close-mid front unrounded vowel

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=e

|ipa number=302

|decimal=101

|x-sampa=e

|braille=e

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0065.svg

}}

File:Spectrogram close-mid front unrounded vowel (IPA e).png

The close-mid front unrounded vowel, or high-mid front unrounded vowel,{{Vowel terminology}} is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|e}}.

For the close-mid front unrounded vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol {{angbr IPA|ɪ}} or {{angbr IPA|i}}, see near-close front unrounded vowel. If the usual symbol is {{angbr IPA|e}}, the vowel is listed here.

Features

Occurrence

class="wikitable" style="clear:both;"
colspan=2\|Language !Word !IPA !Meaning !Notes
Afrikaans \|Standard{{sfnp\|Wissing\|2016\|loc=section "The unrounded mid-front vowel {{IPA\|/ɛ/}}"}}	{{lang\|af\|bed}} \|{{IPA\|[bet]}} \|'bed' \|Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɛ}}. The height varies between close-mid {{IPA\|[e]}} and mid {{IPAblink\|ɛ̝}}.{{sfnp\|Wissing\|2016\|loc=section "The unrounded mid-front vowel {{IPA\|/ɛ/}}"}} See Afrikaans phonology
Arabic \|Standard \|{{Lang\|ar\|مَجۡر۪ىٰهَا\|rtl=yes}}/majreha \|{{IPA\|[mad͡ʒ.reː.haː]}} \| \|See imalah
colspan=2\|Azerbaijani \|{{lang\|az\|gecə}} \|[ɟeˈd͡ʒæ] \|'night' \|
Bavarian \|Amstetten dialect{{Harvcoltxt\|Traunmüller\|1982}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=290}} \|{{example needed\|date=October 2014}} \| \| \|
colspan=2\|Breton \|egetMikael Madeg, Traité de prononciation du breton du Nord-Ouest à l’usage des bretonnants, Emgleo Breiz, Brest, 2010 \|[eˈɡet]	'than' \|
colspan=2\|Catalan{{sfnp\|Carbonell\|Llisterri\|1992\|p=54}} \|{{lang\|ca\|séc}} \|{{IPA\|[ˈsek]}} \|'fold' \|See Catalan phonology
Chinese \|Shanghainese{{sfnp\|Chen\|Gussenhoven\|2015\|p=328}} \|{{lang\|wuu\|该}}/kè \|{{IPA\|[ke̠ʔ˩]}} \|'should' \|Near-front; realization of {{IPA\|/ɛ/}}, which appears only in open syllables. Phonetically, it is nearly identical to {{IPA\|/ɪ/}} ({{IPAblink\|ɪ\|ɪ̞}}), which appears only in closed syllables.{{sfnp\|Chen\|Gussenhoven\|2015\|p=328}}
colspan=2\|Chuvash \|эрешмен/ereşmen \|[erɛʃ'mɛnʲ] \|'spider' \|
Danish \|Standard{{sfnp\|Grønnum\|1998\|p=100}}{{sfnp\|Basbøll\|2005\|p=45}} \|{{lang\|da\|hæl}} \|{{IPA\|[ˈheːˀl]}} \|'heel' \|Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɛː}}. See Danish phonology
Dutch \|Belgian{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2005\|p=245}} \|{{lang\|nl\|vreemd}} \|{{IPA\|[vreːmt]}} \|'strange' \|In the Netherlands often diphthongized to {{IPA\|[eɪ]}}. See Dutch phonology
rowspan=13\|English \|Australian{{sfnp\|Harrington\|Cox\|Evans\|1997}} \|rowspan=2\|{{lang\|en\|bed}} \|rowspan=2\|{{IPA\|[bed]}} \|rowspan=2\|'bed' \|See Australian English phonology
