Californian, General American and modern Received Pronunciation){{sfnp|Ladefoged|1999|p=42}}{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=486}}{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=90}} as well as some other languages (such as Icelandic),{{sfnp|Árnason|2011|p=60}}{{Harvcoltxt|Einarsson|1945|p=10}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt|Gussmann|2011|p=73}} and it can be transcribed with the symbol {{angbr IPA|ɪ̞}} (a lowered {{angbr IPA|ɪ}}) in narrow transcription. For the close-mid (near-)front unrounded vowel that is not usually transcribed with the symbol {{angbr IPA|ɪ}} (or {{angbr IPA|i}}), see close-mid front unrounded vowel.

In some other languages (such as Danish, Luxembourgish and Sotho){{sfnp|Grønnum|1998|p=100}}{{sfnp|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|p=70}}{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|p=45}}{{sfnp|Doke|Mofokeng|1974|p=?}} there is a fully front near-close unrounded vowel (a sound between cardinal {{IPAblink|i}} and {{IPAblink|e}}), which can be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɪ̟}}, {{angbr IPA|i̞}} or {{angbr IPA|e̝}}. There may be phonological reasons not to transcribe the fully front variant with the symbol {{angbr IPA|ɪ}}, which may incorrectly imply a relation to the close {{IPAblink|i}}.

Sometimes, especially in broad transcription, this vowel is transcribed with a simpler symbol {{angbr IPA|i}}, which technically represents the close front unrounded vowel.

Features

{{front vowel}} The prototypical {{IPA|[ɪ]}} is somewhat further back (near-front) than the neighboring cardinal vowels.