New Zealand{{sfnp\|Gordon\|Maclagan\|2004\|p=609}}	The height varies from near-close in broad varieties to mid in the Cultivated variety.{{sfnp\|Gordon\|Maclagan\|2004\|p=609}} See New Zealand English phonology
General American{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=487}} \|rowspan=7\|may \|rowspan=7\|{{IPA\|[meː]}} \|rowspan=7\|'may' \|Most often a closing diphthong {{IPA\|[eɪ]}}.{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=487}}
General Indian{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=626}} \|
General Pakistani{{sfnp\|Mahboob\|Ahmar\|2004\|p=1010}} \|Can be a diphthong {{IPA\|[eɪ]}} instead, depending on speaker.
Geordie{{sfnp\|Watt\|Allen\|2003\|pp=268–269}} \|
Scottish{{sfnp\|Scobbie\|Gordeeva\|Matthews\|2006\|p=7}} \|
Singaporean{{sfnp\|Deterding\|2000\|p=?}} \|
Ulster{{cite web\|title=Week 18 (ii). Northern Ireland\|url=http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/x202-18a-ni.pdf}} \|Pronounced {{IPA\|[ɛː~iə]}} in Belfast.
Some Cardiff speakers{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|1990\|p=95}} \|rowspan=2\|square \|rowspan=2\|{{IPA\|[skweː]}} \|rowspan=2\|'square' \|More often open-mid {{IPAblink\|ɛː}}.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|1990\|p=95}}
Scouse{{citation\|last=Watson\|first=Kevin\|year=2007\|title=Liverpool English\|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association\|volume=37\|issue=3\|pages=351–360\|url=http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/4011/1/download2.pdf?origin=publication_detail\|doi=10.1017/s0025100307003180\|s2cid=232345844\|doi-access=free}} \| May (less commonly) be less open [ɪː] or more open [ɛː] instead{{citation\|last=Watson\|first=Kevin\|year=2007\|title=Liverpool English\|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association\|volume=37\|issue=3\|page=358\|url=http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/4011/1/download2.pdf?origin=publication_detail\|doi=10.1017/s0025100307003180\|s2cid=232345844\|doi-access=free}}
Scottish{{sfnp\|Scobbie\|Gordeeva\|Matthews\|2006\|p=7}} \|bit \|{{IPA\|[bë̞ʔ]}} \|'bit' \|Near-front,{{sfnp\|Scobbie\|Gordeeva\|Matthews\|2006\|p=7}} may be {{IPAblink\|ɪ}} (also {{IPAblink\|ə}}) instead for other speakers.
Cockney{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=305}} \|bird \|{{IPA\|[bɛ̝̈ːd]}} \|'bird' \|Near-front; occasional realization of {{IPA\|/ɜː/}}. It can be rounded {{IPAblink\|œ̝ː}} or, more often, unrounded central {{IPAblink\|ɜ̝ː}} instead.{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=305}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɜː}}.
colspan=2\|Estonian{{sfnp\|Asu\|Teras\|2009\|p=368}}	{{lang\|et\|keha}} \|{{IPA\|[ˈkeɦɑ̝ˑ]}} \|'body' \|See Estonian phonology
colspan=2\|French{{sfnp\|Fougeron\|Smith\|1993\|p=73}}{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2013\|p=225}} \|{{lang\|fr\|beauté}} \|{{IPA\|[bot̪e]}} \|'beauty' \|See French phonology