Occurrence

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \|Abenaki \|nis \|[nɪs] \|'two' \|The quality varies between near-close [ɪ] and close [i].{{Cite web \|title=Abenaki, Western \|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/abe/25 \|access-date=2022-05-26 \|website=Ethnologue \|language=en}}{{Cite web \|title=Numbers in Abenaki \|url=https://omniglot.com/language/numbers/abenaki.htm \|access-date=2022-05-26 \|website=omniglot.com}}{{Cite book \|last=Warne \|first=Janet Leila \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5i2UmQEACAAJ \|title=A Historical Phonology of Abenaki \|date=1975 \|publisher=Thesis (M.A.)--McGill University \|language=en}} See Abenaki phonology
Afrikaans	Standard{{sfnp\|Lass\|1987\|p=119}}	{{lang\|af\|meter}}	{{IPA\|[ˈmɪ̞ˑtɐr]}}	'meter'	Close-mid. Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɪə/}} in less stressed words and in stressed syllables of polysyllabic words. In the latter case, it is in free variation with the diphthongal realization {{IPA\|[ɪə̯ ~ ɪ̯ə ~ ɪə]}}.{{sfnp\|Lass\|1987\|p=119}} See Afrikaans phonology
rowspan="2" \| Arabic	Kuwaiti{{sfnp\|Ayyad\|2011\|p=?}}	{{lang\|ar\|بِنْت\|rtl=yes}}/bint	{{IPA\|[bɪnt]}}	'girl'	rowspan="2" \| Corresponds to {{IPA\|/i/}} in Classical Arabic. Contrasts with {{IPA\|/i/}} or {{IPA\|[iː]}}{{sfnp\|Ayyad\|2011\|p=?}}{{sfnp\|Khattab\|2007\|p=?}} See Arabic phonology
Lebanese{{sfnp\|Khattab\|2007\|p=?}}	{{lang\|ar\|بِرْكِة\|rtl=yes}}/birké	{{IPA\|[bɪrke]}}	'pool'
colspan="2" \| Burmese{{sfnp\|Watkins\|2001\|p=293}}	မြစ်/mracʻ	{{IPA\|[mjɪʔ]}}	'root'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/i/}} in syllables closed by a glottal stop and when nasalized.{{sfnp\|Watkins\|2001\|p=293}}
Chinese	Shanghainese{{sfnp\|Chen\|Gussenhoven\|2015\|p=328}}	{{lang\|wuu\|一}} / {{lang\|wuu-Latn\|ih}}	{{IPA\|[ɪ̞ʔ˥]}}	'one'	Close-mid; appears only in closed syllables. Phonetically, it is nearly identical to {{IPA\|/ɛ/}} ({{IPAblink\|e\|e̠}}), which appears only in open syllables.{{sfnp\|Chen\|Gussenhoven\|2015\|p=328}}
Czech	Bohemian{{sfnp\|Dankovičová\|1999\|p=72}}	{{lang\|cs\|byli}}	{{IPA\|[ˈbɪlɪ]}}	'they were'	The quality has been variously described as near-close near-front {{IPA\|[ɪ]}}{{sfnp\|Dankovičová\|1999\|p=72}} and close-mid front {{IPA\|[ɪ̟˕]}}.{{sfnp\|Šimáčková\|Podlipský\|Chládková\|2012\|pp=228–229}} It corresponds to close front {{IPAblink\|i}} in Moravian Czech.{{sfnp\|Šimáčková\|Podlipský\|Chládková\|2012\|pp=228–229}} See Czech phonology
h \| Danish	Standard{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|1998\|p=100}}{{sfnp\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=45}}	{{lang\|da\|hel}}	{{IPA\|[ˈhe̝ːˀl]}}	'whole'	Fully front; contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels.{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|1998\|p=100}}{{sfnp\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=45}} It is typically transcribed in IPA with {{IPAalink\|eː}} - the way it is pronounced in the conservative variety.{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|Johnson\|2010\|p=227}} The Danish vowel transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɪ}} is pronounced similarly to the short {{IPA\|/e/}}.{{sfnp\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=58}} See Danish phonology
Dutch	Standard{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=128}}{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1992\|p=47}}{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2005\|p=245}}	{{lang\|nl\|blik}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Nl-blik.ogg\|[blɪk]\|help=no}}	'glance'	The Standard Northern realization is near-close {{IPA\|[ɪ]}},{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=128}}{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1992\|p=47}} but the Standard Belgian realization has also been described as close-mid {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}}.{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2005\|p=245}} Some regional dialects have a vowel that is slightly closer to the cardinal {{IPAblink\|i}}.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=131}} See Dutch phonology
rowspan="11" \| English	Californian{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|1999\|p=42}}	rowspan="8" \| bit	rowspan="2" \| {{Audio-IPA\|en-us-bit.ogg\|[bɪ̞t]\|help=no}}	rowspan="8" \| 'bit'	rowspan="2" \| Close-mid.{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|1999\|p=42}}{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=486}} See English phonology
General American{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=486}}
Estuary{{sfnp\|Altendorf\|Watt\|2004\|p=188}}	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[bɪʔt]}}	Can be fully front {{IPA\|[ɪ̟]}}, near-front {{IPA\|[ɪ]}} or close-mid {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}}, with other realizations also being possible.{{sfnp\|Altendorf\|Watt\|2004\|p=188}}
Received Pronunciation{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=90}}{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=291}}	Close-mid {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}} for younger speakers, near-close {{IPA\|[ɪ]}} for older speakers.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=90}}{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=291}}
General Australian{{sfnp\|Cox\|Fletcher\|2017\|p=65}}	{{IPA\|[bɪ̟t]}}	Fully front;{{sfnp\|Cox\|Fletcher\|2017\|p=65}} also described as close {{IPAblink\|i}}.{{sfnp\|Cox\|Palethorpe\|2007\|p=344}} See Australian English phonology
Inland Northern American{{sfnp\|Gordon\|2004\|pp=294, 296}}	rowspan="3" \| {{IPA\|[bɪt]}}	The quality varies between near-close near-front {{IPA\|[ɪ]}}, near-close central {{IPAblink\|ɪ̈}}, close-mid near-front {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}} and close-mid central {{IPAblink\|ɘ}}.{{sfnp\|Gordon\|2004\|pp=294, 296}}
Philadelphian{{sfnp\|Gordon\|2004\|p=290}}	The height varies between near-close {{IPA\|[ɪ]}} and close-mid {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}}.{{sfnp\|Gordon\|2004\|p=290}}
Welsh{{sfnp\|Tench\|1990\|p=135}}{{sfnp\|Connolly\|1990\|p=125}}{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|1990\|p=93}}	Near-close {{IPA\|[ɪ]}} in Abercrave and Port Talbot, close-mid {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}} in Cardiff.{{sfnp\|Tench\|1990\|p=135}}{{sfnp\|Connolly\|1990\|p=125}}{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|1990\|p=93}}
New Zealand{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007\|p=98}}{{sfnp\|Gordon\|Maclagan\|2004\|p=609}}	rowspan="3" \| bed	rowspan="3" \| {{IPA\|[be̝d]}}	rowspan="3" \| 'bed'	The quality varies between near-close front {{IPA\|[e̝]}}, near-close near-front {{IPA\|[ɪ]}}, close-mid front {{IPAblink\|e}} and close-mid near-front {{IPAblink\|e\|e̠}}.{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007\|p=98}} It is typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|e}}. In the cultivated variety, it is mid {{IPAblink\|e̞}}.{{sfnp\|Gordon\|Maclagan\|2004\|p=609}} See New Zealand English phonology
Some Australian speakers{{sfnp\|Cox\|Fletcher\|2017\|pp=65, 67}}	Close-mid {{IPAblink\|e}} in General Australian, may be even lower for some other speakers.{{sfnp\|Cox\|Fletcher\|2017\|pp=65, 67}} See Australian English phonology
Some South African speakers{{sfnp\|Bowerman\|2004\|pp=936–937}}	Used by some General and Broad speakers. In the Broad variety, it is usually lower {{IPAblink\|ɛ}}, whereas in the General variety, it can be close-mid {{IPAblink\|e}} instead.{{sfnp\|Bowerman\|2004\|pp=936–937}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|e}}. See South African English phonology
French	Quebec{{sfnp\|Walker\|1984\|pp=51–60}}	{{lang\|fr\|petite}}	{{IPA\|[pət͡sɪt]}}	'small'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/i/}} in closed syllables.{{sfnp\|Walker\|1984\|pp=51–60}} See Quebec French phonology