rowspan=4\|German \|Standard{{sfnp\|Kohler\|1999\|p=87}}{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=34}} \|{{lang\|de\|Seele}} \|{{Audio-IPA\|de-Seele.OGG\|[ˈzeːlə]\|help=no}} \|'soul' \|See Standard German phonology
Many speakers{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|pp=64–65}} \|{{lang\|de\|Jäger}} \|{{IPA\|[ˈjeːɡɐ]}} \|'hunter' \|Outcome of the {{IPA\|/ɛː–eː/}} merger found universally in Northern Germany, Eastern Germany and Eastern Austria (often even in formal speech) and in some other regions.{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|pp=64–65}} See Standard German phonology
Southern accents{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=64}} \|rowspan=2\|{{lang\|de\|Bett}} \|rowspan=2\|{{IPA\|[b̥et]}} \|rowspan=2\|'bed' \|Common realization of {{IPA\|/ɛ/}} in Southern Germany, Switzerland and Austria.{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=64}} See Standard German phonology
Swabian accent{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=64}} \|Contrasts with the open-mid {{IPAblink\|ɛ}}.{{sfnp\|Dudenredaktion\|Kleiner\|Knöbl\|2015\|p=64}} See Standard German phonology
Greek \|Sfakian{{sfnp\|Trudgill\|2009\|pp=83–84}} \|{{example needed\|date=April 2017}} \| \| \|Corresponds to mid {{IPAblink\|e̞}} in Modern Standard Greek.{{sfnp\|Trudgill\|2009\|p=81}} See Modern Greek phonology
colspan=2\|Hebrew{{sfnp\|Laufer\|1999\|p=98}} \|{{lang\|he\|כן\|rtl=yes}}/ken \|{{IPA\|[ke̞n]}} \|'yes' \|Hebrew vowels are not shown in the script, see Niqqud and Modern Hebrew phonology
rowspan=2\|Hindustani \|Hindi \|{{lang\|hi\|के}}/ke \|rowspan=2\|{{IPA\|[keː]}} \|rowspan=2\|'of' \|rowspan=2\|See Hindustani phonology
Urdu \|{{lang\|ur\|کے\|rtl=yes}}/ke
colspan=2\|Hungarian{{sfnp\|Kráľ\|1988\|p=92}} \|{{lang\|hu\|hét}} \|{{IPA\|[heːt̪]}} \|'seven' \|Also described as mid {{IPAblink\|e̞ː}}.{{sfnp\|Szende\|1994\|p=92}} See Hungarian phonology
Italian \|Standard{{sfnp\|Rogers\|d'Arcangeli\|2004\|p=119}} \|{{lang\|it\|stelle}} \|{{IPA\|[ˈs̪t̪elle]}} \|'stars' \|See Italian phonology
colspan="2"\|Khmer \|{{lang\|km\|ទុរេន}} / {{transl\|km\|turen}} \| {{IPA\|[tureːn]}} \| 'durian' \| See Khmer phonology
colspan=2\|Korean \|{{lang\|ko-Hang\|메아리}} / {{lang\|ko-Latn\|meari}} \|{{IPA\|[meɐɾi]}} \|'echo' \|See Korean phonology
Limburgish \|Most dialects{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|p=159}}{{sfnp\|Peters\|2006\|p=119}}{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2007\|p=221}} \|{{lang\|li\|leef}} \|{{IPA\|[leːf]}} \|'dear' \|The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect.
colspan=2\|Lithuanian \|{{lang\|lt\|tėtė}} \|{{IPA\|[t̪eːt̪eː]}} \|'father' \|'Tete' and 'tėtis' are more commonly used than 'tėtė.'