German	Standard{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|pp=34, 64}}	{{lang\|de\|bitte}}	{{Audio-IPA\|De-bitte.ogg\|[ˈb̥ɪ̞tə]\|help=no}}	'please'	Close-mid; for some speakers, it may be as high as {{IPAblink\|i}}.{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|pp=34, 64}} See Standard German phonology
colspan="2" \| Hindustani{{sfnp\|Ohala\|1999\|p=102}}	{{lang\|hi\|इरादा}}/{{lang\|ur\|ارادہ\|rtl=yes}}/iraadaa	{{IPA\|[ɪˈɾäːd̪ä]}}	'intention'	See Hindustani phonology
colspan="2" \| Hungarian{{sfnp\|Szende\|1994\|p=92}}	{{lang\|hu\|visz}}	{{IPA\|[vɪs]}}	'to carry'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|i}}. See Hungarian phonology
colspan="2" \| Icelandic{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=60}}	{{lang\|is\|vinur}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʋɪ̞ːnʏ̞ɾ]}}	'friend'	Close-mid.{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=60}} See Icelandic phonology
colspan="2" \| Kabiye	{{lang\|kbp\|kabɩyɛ}}	{{IPA\|[kàbɪ̀jɛ̀]}}	'Kabiye'	-ATR front vowel. See Kabiye language
colspan="2" \| Kazakh	{{lang\|kk\|бір}}/bır	{{IPA\|[bɪ̞ɾ]}}	'one'	Close-mid. See Kazakh phonology
colspan="2" \| Limburgish{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|pp=158–159}}{{sfnp\|Peters\|2006\|p=119}}	{{lang\|li\|hin}}	{{IPA\|[ɦɪ̞n]}}	'chicken'	Near-close {{IPA\|[ɪ]}}{{sfnp\|Peters\|2006\|p=119}} or close-mid {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}},{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|pp=158–159}} depending on the dialect. The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect.
colspan="2" \| Luxembourgish{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|p=70}}	{{lang\|lb\|Been}}	{{IPA\|[be̝ːn]}}	'leg'	Fully front.{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|p=70}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|eː}}. See Luxembourgish phonology
colspan="2" \|Malay \|kecil \|{{IPA\|[kət͡ʃɪl]}} \|'small' \|Allophone of {{IPA\|/i/}} in closed-final syllables. May be [{{IPA link\|e}}] or [{{IPA link\|e̞}}] depending on the speaker. See Malay phonology
colspan="2" \| Norwegian{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13-14}}	{{lang\|no\|litt}}	{{IPA\|[lɪ̟tː]}}	'a little'	The example word is from Urban East Norwegian, in which the vowel has been variously described as near-close front {{IPA\|[ɪ̟]}}{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13-14}} and close front {{IPAblink\|i}}.{{sfnp\|Kvifte\|Gude-Husken\|2005\|p=2}} See Norwegian phonology
Portuguese	Brazilian{{sfnp\|Barbosa\|Albano\|2004\|p=229}}	{{lang\|pt\|cine}}	{{IPA\|[ˈsinɪ]}}	'cine'	Reduction and neutralization of unstressed {{IPA\|/e/}} (can be epenthetic), {{IPA\|/ɛ/}} and {{IPA\|/i/}}. Can be voiceless. See Portuguese phonology
colspan="2" \| Russian{{sfnp\|Jones\|Ward\|1969\|p=37}}{{sfnp\|Yanushevskaya\|Bunčić\|2015\|p=225}}	{{lang\|ru\|дерево}}/derevo	{{Audio-IPA\|Ru-дерево.ogg\|[ˈdʲerʲɪvə]\|help=no}}	'tree'	Backness varies between fully front and near-front. It occurs only in unstressed syllables.{{sfnp\|Jones\|Ward\|1969\|p=37}}{{sfnp\|Yanushevskaya\|Bunčić\|2015\|p=225}} See Russian phonology
colspan="2" \| Saterland Frisian{{sfnp\|Peters\|2017\|p=?}}	{{lang\|stq\|Dee}}	{{IPA\|[de̝ː]}}	'dough'	Phonetic realization of {{IPA\|/eː/}} and {{IPA\|/ɪ/}}. Near-close front {{IPA\|[e̝ː]}} in the former case, close-mid near-front {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}} in the latter. Phonetically, the latter is nearly identical to {{IPA\|/ɛː/}} ({{IPAblink\|e\|e̠ː}}).{{sfnp\|Peters\|2017\|p=?}}
colspan="2" \| Scottish Gaelic{{sfnp\|Oftedal\|1956\|p=64}}	{{lang\|gd\|fios}}	{{IPA\|[fɪs̪]}}	'information'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/i/}} before broad consonants and in unstressed syllables.
colspan="2" \| Sicilian{{cite book\|last=Hull\|first=Geoffrey\|author-link=Geoffrey Hull\|title=Polyglot Italy: Languages, Dialects, Peoples\|publisher=CIS Educational\|year=1989}}	{{lang\|scn\|unni}}	{{IPA\|scn\|ˈunnɪ

} || 'Where' || Unstressed allophone of {{IPAblink|i}}. See Sicilian vowel system

| colspan="2" | Sinhala{{sfnp|Perera|Jones|1919|pp=5, 9}} || {{lang|si|පිරිමි}}/pirimi ||{{IPA|[ˈpi̞ɾi̞mi̞]}} || 'male' || Fully front;{{sfnp|Perera|Jones|1919|pp=5, 9}} typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|i}}.

| colspan="2" | Slovak{{sfnp|Pavlík|2004|pp=93, 95}}{{sfnp|Hanulíková|Hamann|2010|p=375}} || {{lang|sk|rýchly}} || {{IPA|[ˈri̞ːxli̞]}} || 'fast' || Typically fully front.{{sfnp|Pavlík|2004|pp=93, 95}} See Slovak phonology

| colspan="2" | Sotho{{sfnp|Doke|Mofokeng|1974|p=?}} || {{lang|st|ho leka}} || {{IPA|[hʊ̠lɪ̟kʼɑ̈]}} || 'to attempt' || Fully front; contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels.{{sfnp|Doke|Mofokeng|1974|p=?}} See Sotho phonology

| rowspan="3" | Spanish || Eastern Andalusian{{sfnp|Zamora Vicente|1967|pp=290–295}} || rowspan="2" | {{lang|es|mis}} ||rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[mɪ̟ː]}} || rowspan="2" | 'my' (pl.) || rowspan="2" | Fully front. It corresponds to {{IPAblink|i}} in other dialects, but in these dialects they are distinct. See Spanish phonology

| Murcian{{sfnp|Zamora Vicente|1967|p=341}}

|Rioplatense{{Cn|date=December 2023}}

|si

| Swedish || Central Standard{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=140}}{{sfnp|Rosenqvist|2007|p=9}} || {{lang|sv|sill}} || {{Audio-IPA|sv-sill.ogg|[s̪ɪ̟l̪ː]|help=no}} || 'herring' || The quality has been variously described as close-mid front {{IPA|[ɪ̟˕]}},{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=140}} near-close front {{IPA|[ɪ̟]}}{{sfnp|Rosenqvist|2007|p=9}} and close front {{IPAblink|i}}.{{sfnp|Dahlstedt|1967|p=16}} See Swedish phonology

| colspan="2" | Temne{{sfnp|Kanu|Tucker|2010|p=249}} || {{lang|tem|pim}} || {{IPA|[pí̞m]}} || 'pick' || Fully front;{{sfnp|Kanu|Tucker|2010|p=249}} typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|i}}.

| colspan="2" | Turkish{{sfnp|Göksel|Kerslake|2005|p=10}} || {{lang|tr|müşteri}} || {{IPA|[my̠ʃt̪ɛ̞ˈɾɪ]}} || 'customer' || Allophone of {{IPA|/i/}} described variously as "word-final"{{sfnp|Göksel|Kerslake|2005|p=10}} and "occurring in final open syllable of a phrase".{{sfnp|Zimmer|Orgun|1999|p=155}} See Turkish phonology

| colspan="2" | UkrainianСучасна українська мова: Підручник / О.Д. Пономарів, В.В.Різун, Л.Ю.Шевченко та ін.; За ред. О.Д.пономарева. — 2-ге вид., перероб. —К.: Либідь, 2001. — с. 14{{sfnp|Danyenko|Vakulenko|1995|p=4}} || {{lang|uk|ирій}}/yrij ||{{IPA|[ɪrij]}}|| 'Iriy'|| See Ukrainian phonology

| colspan="2" |Welsh

|mynydd

|{{IPA|[mənɪð]}}

|'mountain'

|See Welsh phonology

| colspan="2" | Yoruba{{sfnp|Bamgboṣe|1966|p=166}} || kini || {{IPA|[kĩi]}}

| 'what'

| Fully front; typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ĩ}}. It is nasalized, and may be close {{IPAblink|i|ĩ}} instead.{{sfnp|Bamgboṣe|1966|p=166}}

T-diaeresis may be in other alphabets.