colspan="2" \|Malay \|kecil \|{{IPA\|[kə.t͡ʃel]}} \|'small' \|Allophone of /i/ in closed-final syllables. May be [{{IPA link\|ɪ}}] or [e̞] depending on the speaker. See Malay phonology
colspan=2\|Malayalam \|ചെവി/čevi \|[ȶ͡ɕeʋi] \|'ear' \|See Malayalam phonology
colspan="2" \|Marathi \|एक/ek \|[e:k] \|'one' \|See Marathi phonology
colspan=2\|Norwegian \|{{lang\|no\|le}} \|{{IPA\|[leː]}} \|'laugh' \|The example word is from Urban East Norwegian.{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13-14}}{{sfnp\|Kvifte\|Gude-Husken\|2005\|p=4}} See Norwegian phonology
colspan="2" \| Mpade{{sfnp\|Allison\|2006}}	{{lang\|mpi\|faɗe}}	{{IPA\|[faɗe]}}	'night'
colspan=2\|Persian \|سه/se \|[se] \|'three' \|
colspan=2\|Polish{{sfnp\|Jassem\|2003\|p=106}} \|{{lang\|pl\|dzień}} \|{{Audio-IPA\|pl-dzień.ogg\|[d͡ʑeɲ̟]\|help=no}} \|'day' \|Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɛ/}} between palatal or palatalized consonants. See Polish phonology
colspan=2\|Portuguese{{sfnp\|Cruz-Ferreira\|1995\|p=91}} \|{{lang\|pt\|mesa}} \|{{IPA\|[ˈmezɐ]}} \|'table' \|See Portuguese phonology
colspan=2\|Romanian \|{{lang\|ro\|umple}} \|{{IPA\|[ˈumple]}} \|'to fill' \|See Romanian phonology
colspan=2\|Russian{{sfnp\|Jones\|Ward\|1969\|pp=41, 44}} \|{{lang\|ru\|шея}}/šeja \|{{Audio-IPA\|Ru-шея.ogg\|[ˈʂejə]\|help=no}} \|'neck' \|Close-mid {{IPA\|[e]}} before and between soft consonants, mid {{IPA\|[e̞]}} after soft consonants.{{sfnp\|Jones\|Ward\|1969\|pp=41, 44}} See Russian phonology
colspan=2\|Saterland Frisian{{sfnp\|Peters\|2019\|p=?}} \|{{lang\|stq\|tään}} \|{{IPA\|[te̠ːn]}} \|'thin' \|Near-front; typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ɛː}}. Phonetically, it is nearly identical to {{IPA\|/ɪ/}} ({{IPAblink\|ɪ\|ɪ̞}}). The vowel typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|eː}} is actually near-close {{IPAblink\|e̝ː}}.{{sfnp\|Peters\|2019\|p=?}}
colspan=2\|Slovene{{sfnp\|Šuštaršič\|Komar\|Petek\|1999\|p=137}} \|{{lang\|sl\|sedem}} \|{{IPA\|[ˈsèːdəm]}} \|'seven' \|See Slovene phonology
colspan=2\|Sotho{{sfnp\|Doke\|Mofokeng\|1974\|p=?}} \|{{lang\|st\|ho jwetsa}} \|{{IPA\|[hʊ̠ʒʷet͡sʼɑ̈]}} \|'to tell' \|Contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels.{{sfnp\|Doke\|Mofokeng\|1974\|p=?}} See Sotho phonology
Swedish \|Central Standard{{sfnp\|Engstrand\|1999\|p=140}}{{sfnp\|Rosenqvist\|2007\|p=9}} \|{{lang\|sv\|se}} \|{{IPA\|[s̪eː]}} \|'see' \|Often diphthongized to {{IPA\|[eə̯]}} (hear the word: {{Audio-IPA\|Sv-se.ogg\|[s̪eə̯]\|help=no}}). See Swedish phonology
colspan=2\|Tahitian \|{{lang\|ty\|vahine}} \|{{IPA\|[vahine]}} \|'woman' \|
colspan=2\|Tamil \|செவி/čevi \|[ȶ͡ɕeʋi] \|'ear' \|See Tamil phonology
colspan=2\|Ukrainian \|ефі́рний {{transliteration\|uk\|efirný}} \|[eˈfirnɪj] \|'ethereal' \|See Ukrainian phonology
colspan=2\|Welsh \|chwech \|[χweːχ] \|'six' \|See Welsh phonology
colspan="2" \| Yoruba{{sfnp\|Bamgboṣe\|1966\|p=166}}	{{example needed\|date=July 2015}}