Notes

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External links

{{phoible|ɪ}}
{{phoible|i̞}}

Category:Near-close vowels

Category:Front vowels

Category:Unrounded vowels

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \|Abenaki \|nis \|[nɪs] \|'two' \|The quality varies between near-close [ɪ] and close [i].{{Cite web \|title=Abenaki, Western \|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/abe/25 \|access-date=2022-05-26 \|website=Ethnologue \|language=en}}{{Cite web \|title=Numbers in Abenaki \|url=https://omniglot.com/language/numbers/abenaki.htm \|access-date=2022-05-26 \|website=omniglot.com}}{{Cite book \|last=Warne \|first=Janet Leila \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5i2UmQEACAAJ \|title=A Historical Phonology of Abenaki \|date=1975 \|publisher=Thesis (M.A.)--McGill University \|language=en}} See Abenaki phonology
Afrikaans	Standard{{sfnp\|Lass\|1987\|p=119}}	{{lang\|af\|meter}}	{{IPA\|[ˈmɪ̞ˑtɐr]}}	'meter'	Close-mid. Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɪə/}} in less stressed words and in stressed syllables of polysyllabic words. In the latter case, it is in free variation with the diphthongal realization {{IPA\|[ɪə̯ ~ ɪ̯ə ~ ɪə]}}.{{sfnp\|Lass\|1987\|p=119}} See Afrikaans phonology
rowspan="2" \| Arabic	Kuwaiti{{sfnp\|Ayyad\|2011\|p=?}}	{{lang\|ar\|بِنْت\|rtl=yes}}/bint	{{IPA\|[bɪnt]}}	'girl'	rowspan="2" \| Corresponds to {{IPA\|/i/}} in Classical Arabic. Contrasts with {{IPA\|/i/}} or {{IPA\|[iː]}}{{sfnp\|Ayyad\|2011\|p=?}}{{sfnp\|Khattab\|2007\|p=?}} See Arabic phonology
Lebanese{{sfnp\|Khattab\|2007\|p=?}}	{{lang\|ar\|بِرْكِة\|rtl=yes}}/birké	{{IPA\|[bɪrke]}}	'pool'
colspan="2" \| Burmese{{sfnp\|Watkins\|2001\|p=293}}	မြစ်/mracʻ	{{IPA\|[mjɪʔ]}}	'root'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/i/}} in syllables closed by a glottal stop and when nasalized.{{sfnp\|Watkins\|2001\|p=293}}
Chinese	Shanghainese{{sfnp\|Chen\|Gussenhoven\|2015\|p=328}}	{{lang\|wuu\|一}} / {{lang\|wuu-Latn\|ih}}	{{IPA\|[ɪ̞ʔ˥]}}	'one'	Close-mid; appears only in closed syllables. Phonetically, it is nearly identical to {{IPA\|/ɛ/}} ({{IPAblink\|e\|e̠}}), which appears only in open syllables.{{sfnp\|Chen\|Gussenhoven\|2015\|p=328}}
Czech	Bohemian{{sfnp\|Dankovičová\|1999\|p=72}}	{{lang\|cs\|byli}}	{{IPA\|[ˈbɪlɪ]}}	'they were'	The quality has been variously described as near-close near-front {{IPA\|[ɪ]}}{{sfnp\|Dankovičová\|1999\|p=72}} and close-mid front {{IPA\|[ɪ̟˕]}}.{{sfnp\|Šimáčková\|Podlipský\|Chládková\|2012\|pp=228–229}} It corresponds to close front {{IPAblink\|i}} in Moravian Czech.{{sfnp\|Šimáčková\|Podlipský\|Chládková\|2012\|pp=228–229}} See Czech phonology
h \| Danish	Standard{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|1998\|p=100}}{{sfnp\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=45}}	{{lang\|da\|hel}}	{{IPA\|[ˈhe̝ːˀl]}}	'whole'	Fully front; contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels.{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|1998\|p=100}}{{sfnp\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=45}} It is typically transcribed in IPA with {{IPAalink\|eː}} - the way it is pronounced in the conservative variety.{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|Johnson\|2010\|p=227}} The Danish vowel transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɪ}} is pronounced similarly to the short {{IPA\|/e/}}.{{sfnp\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=58}} See Danish phonology
Dutch	Standard{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=128}}{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1992\|p=47}}{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2005\|p=245}}	{{lang\|nl\|blik}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Nl-blik.ogg\|[blɪk]\|help=no}}	'glance'	The Standard Northern realization is near-close {{IPA\|[ɪ]}},{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=128}}{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1992\|p=47}} but the Standard Belgian realization has also been described as close-mid {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}}.{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2005\|p=245}} Some regional dialects have a vowel that is slightly closer to the cardinal {{IPAblink\|i}}.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=131}} See Dutch phonology