class="wikitable" style="clear:both;"

colspan=2|Language

!Word

!IPA

!Meaning

!Notes

Afrikaans

|Standard{{sfnp|Wissing|2016|loc=section "The unrounded mid-front vowel {{IPA|/ɛ/}}"}}

|{{IPA|[bet]}}

|'bed'

|Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɛ}}. The height varies between close-mid {{IPA|[e]}} and mid {{IPAblink|ɛ̝}}.{{sfnp|Wissing|2016|loc=section "The unrounded mid-front vowel {{IPA|/ɛ/}}"}} See Afrikaans phonology

Arabic

|Standard

|{{Lang|ar|مَجۡر۪ىٰهَا|rtl=yes}}/majreha

|{{IPA|[mad͡ʒ.reː.haː]}}

|See imalah

colspan=2|Azerbaijani

|{{lang|az|gecə}}

|[ɟeˈd͡ʒæ]

|'night'

Bavarian

|Amstetten dialect{{Harvcoltxt|Traunmüller|1982}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=290}}

|{{example needed|date=October 2014}}

colspan=2|Breton

|egetMikael Madeg, Traité de prononciation du breton du Nord-Ouest à l’usage des bretonnants, Emgleo Breiz, Brest, 2010

|[eˈɡet]

'than'

colspan=2|Catalan{{sfnp|Carbonell|Llisterri|1992|p=54}}

|{{lang|ca|séc}}

|{{IPA|[ˈsek]}}

|'fold'

|See Catalan phonology

Chinese

|Shanghainese{{sfnp|Chen|Gussenhoven|2015|p=328}}

|{{lang|wuu|该}}/kè

|{{IPA|[ke̠ʔ˩]}}

|'should'

|Near-front; realization of {{IPA|/ɛ/}}, which appears only in open syllables. Phonetically, it is nearly identical to {{IPA|/ɪ/}} ({{IPAblink|ɪ|ɪ̞}}), which appears only in closed syllables.{{sfnp|Chen|Gussenhoven|2015|p=328}}

colspan=2|Chuvash

|эрешмен/ereşmen

|[erɛʃ'mɛnʲ]

|'spider'

Danish

|Standard{{sfnp|Grønnum|1998|p=100}}{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|p=45}}

|{{lang|da|hæl}}

|{{IPA|[ˈheːˀl]}}

|'heel'

|Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɛː}}. See Danish phonology

Dutch

|Belgian{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2005|p=245}}

|{{lang|nl|vreemd}}

|{{IPA|[vreːmt]}}

|'strange'

|In the Netherlands often diphthongized to {{IPA|[eɪ]}}. See Dutch phonology

rowspan=13|English

|Australian{{sfnp|Harrington|Cox|Evans|1997}}

|rowspan=2|{{lang|en|bed}}

|rowspan=2|{{IPA|[bed]}}

|rowspan=2|'bed'

|See Australian English phonology

New Zealand{{sfnp|Gordon|Maclagan|2004|p=609}}

The height varies from near-close in broad varieties to mid in the Cultivated variety.{{sfnp|Gordon|Maclagan|2004|p=609}} See New Zealand English phonology

General American{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=487}}

|rowspan=7|may

|rowspan=7|{{IPA|[meː]}}

|rowspan=7|'may'

|Most often a closing diphthong {{IPA|[eɪ]}}.{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=487}}

General Indian{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=626}}

General Pakistani{{sfnp|Mahboob|Ahmar|2004|p=1010}}

|Can be a diphthong {{IPA|[eɪ]}} instead, depending on speaker.

Geordie{{sfnp|Watt|Allen|2003|pp=268–269}}

Scottish{{sfnp|Scobbie|Gordeeva|Matthews|2006|p=7}}

Singaporean{{sfnp|Deterding|2000|p=?}}

Ulster{{cite web|title=Week 18 (ii). Northern Ireland|url=http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/x202-18a-ni.pdf}}

|Pronounced {{IPA|[ɛː~iə]}} in Belfast.

Some Cardiff speakers{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|1990|p=95}}

|rowspan=2|square

|rowspan=2|{{IPA|[skweː]}}

|rowspan=2|'square'

|More often open-mid {{IPAblink|ɛː}}.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|1990|p=95}}

Scouse{{citation|last=Watson|first=Kevin|year=2007|title=Liverpool English|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=37|issue=3|pages=351–360|url=http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/4011/1/download2.pdf?origin=publication_detail|doi=10.1017/s0025100307003180|s2cid=232345844|doi-access=free}}

| May (less commonly) be less open [ɪː] or more open [ɛː] instead{{citation|last=Watson|first=Kevin|year=2007|title=Liverpool English|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=37|issue=3|page=358|url=http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/4011/1/download2.pdf?origin=publication_detail|doi=10.1017/s0025100307003180|s2cid=232345844|doi-access=free}}

Scottish{{sfnp|Scobbie|Gordeeva|Matthews|2006|p=7}}

|bit

|{{IPA|[bë̞ʔ]}}

|'bit'

|Near-front,{{sfnp|Scobbie|Gordeeva|Matthews|2006|p=7}} may be {{IPAblink|ɪ}} (also {{IPAblink|ə}}) instead for other speakers.