rowspan="11" \| English	Californian{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|1999\|p=42}}	rowspan="8" \| bit	rowspan="2" \| {{Audio-IPA\|en-us-bit.ogg\|[bɪ̞t]\|help=no}}	rowspan="8" \| 'bit'	rowspan="2" \| Close-mid.{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|1999\|p=42}}{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=486}} See English phonology
General American{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=486}}
Estuary{{sfnp\|Altendorf\|Watt\|2004\|p=188}}	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[bɪʔt]}}	Can be fully front {{IPA\|[ɪ̟]}}, near-front {{IPA\|[ɪ]}} or close-mid {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}}, with other realizations also being possible.{{sfnp\|Altendorf\|Watt\|2004\|p=188}}
Received Pronunciation{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=90}}{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=291}}	Close-mid {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}} for younger speakers, near-close {{IPA\|[ɪ]}} for older speakers.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=90}}{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=291}}
General Australian{{sfnp\|Cox\|Fletcher\|2017\|p=65}}	{{IPA\|[bɪ̟t]}}	Fully front;{{sfnp\|Cox\|Fletcher\|2017\|p=65}} also described as close {{IPAblink\|i}}.{{sfnp\|Cox\|Palethorpe\|2007\|p=344}} See Australian English phonology
Inland Northern American{{sfnp\|Gordon\|2004\|pp=294, 296}}	rowspan="3" \| {{IPA\|[bɪt]}}	The quality varies between near-close near-front {{IPA\|[ɪ]}}, near-close central {{IPAblink\|ɪ̈}}, close-mid near-front {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}} and close-mid central {{IPAblink\|ɘ}}.{{sfnp\|Gordon\|2004\|pp=294, 296}}
Philadelphian{{sfnp\|Gordon\|2004\|p=290}}	The height varies between near-close {{IPA\|[ɪ]}} and close-mid {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}}.{{sfnp\|Gordon\|2004\|p=290}}
Welsh{{sfnp\|Tench\|1990\|p=135}}{{sfnp\|Connolly\|1990\|p=125}}{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|1990\|p=93}}	Near-close {{IPA\|[ɪ]}} in Abercrave and Port Talbot, close-mid {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}} in Cardiff.{{sfnp\|Tench\|1990\|p=135}}{{sfnp\|Connolly\|1990\|p=125}}{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|1990\|p=93}}
New Zealand{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007\|p=98}}{{sfnp\|Gordon\|Maclagan\|2004\|p=609}}	rowspan="3" \| bed	rowspan="3" \| {{IPA\|[be̝d]}}	rowspan="3" \| 'bed'	The quality varies between near-close front {{IPA\|[e̝]}}, near-close near-front {{IPA\|[ɪ]}}, close-mid front {{IPAblink\|e}} and close-mid near-front {{IPAblink\|e\|e̠}}.{{sfnp\|Bauer\|Warren\|Bardsley\|Kennedy\|2007\|p=98}} It is typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|e}}. In the cultivated variety, it is mid {{IPAblink\|e̞}}.{{sfnp\|Gordon\|Maclagan\|2004\|p=609}} See New Zealand English phonology
Some Australian speakers{{sfnp\|Cox\|Fletcher\|2017\|pp=65, 67}}	Close-mid {{IPAblink\|e}} in General Australian, may be even lower for some other speakers.{{sfnp\|Cox\|Fletcher\|2017\|pp=65, 67}} See Australian English phonology
Some South African speakers{{sfnp\|Bowerman\|2004\|pp=936–937}}	Used by some General and Broad speakers. In the Broad variety, it is usually lower {{IPAblink\|ɛ}}, whereas in the General variety, it can be close-mid {{IPAblink\|e}} instead.{{sfnp\|Bowerman\|2004\|pp=936–937}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|e}}. See South African English phonology
French	Quebec{{sfnp\|Walker\|1984\|pp=51–60}}	{{lang\|fr\|petite}}	{{IPA\|[pət͡sɪt]}}	'small'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/i/}} in closed syllables.{{sfnp\|Walker\|1984\|pp=51–60}} See Quebec French phonology