Cockney{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=305}}

|bird

|{{IPA|[bɛ̝̈ːd]}}

|'bird'

|Near-front; occasional realization of {{IPA|/ɜː/}}. It can be rounded {{IPAblink|œ̝ː}} or, more often, unrounded central {{IPAblink|ɜ̝ː}} instead.{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=305}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɜː}}.

colspan=2|Estonian{{sfnp|Asu|Teras|2009|p=368}}

|{{IPA|[ˈkeɦɑ̝ˑ]}}

|'body'

|See Estonian phonology

colspan=2|French{{sfnp|Fougeron|Smith|1993|p=73}}{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2013|p=225}}

|{{lang|fr|beauté}}

|{{IPA|[bot̪e]}}

|'beauty'

|See French phonology

rowspan=4|German

|Standard{{sfnp|Kohler|1999|p=87}}{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=34}}

|{{lang|de|Seele}}

|{{Audio-IPA|de-Seele.OGG|[ˈzeːlə]|help=no}}

|'soul'

|See Standard German phonology

Many speakers{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|pp=64–65}}

|{{lang|de|Jäger}}

|{{IPA|[ˈjeːɡɐ]}}

|'hunter'

|Outcome of the {{IPA|/ɛː–eː/}} merger found universally in Northern Germany, Eastern Germany and Eastern Austria (often even in formal speech) and in some other regions.{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|pp=64–65}} See Standard German phonology

Southern accents{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=64}}

|rowspan=2|{{lang|de|Bett}}

|rowspan=2|{{IPA|[b̥et]}}

|rowspan=2|'bed'

|Common realization of {{IPA|/ɛ/}} in Southern Germany, Switzerland and Austria.{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=64}} See Standard German phonology

Swabian accent{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=64}}

|Contrasts with the open-mid {{IPAblink|ɛ}}.{{sfnp|Dudenredaktion|Kleiner|Knöbl|2015|p=64}} See Standard German phonology

Greek

|Sfakian{{sfnp|Trudgill|2009|pp=83–84}}

|{{example needed|date=April 2017}}

|Corresponds to mid {{IPAblink|e̞}} in Modern Standard Greek.{{sfnp|Trudgill|2009|p=81}} See Modern Greek phonology

colspan=2|Hebrew{{sfnp|Laufer|1999|p=98}}

|{{lang|he|כן|rtl=yes}}/ken

|{{IPA|[ke̞n]}}

|'yes'

|Hebrew vowels are not shown in the script, see Niqqud and Modern Hebrew phonology

rowspan=2|Hindustani

|Hindi

|{{lang|hi|के}}/ke

|rowspan=2|{{IPA|[keː]}}

|rowspan=2|'of'

|rowspan=2|See Hindustani phonology

Urdu

|{{lang|ur|کے|rtl=yes}}/ke

colspan=2|Hungarian{{sfnp|Kráľ|1988|p=92}}

|{{lang|hu|hét}}

|{{IPA|[heːt̪]}}

|'seven'

|Also described as mid {{IPAblink|e̞ː}}.{{sfnp|Szende|1994|p=92}} See Hungarian phonology

Italian

|Standard{{sfnp|Rogers|d'Arcangeli|2004|p=119}}

|{{lang|it|stelle}}

|{{IPA|[ˈs̪t̪elle]}}

|'stars'

|See Italian phonology

colspan="2"|Khmer

|{{lang|km|ទុរេន}} / {{transl|km|turen}}

| {{IPA|[tureːn]}}

| 'durian'

| See Khmer phonology

colspan=2|Korean

|{{lang|ko-Hang|메아리}} / {{lang|ko-Latn|meari}}

|{{IPA|[meɐɾi]}}

|'echo'

|See Korean phonology

Limburgish

|Most dialects{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=159}}{{sfnp|Peters|2006|p=119}}{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2007|p=221}}

|{{lang|li|leef}}

|{{IPA|[leːf]}}

|'dear'

|The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect.

colspan=2|Lithuanian

|{{lang|lt|tėtė}}

|{{IPA|[t̪eːt̪eː]}}

|'father'

|'Tete' and 'tėtis' are more commonly used than 'tėtė.'