German	Standard{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|pp=34, 64}}	{{lang\|de\|bitte}}	{{Audio-IPA\|De-bitte.ogg\|[ˈb̥ɪ̞tə]\|help=no}}	'please'	Close-mid; for some speakers, it may be as high as {{IPAblink\|i}}.{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|pp=34, 64}} See Standard German phonology
colspan="2" \| Hindustani{{sfnp\|Ohala\|1999\|p=102}}	{{lang\|hi\|इरादा}}/{{lang\|ur\|ارادہ\|rtl=yes}}/iraadaa	{{IPA\|[ɪˈɾäːd̪ä]}}	'intention'	See Hindustani phonology
colspan="2" \| Hungarian{{sfnp\|Szende\|1994\|p=92}}	{{lang\|hu\|visz}}	{{IPA\|[vɪs]}}	'to carry'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|i}}. See Hungarian phonology
colspan="2" \| Icelandic{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=60}}	{{lang\|is\|vinur}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʋɪ̞ːnʏ̞ɾ]}}	'friend'	Close-mid.{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=60}} See Icelandic phonology
colspan="2" \| Kabiye	{{lang\|kbp\|kabɩyɛ}}	{{IPA\|[kàbɪ̀jɛ̀]}}	'Kabiye'	-ATR front vowel. See Kabiye language
colspan="2" \| Kazakh	{{lang\|kk\|бір}}/bır	{{IPA\|[bɪ̞ɾ]}}	'one'	Close-mid. See Kazakh phonology
colspan="2" \| Limburgish{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|pp=158–159}}{{sfnp\|Peters\|2006\|p=119}}	{{lang\|li\|hin}}	{{IPA\|[ɦɪ̞n]}}	'chicken'	Near-close {{IPA\|[ɪ]}}{{sfnp\|Peters\|2006\|p=119}} or close-mid {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}},{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|pp=158–159}} depending on the dialect. The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect.
colspan="2" \| Luxembourgish{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|p=70}}	{{lang\|lb\|Been}}	{{IPA\|[be̝ːn]}}	'leg'	Fully front.{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|p=70}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|eː}}. See Luxembourgish phonology
colspan="2" \|Malay \|kecil \|{{IPA\|[kət͡ʃɪl]}} \|'small' \|Allophone of {{IPA\|/i/}} in closed-final syllables. May be [{{IPA link\|e}}] or [{{IPA link\|e̞}}] depending on the speaker. See Malay phonology
colspan="2" \| Norwegian{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13-14}}	{{lang\|no\|litt}}	{{IPA\|[lɪ̟tː]}}	'a little'	The example word is from Urban East Norwegian, in which the vowel has been variously described as near-close front {{IPA\|[ɪ̟]}}{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13-14}} and close front {{IPAblink\|i}}.{{sfnp\|Kvifte\|Gude-Husken\|2005\|p=2}} See Norwegian phonology
Portuguese	Brazilian{{sfnp\|Barbosa\|Albano\|2004\|p=229}}	{{lang\|pt\|cine}}	{{IPA\|[ˈsinɪ]}}	'cine'	Reduction and neutralization of unstressed {{IPA\|/e/}} (can be epenthetic), {{IPA\|/ɛ/}} and {{IPA\|/i/}}. Can be voiceless. See Portuguese phonology
colspan="2" \| Russian{{sfnp\|Jones\|Ward\|1969\|p=37}}{{sfnp\|Yanushevskaya\|Bunčić\|2015\|p=225}}	{{lang\|ru\|дерево}}/derevo	{{Audio-IPA\|Ru-дерево.ogg\|[ˈdʲerʲɪvə]\|help=no}}	'tree'	Backness varies between fully front and near-front. It occurs only in unstressed syllables.{{sfnp\|Jones\|Ward\|1969\|p=37}}{{sfnp\|Yanushevskaya\|Bunčić\|2015\|p=225}} See Russian phonology
colspan="2" \| Saterland Frisian{{sfnp\|Peters\|2017\|p=?}}	{{lang\|stq\|Dee}}	{{IPA\|[de̝ː]}}	'dough'	Phonetic realization of {{IPA\|/eː/}} and {{IPA\|/ɪ/}}. Near-close front {{IPA\|[e̝ː]}} in the former case, close-mid near-front {{IPA\|[ɪ̞]}} in the latter. Phonetically, the latter is nearly identical to {{IPA\|/ɛː/}} ({{IPAblink\|e\|e̠ː}}).{{sfnp\|Peters\|2017\|p=?}}
colspan="2" \| Scottish Gaelic{{sfnp\|Oftedal\|1956\|p=64}}	{{lang\|gd\|fios}}	{{IPA\|[fɪs̪]}}	'information'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/i/}} before broad consonants and in unstressed syllables.
colspan="2" \| Sicilian{{cite book\|last=Hull\|first=Geoffrey\|author-link=Geoffrey Hull\|title=Polyglot Italy: Languages, Dialects, Peoples\|publisher=CIS Educational\|year=1989}}	{{lang\|scn\|unni}}	{{IPA\|scn\|ˈunnɪ