colspan="2" |Malay

|kecil

|{{IPA|[kə.t͡ʃel]}}

|'small'

|Allophone of /i/ in closed-final syllables. May be [{{IPA link|ɪ}}] or [e̞] depending on the speaker. See Malay phonology

colspan=2|Malayalam

|ചെവി/čevi

|[ȶ͡ɕeʋi]

|'ear'

|See Malayalam phonology

colspan="2" |Marathi

|एक/ek

|[e:k]

|'one'

|See Marathi phonology

colspan=2|Norwegian

|{{lang|no|le}}

|{{IPA|[leː]}}

|'laugh'

|The example word is from Urban East Norwegian.{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|pp=13-14}}{{sfnp|Kvifte|Gude-Husken|2005|p=4}} See Norwegian phonology

colspan="2" | Mpade{{sfnp|Allison|2006}}

'night'

colspan=2|Persian

|سه/se

|[se]

|'three'

colspan=2|Polish{{sfnp|Jassem|2003|p=106}}

|{{lang|pl|dzień}}

|{{Audio-IPA|pl-dzień.ogg|[d͡ʑeɲ̟]|help=no}}

|'day'

|Allophone of {{IPA|/ɛ/}} between palatal or palatalized consonants. See Polish phonology

colspan=2|Portuguese{{sfnp|Cruz-Ferreira|1995|p=91}}

|{{lang|pt|mesa}}

|{{IPA|[ˈmezɐ]}}

|'table'

|See Portuguese phonology

colspan=2|Romanian

|{{lang|ro|umple}}

|{{IPA|[ˈumple]}}

|'to fill'

|See Romanian phonology

colspan=2|Russian{{sfnp|Jones|Ward|1969|pp=41, 44}}

|{{lang|ru|шея}}/šeja

|{{Audio-IPA|Ru-шея.ogg|[ˈʂejə]|help=no}}

|'neck'

|Close-mid {{IPA|[e]}} before and between soft consonants, mid {{IPA|[e̞]}} after soft consonants.{{sfnp|Jones|Ward|1969|pp=41, 44}} See Russian phonology

colspan=2|Saterland Frisian{{sfnp|Peters|2019|p=?}}

|{{lang|stq|tään}}

|{{IPA|[te̠ːn]}}

|'thin'

|Near-front; typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɛː}}. Phonetically, it is nearly identical to {{IPA|/ɪ/}} ({{IPAblink|ɪ|ɪ̞}}). The vowel typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|eː}} is actually near-close {{IPAblink|e̝ː}}.{{sfnp|Peters|2019|p=?}}

colspan=2|Slovene{{sfnp|Šuštaršič|Komar|Petek|1999|p=137}}

|{{lang|sl|sedem}}

|{{IPA|[ˈsèːdəm]}}

|'seven'

|See Slovene phonology

colspan=2|Sotho{{sfnp|Doke|Mofokeng|1974|p=?}}

|{{lang|st|ho jwetsa}}

|{{IPA|[hʊ̠ʒʷet͡sʼɑ̈]}}

|'to tell'

|Contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels.{{sfnp|Doke|Mofokeng|1974|p=?}} See Sotho phonology

Swedish

|Central Standard{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=140}}{{sfnp|Rosenqvist|2007|p=9}}

|{{lang|sv|se}}

|{{IPA|[s̪eː]}}

|'see'

|Often diphthongized to {{IPA|[eə̯]}} (hear the word: {{Audio-IPA|Sv-se.ogg|[s̪eə̯]|help=no}}). See Swedish phonology

colspan=2|Tahitian

|{{lang|ty|vahine}}

|{{IPA|[vahine]}}

|'woman'

colspan=2|Tamil

|செவி/čevi

|[ȶ͡ɕeʋi]

|'ear'

|See Tamil phonology

colspan=2|Ukrainian

|ефі́рний {{transliteration|uk|efirný}}

|[eˈfirnɪj]

|'ethereal'

|See Ukrainian phonology

colspan=2|Welsh

|chwech

|[χweːχ]

|'six'

|See Welsh phonology

colspan="2" | Yoruba{{sfnp|Bamgboṣe|1966|p=166}}

Notes

References

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External links

{{phoible|e}}

Category:Close-mid vowels

Category:Front vowels

Category:Unrounded vowels

close-mid front unrounded vowel

Features

Occurrence

See also

Notes

References

External links